New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"Building microbial synthetic communities: get inspired by the design of synthetic plant communities","authors":"Paloma Durán, Fabienne Vailleau, Fabrice Roux","doi":"10.1111/nph.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70011","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, the generation of host-associated microbial culture collections has allowed the fine disentangling of complex relationships between commensal microbes and their hosts, and within-microbiota interactions. Specifically, these culture collections have been used to construct microbial synthetic communities (SynComs), which allow the reconstruction of host microbiota in laboratory conditions. In three recent perspective publications, the importance of this tool has been highlighted, and the ground rules of utilization and designing of such SynComs have been laid out. It is important to note that although microbial SynComs are used to understand intricate ecological interactions occurring in natural conditions, the intraspecific genetic diversity present in natural microbial communities has been seldom considered in the design of interspecific microbial SynComs so far. In this Viewpoint, we therefore argue that designing microbial SynComs could benefit from recent developments in the design of synthetic plant communities, or plant SynComs. For instance, considering intraspecific plant genetic diversity and its effects on intra- and interspecific plant–plant interactions appears essential to better understand and predict highly productive and stable plant communities. Therefore, considering genetic diversity within microbial species undoubtedly represents an exciting opportunity to design innovative microbial SynComs.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CsTCP14-CsIAA4 module-mediated repression of auxin signaling regulates citrus somatic embryogenesis","authors":"Peng-Bo Wang, Yao-Yuan Duan, Ru-Meng Quan, Meng-Qi Feng, Jie Ren, Yong-Yu Tang, Mei Qing, Kai-Dong Xie, Wen-Wu Guo, Xiao-Meng Wu","doi":"10.1111/nph.20442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20442","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an important <i>in vitro</i> regeneration approach for plants, especially in biotechnological manipulations. However, SE capability is difficult to modulate and deteriorates over time. Glycerol medium is effective in SE induction of citrus, while the mechanisms remain unclear.</li>\u0000<li>We found that auxin signaling reduced soon after the citrus embryogenic callus (EC) was transferred to glycerol medium, and the expression of <i>CsTCP14</i> and <i>AUX/IAA</i> gene <i>CsIAA4</i> was induced by glycerol. Overexpression of <i>CsIAAm</i> that encodes a stable indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) protein suppressed auxin signaling in EC and enhanced SE. CsTCP14 bound to the promoter of <i>CsIAA4</i> and activate <i>CsIAA4</i> expression in EC with strong SE competence. Overexpression of <i>CsTCP14</i> activated <i>CsIAA4</i> expression and reduced auxin signaling in citrus EC, and thus enhanced SE.</li>\u0000<li>Application of exogenous IAA inhibits SE, while the auxin signaling inhibitor <i>p</i>-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB) enhances SE in citrus. The SE enhancement effect of <i>CsIAA4</i> and <i>CsTCP14</i> overexpression on EC was alleviated by exogenous IAA, but reinforced by PCIB.</li>\u0000<li>We uncover the regulatory pathway of <i>CsTCP14-CsIAA4</i> module-mediated repression of auxin signaling in glycerol-induced citrus SE, which deepens our understanding of SE mechanisms in plants and supports modulation of SE in citrus breeding via biotechnological approaches.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural neopolyploids: a stimulus for novel research","authors":"Patrick P. Edger, Douglas E. Soltis, Shunsuke Yoshioka, Mario Vallejo‐Marin, Rie Shimizu‐Inatsugi, Kentaro K. Shimizu, Armel Salmon, Simon Hiscock, Malika Ainouche, Pamela S. Soltis","doi":"10.1111/nph.20437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20437","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryRecently formed allopolyploid species offer unprecedented insights into the early stages of polyploid evolution. This review examines seven well‐studied neopolyploids (we use ‘neopolyploid’ to refer to very recently formed polyploids, i.e. during the past 300 years), spanning different angiosperm families, exploring commonalities and differences in their evolutionary trajectories. Each neopolyploid provides a unique case study, demonstrating both shared patterns, such as rapid genomic and phenotypic changes, and unique responses to hybridization and genome doubling. While previous studies of these neopolyploids have improved our understanding of polyploidy, significant knowledge gaps remain, highlighting the need for further research into the varied impacts of whole‐genome duplication on gene expression, epigenetic modifications, and ecological interactions. Notably, all of these neopolyploids have spontaneously arisen due to human activity in natural environments, underscoring the profound consequences of polyploidization in a rapidly changing world. Understanding the immediate effects of polyploidy is crucial not only for evolutionary biology but also for applied practices, as polyploidy can lead to novel traits, as well as stress tolerance and increased crop yields. Future research directions include investigating the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying polyploid evolution, as well as exploring the potential of neopolyploids for crop improvement and environmental adaptation.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bryo‐delic! Diverse bibenzyl cannabinoids in the liverwort Radula marginata","authors":"Philip Carella","doi":"10.1111/nph.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70026","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;Cannabinoids are a class of structurally diverse compounds with psychotropic activity in animals. As their name implies, cannabinoids were first derived from the medicinally and culturally relevant plant &lt;i&gt;Cannabis sativa&lt;/i&gt;, whose once maligned status has seen a recent resurgence in many parts of the world. This has brought with it a renewed interest in exploring the genetic and chemical diversity of cannabinoids that evolved within &lt;i&gt;C. sativa&lt;/i&gt; and across disparate clades of land plants. In an article recently published in &lt;i&gt;New Phytologist&lt;/i&gt;, Andre &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;, doi: 10.1111/nph.20349) explore the diversity of cannabinoid-like metabolites produced by the leafy liverwort &lt;i&gt;Radula marginata&lt;/i&gt;. Belonging to the bryophyte lineage of nonvascular/nonseed plants, &lt;i&gt;R. marginata&lt;/i&gt; and other liverworts diverged from flowering plants such as &lt;i&gt;C. sativa&lt;/i&gt; over 450 Ma. Intriguingly, this liverwort produces a diverse class of bibenzyl compounds with structural similarities to prominent cannabinoids from &lt;i&gt;Cannabis&lt;/i&gt;, making it an important experimental system to explore the chemical and genetic diversity underpinning the independent evolution of cannabinoids in the plant kingdom. &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘The chemical and ecological insights provided by Andre &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. significantly expand our understanding of cannabinoid structural diversity in a divergent land plant lineage.’&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;/blockquote&gt;\u0000&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Phytocannabinoids are the active ingredients in cannabis extracts, with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) metabolites representing the two major subclasses with medicinal and economic value (Reekie &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Early investigations of cannabinoid compounds prompted the discovery of human cannabinoid receptors and the endocannabinoid system, which has diverse roles in immunity and the nervous system (Ligresti &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). Despite their prominent association with the plant &lt;i&gt;Cannabis sativa&lt;/i&gt;, cannabinoids have been isolated from a wider evolutionary spectrum of organisms, including other clades of flowering plants (&lt;i&gt;Helichrysum umbraculigerum&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Glycyrrhiza foetida&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Amorpha fruticosa&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Rhododendron dauricum&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Rhododendron anthopogonoides&lt;/i&gt;), nonflowering plants belonging to the &lt;i&gt;Radula&lt;/i&gt; genus of liverworts (&lt;i&gt;Radula marginata&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;R. perrottetii&lt;/i&gt;), and even fungi (&lt;i&gt;Albatrellus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Cylindrocarpon olidum&lt;/i&gt;) (Gülck &amp; Møller, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Among these cannabinoid producers, &lt;i&gt;Radula&lt;/i&gt; liverworts are notable for the inverted stereoconfigurations of their cannabinoids relative to other organisms.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;The cannabinoid-like molecule &lt;i&gt;cis&lt;/i&gt;-perrottetine (&lt;i&gt;cis&lt;/i&gt;-PET) was first identified in &lt;i&gt;R. perottetii&lt;/i&gt; liverworts in Japan and is a structural analog of (−)-Δ9-&lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt;-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-&lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt;-THC) (Toyota &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;1994&lt;/span&gt;). Since the","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symplastic guard cell connections buffer pressure fluctuations to promote stomatal function in grasses","authors":"Matthew J. Wilson, Shauni McGregor, Clinton H. Durney, Melissa Tomkins, Jodie Armand, Richard S. Smith, Julie E. Gray, Richard J. Morris, Andrew J. Fleming","doi":"10.1111/nph.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Stomata regulate plant gas exchange via repeated turgor‐driven changes of guard cell shape, thereby adjusting pore apertures. Grasses, which are among the most widespread plant families on the planet, are distinguished by their unique stomatal structure, which is proposed to have significantly contributed to their evolutionary and agricultural success. One component of their structure, which has received little attention, is the presence of a discontinuous adjoining cell wall of the guard cell pair.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Here, we demonstrate the presence of these symplastic connections in a range of grasses and use finite element method simulations to assess hypotheses for their functional significance.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our results show that opening of the stomatal pore is maximal when the turgor pressure in dumbbell‐shaped grass guard cells is equal, especially under the low pressure conditions that occur during the early phase of stomatal opening. By contrast, we demonstrate that turgor pressure differences have less effect on the opening of kidney‐shaped guard cells, characteristic of the majority of land plants, where guard cell connections are rarely or not observed.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our data describe a functional mechanism based on cellular mechanics, which plausibly facilitated a major transition in plant evolution and crop development.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLKs directly regulate carotenoid biosynthesis via interacting with GBFs in plants","authors":"Tianhu Sun, Abhijit Hazra, Andy Lui, Shaohua Zeng, Xin Wang, Sombir Rao, Lauren A. Owens, Zhangjun Fei, Yunde Zhao, Michael Mazourek, James G. Giovannoni, Li Li","doi":"10.1111/nph.20457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20457","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Carotenoids are vital photosynthetic pigments for plants. Golden2‐like transcription factors (GLKs) are widely recognized as major regulators of Chl biosynthesis and chloroplast development. However, despite GLKs being subjected to intensive investigations, whether GLKs directly regulate carotenoid biosynthesis and the molecular mechanisms by which GLKs transcriptionally activate their target genes remain unclear.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Here, we report that GLKs directly regulate carotenoid biosynthesis and activate their target genes in a G‐box binding factor (GBF)‐dependent manner in Arabidopsis.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Both <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic> studies reveal that GLKs physically interact with GBFs to activate transcription of <jats:italic>phytoene synthase (PSY)</jats:italic>, the gene encoding a rate‐limiting enzyme for carotenoid biosynthesis. While GLKs possess transactivation activity, they depend on GBFs to directly bind to the G‐box motif to modulate <jats:italic>PSY</jats:italic> expression. Loss of GBFs impairs GLK function in regulating carotenoid and Chl biosynthesis. Since the G‐box motif is an enriched motif in the promoters of GLK‐regulated genes, the GLK–GBF regulatory module likely serves as a common mechanism underlying GLK‐regulated photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis and chloroplast development.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our findings uncover a novel regulatory machinery of carotenoid biosynthesis, discover a molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation by GLKs, and divulge GLKs as important regulators to coordinate photosynthetic pigment synthesis in plants.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking hidden dimensions of plant biogeography from herbaria","authors":"Barnabas H. Daru","doi":"10.1111/nph.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70002","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryPlants are diverse, but investigating their ecology and evolution in nature across geographic and temporal scales to predict how species will respond to global change is challenging. With their geographic and temporal breadth, herbarium data provide physical evidence of the existence of a species in a place and time. The remarkable size of herbarium collections along with growing digitization efforts around the world and the possibility of extracting functional traits and geographic data from preserved plant specimens makes them invaluable resources for advancing our understanding of changing species distributions over time, functional biogeography, and conserving plant communities. Here, I synthesize core aspects of plant biogeography that can be gleaned from herbaria along changing distributions, attributes (functional biogeography), and conservation biogeography across the globe. I advocate for a collaborative, multisite, and multispecies research to harness the full potential of these collections while addressing the inherent challenges of using herbarium data for biogeography and macroecological investigations. Ultimately, these data present untapped resources and opportunities to enable predictions of plant species' responses to global change and inform effective conservation planning.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Golgi‐associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex recruits retromer to trans‐Golgi network for FgKex2 and FgSnc1 recycling, necessary for the development and pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum","authors":"Yunfei Long, Xin Chen, Jia Chen, Haoran Zhang, Ying Lin, Shuyuan Cheng, Neng Pu, Xuandong Zhou, Renzhi Sheng, Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar, Huawei Zheng, Yingzi Yun, Guodong Lu, Zonghua Wang, Wenhui Zheng","doi":"10.1111/nph.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70006","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>In eukaryotes, the retromer complex plays a crucial role in the sorting and retrograde transport of cargo proteins from endosomes to the <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>‐Golgi network (TGN). Despite its importance, the molecular details of this intracellular transport process remain unclear.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Here, we have identified a Golgi‐associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex as a mediator of vesicle transport that facilitates the recruitment of the retromer complex to the TGN to exert its functions.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The GARP complex is mainly localized in the TGN where it interacts with the retromer complex. This interaction is evolutionarily conserved across species. Furthermore, we identified FgKex2 and FgSnc1 as cargo proteins in the GARP/retromer‐mediated recycling pathway. Loss of GARP or retromer results in a complete missorting of FgKex2 and FgSnc1 into the vacuolar degradation pathway, which affects the growth, development, biogenesis of toxisomes and pathogenicity of <jats:italic>Fusarium graminearum</jats:italic>.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that GARP promotes the recruitment of retromer from endosomes to the TGN, thereby establishing a GARP/retromer transport pathway that coordinates the recycling of cargo proteins FgKex2 and FgSnc1. This process is essential for maintaining sustained growth and development and significantly contributes to the pathogenicity of <jats:italic>F. graminearum</jats:italic>.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extranuclear function of Arabidopsis HOOKLESS1 regulates pleiotropic developmental processes in a non-cell-autonomous manner","authors":"Takashi Nobusawa, Naoya Matsushima, Hiroaki Ueda, Emi Yumoto, Masashi Asahina, Makoto Kusaba","doi":"10.1111/nph.20458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20458","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;A number of plant mutants exhibit highly pleiotropic phenotypes, often involved in the synthesis, inactivation, or signal transduction of plant hormones. Downstream signaling components of plant hormones, such as transcription factors, are often quite diverse across tissues, which might lead to their highly pleiotropic function (Wolters &amp; Jürgens, &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;). While &lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;. 10 plant hormones have been identified to date, it is predicted that a number of substances with plant hormone-like activity remain unidentified. For example, the plant-specific cytochrome P450 family CYP78A is implicated in the synthesis of novel bioactive substances (Anastasiou &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;). This assertion is supported by observations that CYP78A5/KLUH acts in a non-cell autonomous manner, and the &lt;i&gt;cyp78a5&lt;/i&gt; single and &lt;i&gt;cyp78a5 cyp78a7&lt;/i&gt; double mutant exhibits pronounced pleiotropic phenotypes, including short plastochron length, early flowering, reduced apical dominance, reduced organ size, sterility, and fasciation (Anastasiou &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Adamski &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Eriksson &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Poretska &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Nobusawa &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). The function of CYP78A5 appears to be independent of known plant hormones (Wang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;In order to avoid the risk of damage during germination in the soil, a predominant proportion of eudicot plants develop an apical hook in the etiolated seedling under dark conditions. Several plant hormones, including auxin, ethylene, gibberellin, brassinosteroid, and jasmonic acid (JA), are known to be involved in hook formation (Béziat &amp; Kleine-Vehn, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Wang &amp; Guo, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Arabidopsis HOOKLESS1 (HLS1) is recognized as a crucial regulator of hook formation. For instance, the null mutant of &lt;i&gt;hls1&lt;/i&gt; exhibits a completely hookless phenotype even in the presence of ethylene, which strongly promotes hook formation (Guzmán &amp; Ecker, &lt;span&gt;1990&lt;/span&gt;). However, &lt;i&gt;HLS1&lt;/i&gt;, in fact, exhibits highly pleiotropic functions influencing various plant development processes beyond apical hook formation, such as leaf number (plastochron length), leaf senescence, disease susceptibility, flowering time, and thermomorphogenesis (Li &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;; Liao &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Jin &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Furthermore, the quadruple mutant of &lt;i&gt;HLS1&lt;/i&gt; and its paralogs &lt;i&gt;HLS1-LIKE HOMOLOG&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;HLH&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;1–3&lt;/i&gt; exhibits various phenotypes not observed in the &lt;i&gt;hls1&lt;/i&gt; single mutant, such as dwarfism and frequent increases in cotyledon number (Chang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;HLS1 shows significant homology to the family of N-acetyltransferases, although its specific substrate remains arguable. Liao &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (&lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;) showed through ChIP assay that HLS1 is enric","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoBys1 suppresses rice immunity by targeting OsCAD2 to manipulate host jasmonate and lignin metabolism","authors":"Chengyu Liu, Li-Bo Han, Yanhong Wen, Chuner Lu, Boqian Deng, Zixuan Liu, Xianya Deng, Ningning Shen, Dingzhong Tang, Yuan-Bao Li","doi":"10.1111/nph.20440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20440","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Rice blast disease caused by <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> poses a severe threat to rice production. To counteract <i>M. oryzae</i>, plants synthesize jasmonate (JA) and lignin, two primary defense-related metabolites, to initiate defense programs. However, the mechanism through which <i>M. oryzae</i> modulates JA- and lignin-mediated plant immunity remains unclear.</li>\u0000<li>In this study, a novel <i>M. oryzae</i> effector, MoBys1, was identified as being involved in pathogenesis. Knockout of <i>MoBys1</i> in <i>M. oryzae</i> significantly reduced its infection ability. Conversely, overexpression of <i>MoBys1</i> in rice impaired the rice defense response. MoBys1 localizes to the plant cytoplasm and nucleus and interacts with rice cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (OsCAD2), an enzyme that catalyzes lignin biosynthesis. While <i>OsCAD2</i> mutants exhibited weakened defenses, overexpression lines demonstrated enhanced resistance, highlighting the critical role of OsCAD2 in blast resistance.</li>\u0000<li>Furthermore, OsCAD2 functions as a transcription factor regulating a wide range of biological processes, including JA and lignin signaling pathways. The interaction between MoBys1 and OsCAD2 promotes OsCAD2 degradation, leading to reduced lignin and JA accumulation.</li>\u0000<li>These findings uncover a novel counter-defense mechanism by which <i>M. oryzae</i> employs the effector MoBys1 to degrade OsCAD2 and suppress host defense-related metabolite accumulation during infection.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}