William Rickard, Imrul Hossain, Xiaoxian Zhang, Hannah V. Cooper, Sacha J. Mooney, Malcolm J. Hawkesford, W. Richard Whalley
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引用次数: 0
摘要
由于气候变化,干旱事件预计会增加,培育耐水胁迫的作物对于维持作物产量和满足日益增长的粮食需求至关重要。班尼特,2015)。在各种技术中,培育深根和改善根际的品种被认为是应对这一挑战的潜在解决方案(Lynch, 2013, 2019;Gao et al., 2016;Rabbi et al., 2018;Hallett et al., 2022)。然而,根系水分吸收不仅取决于根构型及其根际(Zhu et al., 2024),还取决于其他非生物和生物因素(Vadez, 2014;Q. Sun等人,2021)。因此,单靠根系形态表型分析和根际分析不足以确定植物的水分利用效率,了解其他根系性状对环境变化的响应也很重要(Vadez, 2014)。事实上,实验观察表明,当表层土壤干燥时,并非所有深根植物都能增加对深层土壤的吸水量(Prechsl et al., 2015;Rasmussen et al., 2020;Gessler et al., 2022;Deseano Diaz et al., 2023),最近的一项荟萃分析表明,根系深度不一定等同于根系吸水深度(Bachofen et al., 2024)。这表明存在其他机制调节根系从不同土层吸收水分(Kulmatiski &;胡子,2013)。植物水分上升是由土壤和叶片之间的水势梯度驱动的。植物通过改变不同器官的水力传导来调节这一过程(Bartlett et al., 2016)。在地面上,植物通过气孔关闭来应对水分胁迫(Hopmans &;布里斯托,2002;Carminati,Javaux, 2020;Corso等人,2020)和木质部栓塞(Loepfe等人,2007;Bartlett et al., 2016;Scoffoni et al., 2017;Gao等人,2020),而植物从田间不同土层中提取水分的策略仍然难以捉摸(k<s:1> hnhammer等人,2020)。根系水分吸收涉及两个不同但相互关联的过程:径向水流从根际进入根木质部导管,轴向水流通过木质部导管(Vadez, 2014)。与轴向水流相比,水从根际进入木质部的途径是多种复杂的(Steudle &;彼得森,1998;Johnson et al., 2014;Domec et al., 2021)。最近的研究表明,这些途径的阻力不仅控制着土壤-植物-大气系统中的水流,而且还控制着土壤干燥时的气孔关闭(Carminati &;Javaux, 2020;Abdalla等人,2021;Cai et al., 2022;Yang等人,2023)。调控径向根水力传导率对水分胁迫响应的分子和生物物理机制对单个根段(Maurel &;Nacry, 2020)。困难在于将这些发现外推到土壤水分时空变化的领域(Tardieu et al., 1992)。不像控制盆栽和水培实验,故意使根系的一部分脱水,并在有限的时间内使另一部分保持充分的水分。戴维斯,1987;Dodd et al., 2010;Kreszies等人,2020;Suresh et al., 2024),田间不同深度的根代表同一根系的不同部分或分支,其中浅根由于降水和灌溉不规律,经历周期性的干湿循环,而深根一般保持相对稳定和湿润的状态。研究发现,当表层土壤干燥时,地下土壤中的根系可以增加其吸水量作为补偿,这表明存在协调不同土壤深度根系吸水量的信号(Simunek &;Hopmans, 2009;Couvreur et al., 2012;Thomas et al., 2020)。理论模型表明,植物可以通过降低(更负的)根系水势或增加轴向根导率与径向根导率之比来增加地下土壤的吸水量(Draye et al., 2010)。然而,关于补偿性根系水分吸收的实验研究产生了不同的结果,有些发现了补偿性吸收(Johnson et al., 2014;Thomas et al., 2020;m<s:1> llers等人,2023),而其他研究表明,当浅根经历水分胁迫时,地下土壤水分吸收没有或有限增加(Gessler等人,2022;m<s:1> llers et al., 2023)。水分胁迫下的植物往往通过改变根系水力网络来调节水分吸收来维持水分状态(Clarkson et al., 2000;Maurel et al., 2010)。例如,柱形实验表明,在没有水分胁迫的情况下,一些植物的浅根比它们在底土中的根更有效地吸收水分(m<s:1> llers等)。 , 2022),而在水分胁迫下,植物降低了其浅根的水力导度,同时增加了其地下根系的水力导度,以维持蒸腾(m<s:1> llers等,2023)。大多数关于根系对水分胁迫响应的实验研究都集中在盆栽或水培系统中,通过施加有限时间的水分胁迫,植物根系水力导度的变化(Hu et al., 2011;m<s:1> llers et al., 2023)。在田间,植物经历周期性的水分胁迫,它们的根穿透得更深。由于实地测量的困难,人们对植物在田间应对这种周期性水分胁迫的策略知之甚少。本文旨在弥合这一知识鸿沟。研究了2022年4月1日至6月30日在小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)田和多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)为主的永久草地上不同深度连续测量和计算根系日吸水量、根系水势和径向根系渗透率的方法。在此期间,出现了两次显著的降雨事件。这使我们能够阐明两种植物系统用于应对周期性水分胁迫的策略以及它们使用这些策略的差异。
期刊介绍:
New Phytologist is an international electronic journal published 24 times a year. It is owned by the New Phytologist Foundation, a non-profit-making charitable organization dedicated to promoting plant science. The journal publishes excellent, novel, rigorous, and timely research and scholarship in plant science and its applications. The articles cover topics in five sections: Physiology & Development, Environment, Interaction, Evolution, and Transformative Plant Biotechnology. These sections encompass intracellular processes, global environmental change, and encourage cross-disciplinary approaches. The journal recognizes the use of techniques from molecular and cell biology, functional genomics, modeling, and system-based approaches in plant science. Abstracting and Indexing Information for New Phytologist includes Academic Search, AgBiotech News & Information, Agroforestry Abstracts, Biochemistry & Biophysics Citation Index, Botanical Pesticides, CAB Abstracts®, Environment Index, Global Health, and Plant Breeding Abstracts, and others.