Exploring seed-based upcycled oils: types, extraction processes, and emerging applications.

The agri-food sector generates substantial by-products, particularly from fruits and vegetables, which often contribute to food waste. Among these by-products, seeds are frequently overlooked despite their high potential for valuable applications. Recognizing this unexplored potential, this literature review categorizes and describes various seed-based upcycled oils, highlighting their potential for commercial use and their nutritional benefits. Different extraction methods for these oils are introduced, and their diverse applications in the food industry are explored. The feasibility and potential of upcycling oil from seeds are discussed, emphasizing the need for further research to enhance practicality and widespread adoption. Key findings indicate that seed-based upcycled oils might be an eco-friendly solution for reducing food waste and promoting sustainable development within the food industry. However, challenges related to scalability, cost, quality, and safety must be addressed through continued research and multi-sectoral collaboration to realize their potential fully.