Biodiversity consists of not only species richness, which is the number of species, but also evenness, the relative abundances of these species in a community. The idea that biodiversity influences ecosystem functioning and therefore ecosystem services is commonly accepted in ecology (Hooper et al., 2005). However, the effect of species evenness on ecosystem services has received much less attention than the effect of species richness (Zhang et al., 2012). When the relationships between species evenness and ecosystem services are analyzed, there is usually a focus on the direct and mediating effect in relationship to species richness on a single ecosystem service. In an article recently published in New Phytologist, Zhou et al. (2025; https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70771) considered six ecosystem services and evaluated the effect of biodiversity both by single service and a multiservice index. This study shows that evenness: (1) increased both nutrient cycling and microbial habitat; and (2) has both a direct positive effect on multiple ecosystem services and the relationship between species richness and multiple ecosystem services. Therefore, this study shows that evenness is an integral part of community structure affecting multiple ecosystem services in a boreal-temperate ecotone under climate change.
This consistency across multiple indices demonstrates that evenness captures a meaningful and reliable aspect of community structure, supporting its usefulness as an ecological concept.
生物多样性不仅包括物种丰富度，即物种的数量，还包括均匀度，即物种在一个群落中的相对丰度。生物多样性影响生态系统功能，从而影响生态系统服务的观点在生态学中被普遍接受（Hooper et al., 2005）。然而，物种均匀度对生态系统服务的影响远不及物种丰富度的影响（Zhang et al., 2012）。在分析物种均匀度与生态系统服务之间的关系时，通常侧重于物种丰富度关系对单一生态系统服务的直接和中介作用。Zhou等人（2025;https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70771）最近在New Phytologist上发表的一篇文章中考虑了六种生态系统服务，并通过单一服务和多服务指数评估了生物多样性的影响。研究表明：均匀性：(1)增加了养分循环和微生物栖息地；②物种丰富度对多种生态系统服务功能有直接的正向影响，物种丰富度与多种生态系统服务功能的关系也有正向影响。因此，本研究表明，在气候变化条件下，均匀度是影响北温带过渡带多种生态系统服务的群落结构的重要组成部分。这种跨多个指数的一致性表明，均匀性捕获了群落结构的一个有意义和可靠的方面，支持了它作为一个生态概念的有用性。
{"title":"Even evenness is important: the direct and mediating effects of species abundances for ecosystem services","authors":"Iris Hordijk","doi":"10.1111/nph.71101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71101","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Biodiversity consists of not only species richness, which is the number of species, but also evenness, the relative abundances of these species in a community. The idea that biodiversity influences ecosystem functioning and therefore ecosystem services is commonly accepted in ecology (Hooper <i>et al</i>., <span>2005</span>). However, the effect of species evenness on ecosystem services has received much less attention than the effect of species richness (Zhang <i>et al</i>., <span>2012</span>). When the relationships between species evenness and ecosystem services are analyzed, there is usually a focus on the direct and mediating effect in relationship to species richness on a single ecosystem service. In an article recently published in <i>New Phytologist</i>, Zhou <i>et al</i>. (<span>2025</span>; https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70771) considered six ecosystem services and evaluated the effect of biodiversity both by single service and a multiservice index. This study shows that evenness: (1) increased both nutrient cycling and microbial habitat; and (2) has both a direct positive effect on multiple ecosystem services and the relationship between species richness and multiple ecosystem services. Therefore, this study shows that evenness is an integral part of community structure affecting multiple ecosystem services in a boreal-temperate ecotone under climate change. <blockquote><p><i>This consistency across multiple indices demonstrates that evenness captures a meaningful and reliable aspect of community structure, supporting its usefulness as an ecological concept</i>.</p>\u0000<div></div>\u0000</blockquote>\u0000</div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Newton Tran, Marvin Lo, Meghan G. Midgley, Ray Dybzinski, Ella C. Segal, Charles H. Cannon, Chai-Shian Kua, Christine R. Rollinson, Colleen M. Iversen, M. Luke McCormack
<h2> Introduction</h2> <p>Limited water availability is a common stress factor affecting tree growth and survival. Despite wide differences in available water observed across arid to mesic and wet ecosystems, most trees around the world operate at or near their hydraulic tolerances (Allen <i>et al</i>., <span>2010</span>; Choat <i>et al</i>., <span>2012</span>). This indicates that not only are trees in arid systems at risk of hydraulic failure but also even trees in relatively mesic areas are likely to experience losses in productivity associated with local declines in water availability. As such, reductions in tree water transport and photosynthesis in response to mild and moderate drought events can strongly limit productivity and ecosystem function (Klos <i>et al</i>., <span>2009</span>). These droughts may occur on a near annual basis and therefore play an important role in shaping local species assemblages, ecosystem productivity, and forest resilience.</p> <p>Previous studies have focused aboveground and identified multiple strategies trees use to cope with reductions in water availability, including anatomical, morphological, and physiological adaptations in leaves and conductive tissues. For example, some plant species construct small diameter vessels or tracheary elements or elements with increased wall thickening capable of withstanding cavitation at increasingly negative water potentials (Hacke & Sperry, <span>2001</span>), as is common in anisohydric species. These differences in wood anatomy are commonly grouped into diffuse porous and ring porous, both associated with angiosperms, as well as tracheary elements in most gymnosperms, and variation in xylem traits in relation to drought tolerance has been a key focus of plant hydraulic research for many decades (Tyree & Ewers, <span>1991</span>; Sperry <i>et al</i>., <span>2008</span>). Alternatively, plants can exert more active and rapid control over their stomata allowing them to close these gas exchange sites, thereby limiting excessive water loss and maintaining higher and more stable water potentials (i.e. isohydric) even with high vapor pressure deficits (VPD; Martínez-Vilalta & Garcia-Forner, <span>2017</span>). Additional strategies include osmotic adjustments, different leaf morphologies, cuticular waxes, robust xylem anatomy, and many other strategies to cope with increasing water stress (Maseda & Fernández, <span>2006</span>; Barrios-Masias <i>et al</i>., <span>2015</span>; Polle <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>). However, none of these adaptations can prevent or compensate for reduced photosynthetic gain as stomata are progressively closed and water conductance declines. Therefore, maintaining high rates of photosynthesis relies on maintaining effective water uptake and movement through the plant.</p> <p>Leaves and roots are directly coupled by a common hydraulic architecture, and belowground water uptake and transport have direct implications for abovegrou
有限的水分供应是影响树木生长和生存的常见胁迫因素。尽管在干旱、湿润和湿润的生态系统中观测到的有效水分存在很大差异，但世界上大多数树木都在其水力耐受范围内或附近运行（Allen et al., 2010; Choat et al., 2012）。这表明，不仅干旱系统中的树木面临水力衰竭的风险，而且即使是相对湿润地区的树木也可能因当地可用水量下降而遭受生产力损失。因此，在轻度和中度干旱事件下，树木水分运输和光合作用的减少会严重限制生产力和生态系统功能（Klos等，2009）。这些干旱可能几乎每年发生一次，因此在塑造当地物种组合、生态系统生产力和森林恢复力方面发挥着重要作用。以前的研究主要集中在地上，并确定了树木用来应对水分供应减少的多种策略，包括叶片和传导组织的解剖、形态和生理适应。例如，一些植物物种构建了小直径的血管或管状元件或壁增厚的元件，能够在越来越负的水势下承受空化（hack & Sperry, 2001），这在各向异性物种中很常见。木材解剖结构的这些差异通常分为弥散多孔和环状多孔，两者都与被子植物和大多数裸子植物的管状成分有关，木质部性状与耐旱性的变化一直是几十年来植物水力研究的重点（Tyree & Ewers, 1991； Sperry等人，2008）。另外，植物可以对气孔施加更积极和快速的控制，使它们能够关闭这些气体交换位点，从而限制过多的水分损失，并在高蒸汽压赤字的情况下保持更高和更稳定的水势（即等水）（VPD; Martínez-Vilalta & Garcia-Forner, 2017）。其他策略包括渗透调节、不同的叶片形态、角质层蜡质、强大的木质部解剖结构以及许多其他应对日益增加的水分胁迫的策略（Maseda & Fernández, 2006； Barrios-Masias等人，2015；Polle等人，2019）。然而，这些适应都不能防止或补偿由于气孔逐渐关闭和水导度下降而减少的光合作用增益。因此，维持高速率的光合作用依赖于维持有效的水分吸收和通过植物的运动。叶和根通过共同的水力结构直接耦合，地下水的吸收和运输直接影响地上水的使用。作为植物与土壤水分的主要接触点，细根在决定整个植物对干旱的反应中应该发挥关键作用。最近的研究表明，茎和叶对空化的水力阻力与根部木质部在土壤干燥时抵抗空化和维持水分运输的能力密切相关（Rodriguez-Dominguez et al., 2018）。根系水分输送的下降也与随后的气孔关闭直接相关，这进一步强调了根系水分状况的重要性（Rodriguez-Dominguez & Brodribb, 2020）。尽管根系过程与整株水分利用之间存在密切联系，但我们对不同的生根策略如何调节整株树对水分可用性减少的反应的认识有限（Garbowski等，2020）。实际上，即使土壤湿度下降，植物也可能采用一系列不同的地下适应性来有效地获取水分，并确保根部的正水分平衡（Brunner et al., 2015）。许多先前的研究都集中在深根作为植物应对严重干旱或长期缺水的关键策略的作用上（Fan et al., 2017; Stocker et al., 2021）。然而，在大多数根系生长的相对较浅的土壤中（例如≤50厘米深）也可以实现有效的吸水，这些策略可能是确定植物对温和干旱条件反应的关键。事实上，与深根相比，浅根的吸水率通常更高，只要有足够的资源，浅根就成为吸水的主要场所（m<e:1>勒斯等人，2022）。在他们的综述中，Comas等人（2013）考虑了一套可能增强植物抗旱性的潜在根系性状。两种主要的可能性包括在整个植株水平上进行调整，以增加地下分配和维持更大的根系，以及在单个细根水平上进行调整（如根系形态）。 首先，更大的根系可以使土壤水分的总体吸收更大，要么有更大的总直立根系生物量，更大的总直立根系长度，或者两者兼有，因为它们填满并探索了更多的总土壤体积（Herkelrath et al., 1977; Taylor & Klepper, 1979）。因此，建议提高根冠比以提高植物抗旱性，尽管这在作物植物中最常见（Jin et al., 2018; Mathew et al., 2019）。其次，个体细根的形态可以适应更有效地探索土壤体积和/或与土壤保持更大的水力连通性。有效的探索通常与更具获取性的根形态相关，其特征是具有高比根长度（SRL，单位根质量根长度，m2 g−1）、高比根面积（SRA，单位根质量根面积，m2 g−1）和较小的根直径（Eissenstat, 1992; Freschet et al., 2021）。这些根系通常也有很高的能力来探索每单位资源投资于根系建设和维护的土壤体积。此外，高SRL/低直径根系往往具有较少的皮质组织，这可能有利于更高的径向导电性，并且更能抵抗收缩和与土壤的水力连接的丧失（Huang & Eissenstat, 2000； Carminati等人，2009；Cuneo等人，2016；Bartlett等人，2022）。不幸的是，大多数先前的研究都集中在一个或几个物种上，并且对于细根性状的种间变异如何导致不同树种对干旱胁迫的反应的广泛差异知之甚少。我们在这项研究中的目的是更好地了解地下生根策略如何影响温带树木对干旱条件的特定反应。我们提出了三个假设来评估根系性状和液流减少之间的潜在关系，以响应夏季土壤水分有效性的下降。茎液流提供了树木水分传导率的直接测量。首先，我们假设具有较大的细根总长度和较大的细根生物量的树木，或者相对于直立的地上植被（即较小的地上和地下比例）具有较大的细根长度和生物量的树木，在响应定义的干旱条件（H1）时，最大日液流率的减少较少，因为较大的根系应该探索和获取更大的土壤体积。其次，我们假设具有更有效或“获取”生根策略的树木对中度干旱的耐受性更强（H2）。具体而言，我们预计SRL和SRA较高、细根直径较窄的树木会保持较高的相对液流速率，而SRL和SRA较低、细根直径较粗的树木随着土壤湿度的降低，液流的减少幅度较大。第三，我们假设根系性状减轻干旱引起的树木水分运动减少的潜力将随着干旱条件（H3）的加剧而减弱，因为上层土壤的水势达到了需要替代吸水策略（即获取更深的水）的阈值。为了验证我们的假设，我们对单株树木和成熟树木的茎液流进行了3年的监测，并量化了在轻度干旱（即土壤湿度比水分充足的条件下降10%）和严重干旱（即减少超过10%）下最大液流的减少。然后，我们将这些减少量与总直立根生物量和长度以及单个根形态特征进行了比较。我们的研究包括10种不同的树种，具有等水和各向异性策略的代表，以及具有不同木质部解剖结构（管胞、环孔或弥漫孔）和根菌根关联（丛枝或外生菌根）的物种。这使我们能够在广泛相关的物种混合和一系列著名的水力策略中评估液流和不同生根策略之间的关系。
{"title":"Acquisitive root exploration strategies help maintain higher peak sap flux rates during summer drought, but more root biomass does not","authors":"Newton Tran, Marvin Lo, Meghan G. Midgley, Ray Dybzinski, Ella C. Segal, Charles H. Cannon, Chai-Shian Kua, Christine R. Rollinson, Colleen M. Iversen, M. Luke McCormack","doi":"10.1111/nph.71088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71088","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000<p>Limited water availability is a common stress factor affecting tree growth and survival. Despite wide differences in available water observed across arid to mesic and wet ecosystems, most trees around the world operate at or near their hydraulic tolerances (Allen <i>et al</i>., <span>2010</span>; Choat <i>et al</i>., <span>2012</span>). This indicates that not only are trees in arid systems at risk of hydraulic failure but also even trees in relatively mesic areas are likely to experience losses in productivity associated with local declines in water availability. As such, reductions in tree water transport and photosynthesis in response to mild and moderate drought events can strongly limit productivity and ecosystem function (Klos <i>et al</i>., <span>2009</span>). These droughts may occur on a near annual basis and therefore play an important role in shaping local species assemblages, ecosystem productivity, and forest resilience.</p>\u0000<p>Previous studies have focused aboveground and identified multiple strategies trees use to cope with reductions in water availability, including anatomical, morphological, and physiological adaptations in leaves and conductive tissues. For example, some plant species construct small diameter vessels or tracheary elements or elements with increased wall thickening capable of withstanding cavitation at increasingly negative water potentials (Hacke & Sperry, <span>2001</span>), as is common in anisohydric species. These differences in wood anatomy are commonly grouped into diffuse porous and ring porous, both associated with angiosperms, as well as tracheary elements in most gymnosperms, and variation in xylem traits in relation to drought tolerance has been a key focus of plant hydraulic research for many decades (Tyree & Ewers, <span>1991</span>; Sperry <i>et al</i>., <span>2008</span>). Alternatively, plants can exert more active and rapid control over their stomata allowing them to close these gas exchange sites, thereby limiting excessive water loss and maintaining higher and more stable water potentials (i.e. isohydric) even with high vapor pressure deficits (VPD; Martínez-Vilalta & Garcia-Forner, <span>2017</span>). Additional strategies include osmotic adjustments, different leaf morphologies, cuticular waxes, robust xylem anatomy, and many other strategies to cope with increasing water stress (Maseda & Fernández, <span>2006</span>; Barrios-Masias <i>et al</i>., <span>2015</span>; Polle <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>). However, none of these adaptations can prevent or compensate for reduced photosynthetic gain as stomata are progressively closed and water conductance declines. Therefore, maintaining high rates of photosynthesis relies on maintaining effective water uptake and movement through the plant.</p>\u0000<p>Leaves and roots are directly coupled by a common hydraulic architecture, and belowground water uptake and transport have direct implications for abovegrou","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuanlin Gao, Shuaizu An, Zemin Ma, Mengyuan Chen, Wenya Xie, Ming Li, Feng Yu, Shiyou Lü, Lei Zhou, Aiqing You, Pingfang Yang, Yinggen Ke
Data availability
Gene sequence data from this article can be found in The Rice Annotation Project Database under the following accession nos. WRKY53 (LOC_Os05g27730), CatA (LOC_Os02g02400), CatB (LOC_Os06g51150), CatC (LOC_Os03g03910), and OsNTL3 (LOC_Os01g15640).
{"title":"The OsNTL3-WRKY53-CatA module confers thermotolerance in rice","authors":"Xuanlin Gao, Shuaizu An, Zemin Ma, Mengyuan Chen, Wenya Xie, Ming Li, Feng Yu, Shiyou Lü, Lei Zhou, Aiqing You, Pingfang Yang, Yinggen Ke","doi":"10.1111/nph.71125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71125","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Data availability</h2>\u0000<p>Gene sequence data from this article can be found in The Rice Annotation Project Database under the following accession nos. <i>WRKY53</i> (LOC_Os05g27730), <i>CatA</i> (LOC_Os02g02400), <i>CatB</i> (LOC_Os06g51150), <i>CatC</i> (LOC_Os03g03910), and <i>OsNTL3</i> (LOC_Os01g15640).</p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytochromes (PHYs) are a major group of photoreceptors, described as red and far-red light sensors in land plants. Recent genomic and metagenomic explorations have revealed the presence of PHYs also in various eukaryotic microalgae originating from distinct endosymbiotic events. Growing evidence indicates that these PHYs are spectrally and functionally tuned to shorter wavelengths, which are prevalent in the aquatic environments as depth increases. Investigations using emerging phytoplankton model species, along with environmental surveys, are uncovering new PHY-mediated responses that likely influence their growth and distribution in marine environments. This Tansley Insight explores the implications of these discoveries for understanding the evolution and functional significance of this major photoreceptor class in the upper ocean, where light drives both energy and information flow.
{"title":"Beyond red/far-red sensing: phytochrome perception of the marine light field by microalgae","authors":"Carole Duchêne, Marianne Jaubert, Angela Falciatore","doi":"10.1111/nph.71128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71128","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochromes (PHYs) are a major group of photoreceptors, described as red and far-red light sensors in land plants. Recent genomic and metagenomic explorations have revealed the presence of PHYs also in various eukaryotic microalgae originating from distinct endosymbiotic events. Growing evidence indicates that these PHYs are spectrally and functionally tuned to shorter wavelengths, which are prevalent in the aquatic environments as depth increases. Investigations using emerging phytoplankton model species, along with environmental surveys, are uncovering new PHY-mediated responses that likely influence their growth and distribution in marine environments. This Tansley Insight explores the implications of these discoveries for understanding the evolution and functional significance of this major photoreceptor class in the upper ocean, where light drives both energy and information flow.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feiyun Xu, Lu Tong, Fan Ding, Ke Wang, Peilin Li, Mengqiang Xu, Chuqi Bai, Zhen Chen, Jin Li, Yaoqing Xie, Haohan Wang, Qian Zhang, Jianping Liu, Yiyong Zhu, Jiayin Pang, Weifeng Xu
Summary Organic phosphorus (P), which accounts for c. 50% of total soil P, is not directly available for plant uptake and must be first mineralized. Plasma membrane (PM) H + ‐ATPase facilitates the mobilization of insoluble inorganic P by energizing the release of organic anions from roots. However, its role in modulating the rhizosphere microbiome to facilitate soil organic P mineralization remains unclear. To address the gap, we investigated the role of PM H + ‐ATPase in recruiting microbiota for soil organic P mineralization through high‐throughput sequencing and metabolite analysis. Under low P (LP) conditions in nonsterilized soil, wild‐type (WT) rice seedlings exhibited 59%, 73%, and 66% greater shoot P concentration than three PM H + ‐ATPase gene OsA1 mutants, that is, osa1‐1 , osa1‐2 , and osa1‐3 , respectively. Such growth advantage reduced to 33%, 47%, and 39% in sterilized soil, suggesting a microbial contribution. Under LP conditions, organic P mineralization efficiency in the WT rhizosphere was four times greater than under normal P (NP) conditions, whereas no significant difference was observed in the osa1‐1 mutant. The abundance of Bacillus was significantly higher in the WT rhizosphere than in osa1‐1 under LP. Compared with the osa1‐1 rice, WT exhibits significantly higher malate concentration, which could stimulate the growth of Bacillus cereus . Inoculation with B. cereus significantly increased P uptake in both WT and OsA1 mutants compared with the uninoculated control under LP. Together, these findings suggest that OsA1 promoted soil organic P mineralization by recruiting Bacillus through malate exudation. This highlights a cooperative interaction between PM H + ‐ATPase and the rhizosphere microbiome, with important implications for enhancing soil organic P mineralization and P‐use efficiency in rice production.
有机磷(P)占土壤总磷的约50%，不能直接供植物吸收，必须先矿化。质膜（PM） H +‐atp酶通过激活根部有机阴离子的释放来促进不溶性无机磷的动员。然而，其在调节根际微生物群促进土壤有机磷矿化中的作用尚不清楚。为了解决这一空白，我们通过高通量测序和代谢物分析研究了PM H +‐atp酶在募集土壤有机磷矿化微生物群中的作用。在低磷（LP）条件下，野生型（WT）水稻幼苗的茎部磷浓度比三种PM H + - atp酶基因OsA1突变体（即OsA1‐1、OsA1‐2和OsA1‐3）分别高出59%、73%和66%。在无菌土壤中，这种生长优势分别下降到33%、47%和39%，表明微生物的作用。在低磷条件下，WT根际有机磷矿化效率是正常磷（NP）条件下的4倍，而在osa1‐1突变体中没有观察到显著差异。在LP条件下，WT根际中芽孢杆菌的丰度显著高于osa1‐1根际。与osa1‐1水稻相比，WT的苹果酸浓度显著提高，可以促进蜡样芽孢杆菌的生长。在LP条件下，与未接种对照相比，接种蜡样芽孢杆菌显著增加了WT和OsA1突变体对磷的吸收。综上所述，OsA1通过苹果酸盐渗出招募芽孢杆菌促进土壤有机磷矿化。这突出了PM H + - atp酶与根际微生物群之间的合作相互作用，对提高土壤有机磷矿化和水稻生产中磷的利用效率具有重要意义。
{"title":"Plasma membrane H + ‐ ATPase OsA1 enhances soil organic phosphorus mineralization via Bacillus cereus recruitment in rice","authors":"Feiyun Xu, Lu Tong, Fan Ding, Ke Wang, Peilin Li, Mengqiang Xu, Chuqi Bai, Zhen Chen, Jin Li, Yaoqing Xie, Haohan Wang, Qian Zhang, Jianping Liu, Yiyong Zhu, Jiayin Pang, Weifeng Xu","doi":"10.1111/nph.71115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71115","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> Organic phosphorus (P), which accounts for <jats:italic>c.</jats:italic> 50% of total soil P, is not directly available for plant uptake and must be first mineralized. Plasma membrane (PM) H <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ‐ATPase facilitates the mobilization of insoluble inorganic P by energizing the release of organic anions from roots. However, its role in modulating the rhizosphere microbiome to facilitate soil organic P mineralization remains unclear. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> To address the gap, we investigated the role of PM H <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ‐ATPase in recruiting microbiota for soil organic P mineralization through high‐throughput sequencing and metabolite analysis. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Under low P (LP) conditions in nonsterilized soil, wild‐type (WT) rice seedlings exhibited 59%, 73%, and 66% greater shoot P concentration than three PM H <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ‐ATPase gene <jats:italic>OsA1</jats:italic> mutants, that is, <jats:italic>osa1‐1</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>osa1‐2</jats:italic> , and <jats:italic>osa1‐3</jats:italic> , respectively. Such growth advantage reduced to 33%, 47%, and 39% in sterilized soil, suggesting a microbial contribution. Under LP conditions, organic P mineralization efficiency in the WT rhizosphere was four times greater than under normal P (NP) conditions, whereas no significant difference was observed in the <jats:italic>osa1‐1</jats:italic> mutant. The abundance of <jats:italic>Bacillus</jats:italic> was significantly higher in the WT rhizosphere than in <jats:italic>osa1‐1</jats:italic> under LP. Compared with the <jats:italic>osa1‐1</jats:italic> rice, WT exhibits significantly higher malate concentration, which could stimulate the growth of <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus</jats:italic> . Inoculation with <jats:italic>B. cereus</jats:italic> significantly increased P uptake in both WT and <jats:italic>OsA1</jats:italic> mutants compared with the uninoculated control under LP. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Together, these findings suggest that <jats:italic>OsA1</jats:italic> promoted soil organic P mineralization by recruiting <jats:italic>Bacillus</jats:italic> through malate exudation. This highlights a cooperative interaction between PM H <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ‐ATPase and the rhizosphere microbiome, with important implications for enhancing soil organic P mineralization and P‐use efficiency in rice production. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Einar Baldvin Haraldsson,Michael Anokye,Thea Rütjes,Helena Toegelová,Zuzana Tulpová,Hana Šimková,Jia-Wu Feng,Martin Mascher,Maria von Korff
Wild crop relatives are valuable genetic resources for improving stress adaptation in cultivated species, but their effective use depends on high-quality reference genomes integrated with phenotypic and molecular datasets. Hordeum erectifolium, a wild relative of barley (H. vulgare), is adapted to intermittent and prolonged drought and saline soils, making it an excellent species for stress-adaptation research. We assembled a chromosome-scale, annotated reference genome of H. erectifolium comprising 3.85 Gbp, and identified 71 475 genes supported by a tissue-specific gene expression atlas. Comparative morphological, physiological and transcriptomic analyses under water limitation were conducted with H. erectifolium, and cultivated and wild barley. Hordeum erectifolium displayed a greater density of leaf veins and sclerenchyma cells, alongside rapid leaf rolling upon dehydration. Genomic comparisons revealed structural variations, independent transposon-driven evolution and copy number expansions of desiccation-responsive gene families relative to barley. The transcriptional responses of H. erectifolium and barley to water limitation suggested contrasting drought-adaptation strategies: metabolic downregulation and survival prioritization in H. erectifolium vs maintenance of metabolic activity and competitiveness in barley. Our data suggest that H. erectifolium is genetically primed for survival under drought through anatomical adaptations, gene family expansion, efficient shutdown of growth-related metabolism and rapid recovery upon rehydration.
{"title":"A chromosome-scale genome assembly of Hordeum erectifolium: genomic, transcriptomic and anatomical adaptations to drought in a wild barley relative.","authors":"Einar Baldvin Haraldsson,Michael Anokye,Thea Rütjes,Helena Toegelová,Zuzana Tulpová,Hana Šimková,Jia-Wu Feng,Martin Mascher,Maria von Korff","doi":"10.1111/nph.71091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71091","url":null,"abstract":"Wild crop relatives are valuable genetic resources for improving stress adaptation in cultivated species, but their effective use depends on high-quality reference genomes integrated with phenotypic and molecular datasets. Hordeum erectifolium, a wild relative of barley (H. vulgare), is adapted to intermittent and prolonged drought and saline soils, making it an excellent species for stress-adaptation research. We assembled a chromosome-scale, annotated reference genome of H. erectifolium comprising 3.85 Gbp, and identified 71 475 genes supported by a tissue-specific gene expression atlas. Comparative morphological, physiological and transcriptomic analyses under water limitation were conducted with H. erectifolium, and cultivated and wild barley. Hordeum erectifolium displayed a greater density of leaf veins and sclerenchyma cells, alongside rapid leaf rolling upon dehydration. Genomic comparisons revealed structural variations, independent transposon-driven evolution and copy number expansions of desiccation-responsive gene families relative to barley. The transcriptional responses of H. erectifolium and barley to water limitation suggested contrasting drought-adaptation strategies: metabolic downregulation and survival prioritization in H. erectifolium vs maintenance of metabolic activity and competitiveness in barley. Our data suggest that H. erectifolium is genetically primed for survival under drought through anatomical adaptations, gene family expansion, efficient shutdown of growth-related metabolism and rapid recovery upon rehydration.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gilberto Alemán-Sancheschúlz,Tommaso Anfodillo,Ana Isabel Pérez-Maussán,María Magdalena Ayala-Hernández,Mark E Olson
The hydraulic architecture of plants is often modeled as a 'furcating' network, in which xylem conduits proliferate in number toward the stem apex, analogous to animal circulatory systems. Yet whether furcation actually occurs within woody stems remains untested, despite major implications for carbon costs and hydraulic efficiency. We measured the number and diameter of functional xylem conduits at the base and tip of unbranched stem segments in 112 woody species spanning 57 families and 31 orders. Standard and phylogenetically informed regressions were used to evaluate relationships between conduit number, stem length, and tip-to-base conduit widening. Conduit number remained constant between base and tip, showing no evidence of furcation, whereas conduit diameter increased predictably with distance from the apex, with a slope of 0.22, closely matching theoretical expectations for hydraulically optimal widening. These results support a 'Widened Pipe Model' of xylem architecture, in which conductance is maintained through conduit widening rather than multiplication. We suggest that the absence of furcation suggests that da Vinci's rule of area-preserving branching does not apply within stems, emphasizing the need to revisit core assumptions in models of tree hydraulic design.
{"title":"Da Vinci's mischief: xylem conduits in the stems of woody plants do not furcate.","authors":"Gilberto Alemán-Sancheschúlz,Tommaso Anfodillo,Ana Isabel Pérez-Maussán,María Magdalena Ayala-Hernández,Mark E Olson","doi":"10.1111/nph.71097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71097","url":null,"abstract":"The hydraulic architecture of plants is often modeled as a 'furcating' network, in which xylem conduits proliferate in number toward the stem apex, analogous to animal circulatory systems. Yet whether furcation actually occurs within woody stems remains untested, despite major implications for carbon costs and hydraulic efficiency. We measured the number and diameter of functional xylem conduits at the base and tip of unbranched stem segments in 112 woody species spanning 57 families and 31 orders. Standard and phylogenetically informed regressions were used to evaluate relationships between conduit number, stem length, and tip-to-base conduit widening. Conduit number remained constant between base and tip, showing no evidence of furcation, whereas conduit diameter increased predictably with distance from the apex, with a slope of 0.22, closely matching theoretical expectations for hydraulically optimal widening. These results support a 'Widened Pipe Model' of xylem architecture, in which conductance is maintained through conduit widening rather than multiplication. We suggest that the absence of furcation suggests that da Vinci's rule of area-preserving branching does not apply within stems, emphasizing the need to revisit core assumptions in models of tree hydraulic design.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How ecological lifestyle rewires the architecture of photoprotection across the green lineage.","authors":"EonSeon Jin","doi":"10.1111/nph.71106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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