Advanced strategies for the efficient utilization of refractory iron ores via magnetization roasting techniques: A comprehensive review

Efficient utilization of refractory iron ores is a critical component of the circular economy, essential for the sustainable development of the iron and steel industry. The magnetization roasting process has emerged as a research hotspot due to its energy-saving characteristics, and high efficiency. This paper comprehensively reviews the application of magnetization roasting for the efficient utilization of refractory iron ores and clarifies their mineralogical characteristics. The study further elucidates the thermodynamic foundations and kinetic reactions involved in magnetization roasting, detailing the mineral phase transformations that occur during the process. Additionally, it systematically summarizes conventional and novel magnetization roasting technologies, including shaft furnace roasting process, rotary kiln roasting process, suspension magnetization roasting process, microwave-assisted reduction roasting process, and biomass as a green reductant. The findings highlight the significant potential of magnetization roasting in improving the beneficiation of refractory iron ores, emphasizing its role in promoting sustainable industrial practices. Future research directions include optimizing process parameters, enhancing the understanding of reaction mechanisms, and scaling up the technology for industrial application.