Pub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109246
L. Vinnett , K.E. Waters
Different first-order models have been used to characterize flotation kinetics due to their simple interpretation and mathematical treatment. However, these representations are not applicable to flotation responses that do not present decreasing recovery rates over time. Some erratic kinetic responses present close to S-shaped dependency as a function of time, indicating a delayed separation. These trends can be modelled by a variety of approaches; however, compressed exponentials of the type exp(−a t b), with b ≥ 1, are attractive due to the fact that the classical first-order model is a special case. This work analyses size-by-size batch kinetic responses of Cu and Pb minerals in their separation from a complex ore, showing the transition towards deterministic first-order rate constants in the coarser size classes, finally obtaining compressed exponentials in the −212 +150 μm fraction [R = R∞(1-exp(−a t b)), with R∞ the maximum recovery]. As the derivatives of these exponentials are zero at t = 0, this result indicates the delayed nature of the separation of coarse particles for this process.
{"title":"The use of compressed exponentials for kinetic modelling of batch flotation","authors":"L. Vinnett , K.E. Waters","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different first-order models have been used to characterize flotation kinetics due to their simple interpretation and mathematical treatment. However, these representations are not applicable to flotation responses that do not present decreasing recovery rates over time. Some erratic kinetic responses present close to S-shaped dependency as a function of time, indicating a delayed separation. These trends can be modelled by a variety of approaches; however, compressed exponentials of the type exp(−<em>a t <sup>b</sup></em>), with <em>b</em> ≥ 1, are attractive due to the fact that the classical first-order model is a special case. This work analyses size-by-size batch kinetic responses of Cu and Pb minerals in their separation from a complex ore, showing the transition towards deterministic first-order rate constants in the coarser size classes, finally obtaining compressed exponentials in the −212 +150 μm fraction [<em>R</em> = <em>R</em><sub>∞</sub>(1-exp(−<em>a t <sup>b</sup></em>)), with <em>R</em><sub>∞</sub> the maximum recovery]. As the derivatives of these exponentials are zero at <em>t</em> = 0, this result indicates the delayed nature of the separation of coarse particles for this process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 109246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109251
Xianggen Chen , Ming Guo , Yijun Cao , Chao Li
Coarse particle flotation for gangue rejection at an early stage has received extensive attentions in mineral processing. Coarse particles often bear chemically heterogeneous surface with low exposure rate of valuable minerals. To date, the bubble attaching behavior at such heterogeneous surface remains unclear, which hinders the process optimization for coarse particle flotation. Therefore, this study investigated the attachment probability of bubbles of three sizes on four inclined hydrophilic surfaces containing discretely distributed hydrophobic dots. Note that these surfaces had the same area fraction of hydrophobic phase but different distribution pattern in terms of hydrophobic dot size and their distribution density. For small bubble of 550 μm in diameter, it was observed that the distribution density of the hydrophobic dots dominated the attachment probability. As the bubble size increased to 750 μm and 950 μm, bigger hydrophobic dot size could improve the bubble attachment probability. Further study found that the surface chemical heterogeneity and bubble size jointly determined the bubble adhesion force which is directly related to the attachment probability. This study reveals the matching mechanism between the exposed features of heterogeneous surface and bubble size, which would facilitate the process optimization for coarse particle flotation.
{"title":"Effect of surface chemical heterogeneity on bubble attachment probability: Implications for coarse particle flotation","authors":"Xianggen Chen , Ming Guo , Yijun Cao , Chao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coarse particle flotation for gangue rejection at an early stage has received extensive attentions in mineral processing. Coarse particles often bear chemically heterogeneous surface with low exposure rate of valuable minerals. To date, the bubble attaching behavior at such heterogeneous surface remains unclear, which hinders the process optimization for coarse particle flotation. Therefore, this study investigated the attachment probability of bubbles of three sizes on four inclined hydrophilic surfaces containing discretely distributed hydrophobic dots. Note that these surfaces had the same area fraction of hydrophobic phase but different distribution pattern in terms of hydrophobic dot size and their distribution density. For small bubble of 550 μm in diameter, it was observed that the distribution density of the hydrophobic dots dominated the attachment probability. As the bubble size increased to 750 μm and 950 μm, bigger hydrophobic dot size could improve the bubble attachment probability. Further study found that the surface chemical heterogeneity and bubble size jointly determined the bubble adhesion force which is directly related to the attachment probability. This study reveals the matching mechanism between the exposed features of heterogeneous surface and bubble size, which would facilitate the process optimization for coarse particle flotation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 109251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109250
Hee-Eun Jeong , Heewon Kang , Sowon Choi , Hyunjung Kim
Sulfuric acid leaching as a function of acid dosage (200–800 kg H2SO4/dmt) and time (1–168 h) was performed on saprolitic laterite ores (SL) and limonitic laterite ores (LL) from different regions to characterize and compare the leaching behavior of saprolitic and limonitic laterite ores at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The major mineral of SL is antigorite/lizardite, whereas the main minerals of LL are goethite and talc. The metal leaching efficiency of both SL and LL increased with rising acid dosage, and leaching behavior was related to acid consumption. The nickel leaching efficiency and rate constant of SL were higher than that of LL under the same acid dosage condition. XRD analysis on the residue after leaching confirmed that serpentine is easier to leach than goethite and talc due to the mineral structure. Kinetic analyses showed that the leaching of laterite ores employed in the present work was well fitted to the Shrinking Core Model with the rate-determining step of a solid product layer diffusion.
{"title":"Comparative study of limonitic and saprolitic laterite ores on the leaching characteristics under atmospheric pressure","authors":"Hee-Eun Jeong , Heewon Kang , Sowon Choi , Hyunjung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfuric acid leaching as a function of acid dosage (200–800 kg H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/dmt) and time (1–168 h) was performed on saprolitic laterite ores (SL) and limonitic laterite ores (LL) from different regions to characterize and compare the leaching behavior of saprolitic and limonitic laterite ores at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The major mineral of SL is antigorite/lizardite, whereas the main minerals of LL are goethite and talc. The metal leaching efficiency of both SL and LL increased with rising acid dosage, and leaching behavior was related to acid consumption. The nickel leaching efficiency and rate constant of SL were higher than that of LL under the same acid dosage condition. XRD analysis on the residue after leaching confirmed that serpentine is easier to leach than goethite and talc due to the mineral structure. Kinetic analyses showed that the leaching of laterite ores employed in the present work was well fitted to the Shrinking Core Model with the rate-determining step of a solid product layer diffusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 109250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accumulation of large quantities of dihydrate phosphogypsum (DPG) presents notable environmental challenges and obstacles to the sustainable growth of the phosphogypsum industry. Utilizing DPG as a backfill aggregate represents an effective approach to enhance its utilization rate. This study aims to prepare backfill materials by consolidating DPG with industrial waste granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and calcium carbide residue (CCR) as binders. The fluidity, bleeding rate, setting time, strength, and water resistance of the backfill materials were tested. Additionally, their phase composition, microstructure, hydration mechanisms, and environmental behavior were analyzed. The results showed that: the optimized backfill material exhibited high fluidity, a lower bleeding rate, and a significantly reduced setting time. GBFS and CCR greatly improved the strength and water resistance, with a 28-day compressive strength of 40.86 MPa, a water absorption rate of 4.89 %, and a softening coefficient of 0.81. CCR accelerated the formation of ettringite crystals, enhancing early strength. As the curing period extended and the GBFS content increased, a stable three-dimensional network structure formed, optimizing pore structure and improving performance. Furthermore, the combination of GBFS and CCR effectively neutralized residual acids in DPG, reducing phosphorus and heavy metal elements leaching, and enhancing environmental safety. Using industrial waste binders reduced carbon emission and cost, with 40 % GBFS and 6 % CCR content performing optimally. This study could offer important support for sustainable mine development and efficient resource utilization.
{"title":"Solid waste binder cemented dihydrate phosphogypsum aggregate to prepare backfill material","authors":"Yonghui Zhao , Xuhong Zhou , Qishi Zhou , Fangjie Cheng , Wenxuan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulation of large quantities of dihydrate phosphogypsum (DPG) presents notable environmental challenges and obstacles to the sustainable growth of the phosphogypsum industry. Utilizing DPG as a backfill aggregate represents an effective approach to enhance its utilization rate. This study aims to prepare backfill materials by consolidating DPG with industrial waste granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and calcium carbide residue (CCR) as binders. The fluidity, bleeding rate, setting time, strength, and water resistance of the backfill materials were tested. Additionally, their phase composition, microstructure, hydration mechanisms, and environmental behavior were analyzed. The results showed that: the optimized backfill material exhibited high fluidity, a lower bleeding rate, and a significantly reduced setting time. GBFS and CCR greatly improved the strength and water resistance, with a 28-day compressive strength of 40.86 MPa, a water absorption rate of 4.89 %, and a softening coefficient of 0.81. CCR accelerated the formation of ettringite crystals, enhancing early strength. As the curing period extended and the GBFS content increased, a stable three-dimensional network structure formed, optimizing pore structure and improving performance. Furthermore, the combination of GBFS and CCR effectively neutralized residual acids in DPG, reducing phosphorus and heavy metal elements leaching, and enhancing environmental safety. Using industrial waste binders reduced carbon emission and cost, with 40 % GBFS and 6 % CCR content performing optimally. This study could offer important support for sustainable mine development and efficient resource utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 109249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing highly efficient and selective depressants is an effective measure to solve the susceptibility of sphalerite flotation to copper ion activation. In this study, the depression performance of the novel depressant lysine (Lys) on Cu2+-activated sphalerite was investigated, and the removal mechanism was elucidated using contact angle tests, surface adsorption analysis, inductively coupled plasma experiments (ICP), zeta potential measurements, FT-IR analysis, and XPS analysis. The micro-flotation experiment findings investigated that, at pH 9.0 and 30.0 mg/L of Lys, the flotation recovery difference between chalcopyrite and sphalerite was 53.16 %. Lys showed different adsorption behaviors on the surfaces of chalcopyrite and sphalerite, as further demonstrated by contact angle and surface adsorption analysis. Moreover, it was discovered that Lys could effectively inhibit the adsorption of sodium butyl xanthate (NaBX) on the sphalerite surface, leading to selective depression. Based on the outcomes of solution chemistry calculations, ICP experiments, and zeta potential measurements, it also could be concluded that Lys accelerated the dissolution of Cu2+ on the sphalerite surface and decreased the negative activation, and Lys ions were found to be the essential constituent of the pulp. FT-IR and XPS analyses confirmed that the RCOO- a hydrophilic group of Lys, had a coordination reaction with the activating copper ions, which made it a high chemisorption capacity on the sphalerite surface. In addition, the amino group (–NH2) is indirectly involved in the selective depressant mechanism by interacting with Zn2+ ions on the sphalerite surface. Therefore, Lys is a novel and effective sphalerite depressant, offering theoretical and scientific guidance for the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and sphalerite.
{"title":"Experimental and interaction mechanism with novel depressant lysine for the removal of copper ions activation on sphalerite surface","authors":"Lingyun Bao, Wengang Liu, Wenbao Liu, Ying Guo, Zuxin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing highly efficient and selective depressants is an effective measure to solve the susceptibility of sphalerite flotation to copper ion activation. In this study, the depression performance of the novel depressant lysine (Lys) on Cu<sup>2+</sup>-activated sphalerite was investigated, and the removal mechanism was elucidated using contact angle tests, surface adsorption analysis, inductively coupled plasma experiments (ICP), zeta potential measurements, FT-IR analysis, and XPS analysis. The micro-flotation experiment findings investigated that, at pH 9.0 and 30.0 mg/L of Lys, the flotation recovery difference between chalcopyrite and sphalerite was 53.16 %. Lys showed different adsorption behaviors on the surfaces of chalcopyrite and sphalerite, as further demonstrated by contact angle and surface adsorption analysis. Moreover, it was discovered that Lys could effectively inhibit the adsorption of sodium butyl xanthate (NaBX) on the sphalerite surface, leading to selective depression. Based on the outcomes of solution chemistry calculations, ICP experiments, and zeta potential measurements, it also could be concluded that Lys accelerated the dissolution of Cu<sup>2+</sup> on the sphalerite surface and decreased the negative activation, and Lys ions were found to be the essential constituent of the pulp. FT-IR and XPS analyses confirmed that the RCOO<sup>-</sup> a hydrophilic group of Lys, had a coordination reaction with the activating copper ions, which made it a high chemisorption capacity on the sphalerite surface. In addition, the amino group (–NH<sub>2</sub>) is indirectly involved in the selective depressant mechanism by interacting with Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions on the sphalerite surface. Therefore, Lys is a novel and effective sphalerite depressant, offering theoretical and scientific guidance for the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and sphalerite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 109247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study addresses the low current efficiency in gallium electrowinning by investigating the effects of electrode materials, cathode pretreatment, and cathode configuration. Stainless steel is the optimal cathode material due to its superior performance in current efficiency and corrosion resistance compared to other materials that form alloys with gallium. Stainless steel anodes also demonstrate better performance in alkaline systems than conventional inert anodes, with lower cell voltage and higher current efficiency. Pretreatment methods, including finer sandpaper polishing, chemical activation with hydrochloric acid, and electrochemical activation, significantly improve nucleation and current efficiency. Additionally, mesh cathodes, due to their enhanced mass transfer properties, effectively optimize electrolyte convection and further increase current efficiency, which was verified by numerical simulation. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing gallium electrowinning processes through strategic material selection and pretreatment techniques.
{"title":"Effects of electrode materials, pretreatment, and configuration on gallium electrowinning","authors":"Zuowei Liu , Xueyi Guo , Qinghua Tian , Jue Yin , Zhipeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the low current efficiency in gallium electrowinning by investigating the effects of electrode materials, cathode pretreatment, and cathode configuration. Stainless steel is the optimal cathode material due to its superior performance in current efficiency and corrosion resistance compared to other materials that form alloys with gallium. Stainless steel anodes also demonstrate better performance in alkaline systems than conventional inert anodes, with lower cell voltage and higher current efficiency. Pretreatment methods, including finer sandpaper polishing, chemical activation with hydrochloric acid, and electrochemical activation, significantly improve nucleation and current efficiency. Additionally, mesh cathodes, due to their enhanced mass transfer properties, effectively optimize electrolyte convection and further increase current efficiency, which was verified by numerical simulation. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing gallium electrowinning processes through strategic material selection and pretreatment techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 109248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-11DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109234
Mengfei Liu , Peng He , Zhongqiang Wen , Jianzhong Liu , Yunzhao Lu , Jianyu Zhu , Daixiong Chen
Microcrystalline graphite more often described greater flotation difficulty than flake graphite. In order to improve the flotation efficiency of microcrystalline graphite, a new reagent called MOS was created by mixed emulsifier alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO), frother methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), and surfactant stearic acid. The reagent MOS has the ability of both collecting and foaming. The flotation results demonstrated that the flotation recovery of 87.5 % was obtained when 300 g/t of MOS was used, obviously higher than that of conventional kerosene with the same amount of collector. Mechanism study found that mixing emulsification enables collector to have better dispersion in water, which makes the collector in MOS to disperse more easily in the water. E-DLVO theoretical was indicated that the interaction force between the collector and the graphite particles was mainly affected by the hydrophobic force. The force between collector in MOS and graphite is more negative, and its adsorption capacity with graphite particles is stronger than that of traditional collectors. This was confirmed Three-dimensional fluorescence (EEM) test. Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) results also showed that the adsorption capacity of the collector on the graphite surface increased from 70 to 350 ng/cm2 with stearic acid. Additionally, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) results found that the stearic acid in MOS can change the adsorption layer structure of collector and make the adsorption layer more stable. This is beneficial to reduce the adsorption energy of graphite and bubbles, promote the combination of graphite and bubbles, and improve the flotation efficiency of microcrystalline graphite.
{"title":"A comprehensive investigation of microcrystalline graphite flotation using the innovative reagent MOS","authors":"Mengfei Liu , Peng He , Zhongqiang Wen , Jianzhong Liu , Yunzhao Lu , Jianyu Zhu , Daixiong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microcrystalline graphite more often described greater flotation difficulty than flake graphite. In order to improve the flotation efficiency of microcrystalline graphite, a new reagent called MOS was created by mixed emulsifier alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO), frother methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), and surfactant stearic acid. The reagent MOS has the ability of both collecting and foaming. The flotation results demonstrated that the flotation recovery of 87.5 % was obtained when 300 g/t of MOS was used, obviously higher than that of conventional kerosene with the same amount of collector. Mechanism study found that mixing emulsification enables collector to have better dispersion in water, which makes the collector in MOS to disperse more easily in the water. E-DLVO theoretical was indicated that the interaction force between the collector and the graphite particles was mainly affected by the hydrophobic force. The force between collector in MOS and graphite is more negative, and its adsorption capacity with graphite particles is stronger than that of traditional collectors. This was confirmed Three-dimensional fluorescence (EEM) test. Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) results also showed that the adsorption capacity of the collector on the graphite surface increased from 70 to 350 ng/cm<sup>2</sup> with stearic acid. Additionally, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) results found that the stearic acid in MOS can change the adsorption layer structure of collector and make the adsorption layer more stable. This is beneficial to reduce the adsorption energy of graphite and bubbles, promote the combination of graphite and bubbles, and improve the flotation efficiency of microcrystalline graphite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 109234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-11DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109244
Siqin Zhu, Guohua Ye, Qi Zuo, Xuanxiong Kang, Yun Zhang, Xinyue Xiang, Yiyang Rong, Changxu Song
Preconcentration of vanadium-bearing shale via the flotation separation of aluminosilicate minerals, such as garnet, from quartz is a promising approach to meet the growing demand for vanadium. However, several issues, including poor selectivity, must be addressed and the separation mechanism should be elucidated. In this study, a flotation system for selectively separating garnet from quartz under acidic conditions was developed. The use of dodecylamine as the collector and sodium fluorosilicate as the depressant yielded satisfactory technical performance. Additionally, the mechanism by which dodecylamine captures garnet and sodium fluorosilicate inhibits quartz was investigated through microflotation experiments, zeta potential measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At pH 3 with 5.6 × 10−4 mol/L dodecylamine and 8.4 × 10−4 mol/L sodium fluorosilicate, microflotation experiments achieved a garnet recovery rate of 90.62 %, whereas that of quartz was only 0.6 %, resulting in effective separation of these minerals. As the pH of the slurry decreased, the zeta potential of quartz tended to become more positive, which hindered the adsorption of the collector, cationic dodecylamine, on the quartz surface. The XPS results indicated that at pH = 3, the binding of dodecylamine to the potential at the Fe2p1/2 site of garnet was promoted, resulting in enhanced floatability of the garnet. Furthermore, sodium fluorosilicate competed with dodecylamine for the Si–OH groups on the surface of quartz, resulting in reduced floatability.
{"title":"Vanadium-bearing shale beneficiation pre-enrichment: Selective flotation separation of garnet and quartz in an acidic environment using a dodecylamine–sodium fluosilicate system","authors":"Siqin Zhu, Guohua Ye, Qi Zuo, Xuanxiong Kang, Yun Zhang, Xinyue Xiang, Yiyang Rong, Changxu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preconcentration of vanadium-bearing shale via the flotation separation of aluminosilicate minerals, such as garnet, from quartz is a promising approach to meet the growing demand for vanadium. However, several issues, including poor selectivity, must be addressed and the separation mechanism should be elucidated. In this study, a flotation system for selectively separating garnet from quartz under acidic conditions was developed. The use of dodecylamine as the collector and sodium fluorosilicate as the depressant yielded satisfactory technical performance. Additionally, the mechanism by which dodecylamine captures garnet and sodium fluorosilicate inhibits quartz was investigated through microflotation experiments, zeta potential measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At pH 3 with 5.6 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mol/L dodecylamine and 8.4 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mol/L sodium fluorosilicate, microflotation experiments achieved a garnet recovery rate of 90.62 %, whereas that of quartz was only 0.6 %, resulting in effective separation of these minerals. As the pH of the slurry decreased, the zeta potential of quartz tended to become more positive, which hindered the adsorption of the collector, cationic dodecylamine, on the quartz surface. The XPS results indicated that at pH = 3, the binding of dodecylamine to the potential at the Fe2p<sub>1/2</sub> site of garnet was promoted, resulting in enhanced floatability of the garnet. Furthermore, sodium fluorosilicate competed with dodecylamine for the Si–OH groups on the surface of quartz, resulting in reduced floatability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 109244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109236
Yuchao Qiu , Yongsheng Sun , Yuexin Han , Peng Gao
Efficient utilization of refractory iron ores is a critical component of the circular economy, essential for the sustainable development of the iron and steel industry. The magnetization roasting process has emerged as a research hotspot due to its energy-saving characteristics, and high efficiency. This paper comprehensively reviews the application of magnetization roasting for the efficient utilization of refractory iron ores and clarifies their mineralogical characteristics. The study further elucidates the thermodynamic foundations and kinetic reactions involved in magnetization roasting, detailing the mineral phase transformations that occur during the process. Additionally, it systematically summarizes conventional and novel magnetization roasting technologies, including shaft furnace roasting process, rotary kiln roasting process, suspension magnetization roasting process, microwave-assisted reduction roasting process, and biomass as a green reductant. The findings highlight the significant potential of magnetization roasting in improving the beneficiation of refractory iron ores, emphasizing its role in promoting sustainable industrial practices. Future research directions include optimizing process parameters, enhancing the understanding of reaction mechanisms, and scaling up the technology for industrial application.
{"title":"Advanced strategies for the efficient utilization of refractory iron ores via magnetization roasting techniques: A comprehensive review","authors":"Yuchao Qiu , Yongsheng Sun , Yuexin Han , Peng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient utilization of refractory iron ores is a critical component of the circular economy, essential for the sustainable development of the iron and steel industry. The magnetization roasting process has emerged as a research hotspot due to its energy-saving characteristics, and high efficiency. This paper comprehensively reviews the application of magnetization roasting for the efficient utilization of refractory iron ores and clarifies their mineralogical characteristics. The study further elucidates the thermodynamic foundations and kinetic reactions involved in magnetization roasting, detailing the mineral phase transformations that occur during the process. Additionally, it systematically summarizes conventional and novel magnetization roasting technologies, including shaft furnace roasting process, rotary kiln roasting process, suspension magnetization roasting process, microwave-assisted reduction roasting process, and biomass as a green reductant. The findings highlight the significant potential of magnetization roasting in improving the beneficiation of refractory iron ores, emphasizing its role in promoting sustainable industrial practices. Future research directions include optimizing process parameters, enhancing the understanding of reaction mechanisms, and scaling up the technology for industrial application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109219
Kunning Tang , Ying Da Wang , Peyman Mostaghimi , Yufu Niu , Ryan T. Armstrong , Yulai Zhang , Lachlan Deakin , Lydia Knuefing , Mark Knackstedt
The mineral composition, micro/nanostructure, and distribution of ore materials are commonly visualized, analyzed, and characterized using 2-dimensional (2D) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). While SEM offers sufficient resolution for nano-scale feature characterization, it is limited to 2D structural and property insights. Micro-CT allows for 3D structural analysis, but its resolution is inadequate for capturing fine features. Additionally, tomography involves a trade-off between resolution and field of view (FOV). Practical scales often involve ore samples ranging from 10 mm to 80 mm in diameter, but acquiring fine-scale information (1 ) typically reduces the sample diameter to 2 mm. To address these gaps, a super-resolution technique is proposed that integrates micro-CT at practical scales with fine-scale data. The method uses a segmentation-guided one-shot super-resolution network to bridge 2D SEM () and 3D micro-CT () for four Fe-rich ore particles with varying mineralogy, texture, and porosity. Testing on unseen micro-CT sections shows an error of 10% compared to SEM data. An algorithm is proposed to transform the 3D super-resolved images into coarsened partial volume maps that contain SEM scale information but retain the micro-CT length scale. Porosity calculated from the coarsened maps agrees with experimental measurements, differing by less than 1%. This proposed workflow effectively infers nanoscale information at the micro-CT scale, substantially enhancing ore characterization.
{"title":"Bridging micro-to-nano scales for metal ore characterization via one-shot super-resolution","authors":"Kunning Tang , Ying Da Wang , Peyman Mostaghimi , Yufu Niu , Ryan T. Armstrong , Yulai Zhang , Lachlan Deakin , Lydia Knuefing , Mark Knackstedt","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mineral composition, micro/nanostructure, and distribution of ore materials are commonly visualized, analyzed, and characterized using 2-dimensional (2D) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). While SEM offers sufficient resolution for nano-scale feature characterization, it is limited to 2D structural and property insights. Micro-CT allows for 3D structural analysis, but its resolution is inadequate for capturing fine features. Additionally, tomography involves a trade-off between resolution and field of view (FOV). Practical scales often involve ore samples ranging from 10 mm to 80 mm in diameter, but acquiring fine-scale information (<span><math><mo><</mo></math></span>1 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) typically reduces the sample diameter to 2 mm. To address these gaps, a super-resolution technique is proposed that integrates micro-CT at practical scales with fine-scale data. The method uses a segmentation-guided one-shot super-resolution network to bridge 2D SEM (<span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) and 3D micro-CT (<span><math><mrow><mn>6</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) for four Fe-rich ore particles with varying mineralogy, texture, and porosity. Testing on unseen micro-CT sections shows an error of <span><math><mo><</mo></math></span>10% compared to SEM data. An algorithm is proposed to transform the 3D super-resolved images into coarsened partial volume maps that contain SEM scale information but retain the micro-CT length scale. Porosity calculated from the coarsened maps agrees with experimental measurements, differing by less than 1%. This proposed workflow effectively infers nanoscale information at the micro-CT scale, substantially enhancing ore characterization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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