Tenebrio molitor proteins and peptides: Cutting-edge insights into bioactivity and expanded food applications

Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) is gaining attention as a promising alternative food source due to its ease of cultivation, high reproductive rate, and rich nutritional profile, establishing it as a superior protein source. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the preparation methods of T. molitor proteins and peptides, along with their diverse biological activities and applications in the food industry. T. molitor proteins and peptides exhibit a variety of important biological activities, thereby exerting positive effects on health. Although they can improve the nutritional value of food, they alter food quality characteristics such as texture and flavor, which in turn affects consumer acceptance. Future studies should focus on elucidating the mechanisms of action, improving consumer acceptance, and exploring synergies with other food ingredients to maximize their functional potential. The insights provided in this review contribute to a deeper understanding of T. molitor-derived proteins and peptides, offering valuable directions for future research in this field.