Dynamic changes in the avian gut microbiome in response to diverse lifestyles

Investigating the intestinal microbiome and its interactions with the host is crucial for understanding the adaptation mechanisms, functional dynamics and co-evolution of these microbiomes in wild birds. This review examines how gut microbiomes interact with their avian hosts, focusing on the establishment of gut microbiomes, the dynamic changes occurring throughout different life stages and the factors that influence microbial variations. It also explores the evolutionary relationship between birds and their microbial symbionts, and identifies key areas for future research on avian gut microbes to advance wildlife microbiology.