New Phytologist最新文献

Sliding-window phylogenetic analyses uncover complex interplastomic recombination in the tropical Asian–American disjunct plant genus Hedyosmum (Chloranthaceae)

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70120

Peng-Wei Li, Yong-Bin Lu, Alexandre Antonelli, Zheng-Juan Zhu, Wei Wang, Xin-Mei Qin, Xue-Rong Yang, Qiang Zhang

<h2> Introduction</h2>The chloroplast genomic (i.e. plastomic) sequences have long been used for inferring phylogenetic relationships of green plants. Current major plant classifications (e.g. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification, APG IV, 2016; Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification, PPG I, 2016) are predominantly based on the plastid phylogenies (Stull et al., 2023). Due to the rapid progress in DNA sequencing technologies along with decreasing costs, phylogenetic analyses using whole plastomes have become a routine practice (Wang et al., 2024). Plastomes have been presumed to be single double-stranded circular DNA molecules that are inherited uniparentally, with maternal inheritance in most angiosperms and paternal inheritance in gymnosperms (Birky, 1995; Dong et al., 2012; Greiner et al., 2015). These characteristics led to the general belief that plastomes are free from or less likely to undergo intermolecular recombination (Walker et al., 2019). Therefore, different plastomic genes or regions, which are assumed to share the same evolutionary trajectory, are often concatenated directly for phylogenetic analyses (Jansen et al., 2007; Moore et al., 2010; Li et al., 2021).Despite the widespread use of plastomes in phylogenetics, both biparental inheritance and recombination of plastomes – processes that could inadvertently affect inference – have been increasingly detected. The mechanisms that maintain uniparental inheritance, including elimination or degradation of the organelle during male gametophyte development or after pollen mitosis or fertilization, may break down and lead to biparental inheritance (Nagata, 2010). Biparental inheritance of plastomes has been reported in some plant groups, such as Passiflora (Passifloraceae; Hansen et al., 2007; Shrestha et al., 2021), Cicer arietinum (Fabaceae; Kumari et al., 2011), and Actinidia (Actinidiaceae; Li et al., 2013). It is believed that heteroplasmy, that is the mixture of different organelle genomes within a cell or individual, is widespread in both animals and plants (Nagata, 2010; Ramsey & Mandel, 2019; Camus et al., 2022), and c. 20% of angiosperm genera may have undergone biparental inheritance (Zhang & Sodmergen., 2010; Sakamoto & Takami, 2024). The biparental inheritance allows the coexistence of both maternal and paternal plastids in the same offspring cell, creating opportunities for interplastomic recombination. Interspecific plastomic recombination has been created and detected in experimental studies (Medgyesy et al., 1985). However, unlike in

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引用次数: 0

Symplastic and apoplastic pathways for local distribution of silicon in rice leaves

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70110

Sheng Huang, Naoki Yamaji, Noriyuki Konishi, Namiki Mitani-Ueno, Jian Feng Ma

<h2> Introduction</h2>Rice (Oryza sativa) is a typical accumulating plant of silicon (Si), which is able to accumulate Si in the shoots up to 10% of dry weight (Ma & Takahashi, 2002). This increase in accumulation is essential for high and stable production of rice (Tamai & Ma, 2008). Silicon is actively absorbed by the roots in the form of silicic acid, a noncharged molecule (Ma & Takahashi, 2002). After that, > 95% of Si absorbed is immediately translocated to the aboveground parts, including the leaf sheath and blade, and husk. In these tissues, silicic acid is polymerized to silica via transpiration, which is deposited beneath the cuticle of leaves and inside particular cells of leaf epidermis, forming silica cells and silica bodies or silica bulliform cells (motor cells; Ma & Takahashi, 2002). This deposition forms a mechanical barrier, which is important in protecting the plants from various stresses, such as pathogens, insect pests, drought, high salinity, metal toxicity, lodging, and nutrient imbalance stresses (Ma & Takahashi, 2002).To transport Si from soil solution to different organs and tissues, different transporters involved in uptake, root-to-shoot translocation, and distribution, at least, are required. During the last two decades, transporters involved in different transport steps have been identified in rice (Huang & Ma, 2024). In terms of uptake, two transporters, including OsLsi1 and OsLsi2, have been identified. OsLsi1 belongs to the Nod26-like major intrinsic protein (NIP) subfamily of aquaporin-like proteins and functions as an influx transporter of Si (Ma et al., 2006), while OsLsi2 belongs to a putative anion transporter family without any similarity to OsLsi1 (Ma et al., 2007) and functions as an efflux transporter of Si. Both OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 are localized at the exodermis and endodermis in the mature root regions but show different polar localization. OsLsi1 is localized at the distal side, while OsLsi2 is localized at the proximal side (Ma et al., 2006; Yamaji & Ma, 2007), forming an efficient uptake system for Si (Huang & Ma, 2024). After uptake, Si as silicic acid is loaded into the root xylem by OsLsi3 (Huang et al., 2022), while it is unloaded from the xylem by OsLsi6 (Yamaji et al., 2008). OsLsi3, a homolog of OsLsi2, is localized at the root pericycle cells without polarity, while OsLsi6, a homolog of OsLsi1, is polarly localized at the adaxial side of the xylem parenchyma cells in leaf sheaths and leaf blades (Yamaji et al., 2008). Finally, the preferential distribution of Si to the husk is mediated by three different Si transporters: OsLsi6, OsLsi2, and OsLsi3, which are highly expressed in the nodes, especially in the node I (Yamaji &

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引用次数: 0

Crash-and-dash: a new era in tree genome editing

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70118

Chung-Jui Tsai

<div>In less than a decade since the first demonstrations of CRISPR genome editing of agronomic genes in several tree species (Zhou et al., 2015; Jia et al., 2016; Ren et al., 2016), this disruptive technology has been deployed for a growing number of traits in both basic and applied research. The precision and efficiency of CRISPR editing allow for the recovery of null mutants in the first generation (Zhou et al., 2015; Elorriaga et al., 2018; Muhr et al., 2018), which is a significant benefit for perennial trees with long generation times. The stability of editing outcomes over multiple years or clonal propagation cycles (Bewg et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2023; Goralogia et al., 2024) is another key advantage since most woody perennials are vegetatively propagated in commercial operations. However, in many countries, gene-edited trees with stably integrated T-DNA face the same regulatory hurdles as traditional transgenics, slowing field trial characterization and the integration of transgenesis with conventional breeding (Boerjan & Strauss, 2024). In an article recently published in New Phytologist, Hoengenaert et al. (2025; doi: 10.1111/nph.20415) demonstrate transgene-free editing in poplar (Populus tremula × alba) that shows promise for wide adoption. The CRISPR-edited, transgene-free canker-resistant citrus (Citrus sinensis) trees (Su et al., 2023) have recently been approved by USDA-APHIS and are exempt from regulation by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for commercial production. The work by Hoengenaert et al. (2025) suggests a similar path could be followed for purpose-grown plantations for bioenergy, bioproducts, and biomaterials. <blockquote>‘Long-read sequencing of two such events revealed no traces of T-DNA or the binary vector backbone, confirming that they were derived from transient transformation…’<div></div></blockquote></div>Earlier attempts to produce transgene-free mutants of perennial crops primarily relied on direct delivery of CRISPR reagents into protoplasts; however, this approach was only successful in taxa with robust protoplast regeneration systems (Su et al., 2023). A more widely applicable method using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for transient expression of CRISPR components without antibiotic selection successfully recovered mutants free of T-DNA (Chen et al., 2018). This study reported an efficiency of c. 8% based on the visual reporter phytoene desaturase and an elaborate amplicon deep-sequencing screening approach in the easily transformable tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) model (Chen et al., 2018). Further improveme

{"title":"Crash-and-dash: a new era in tree genome editing","authors":"Chung-Jui Tsai","doi":"10.1111/nph.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In less than a decade since the first demonstrations of CRISPR genome editing of agronomic genes in several tree species (Zhou et al., 2015; Jia et al., 2016; Ren et al., 2016), this disruptive technology has been deployed for a growing number of traits in both basic and applied research. The precision and efficiency of CRISPR editing allow for the recovery of null mutants in the first generation (Zhou et al., 2015; Elorriaga et al., 2018; Muhr et al., 2018), which is a significant benefit for perennial trees with long generation times. The stability of editing outcomes over multiple years or clonal propagation cycles (Bewg et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2023; Goralogia et al., 2024) is another key advantage since most woody perennials are vegetatively propagated in commercial operations. However, in many countries, gene-edited trees with stably integrated T-DNA face the same regulatory hurdles as traditional transgenics, slowing field trial characterization and the integration of transgenesis with conventional breeding (Boerjan & Strauss, 2024). In an article recently published in New Phytologist, Hoengenaert et al. (2025; doi: 10.1111/nph.20415) demonstrate transgene-free editing in poplar (Populus tremula × alba) that shows promise for wide adoption. The CRISPR-edited, transgene-free canker-resistant citrus (Citrus sinensis) trees (Su et al., 2023) have recently been approved by USDA-APHIS and are exempt from regulation by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for commercial production. The work by Hoengenaert et al. (2025) suggests a similar path could be followed for purpose-grown plantations for bioenergy, bioproducts, and biomaterials. <blockquote>‘Long-read sequencing of two such events revealed no traces of T-DNA or the binary vector backbone, confirming that they were derived from transient transformation…’\u0000<div></div>\u0000</blockquote>\u0000</div>\u0000Earlier attempts to produce transgene-free mutants of perennial crops primarily relied on direct delivery of CRISPR reagents into protoplasts; however, this approach was only successful in taxa with robust protoplast regeneration systems (Su et al., 2023). A more widely applicable method using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for transient expression of CRISPR components without antibiotic selection successfully recovered mutants free of T-DNA (Chen et al., 2018). This study reported an efficiency of c. 8% based on the visual reporter phytoene desaturase and an elaborate amplicon deep-sequencing screening approach in the easily transformable tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) model (Chen et al., 2018). Further improveme","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uncovering the role of solar radiation and water stress factors in constraining decadal intra-site spring phenology variability in diverse ecosystems across the Northern Hemisphere

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70104

Yating Gu, Lin Meng, Yantian Wang, Zherong Wu, Yuhao Pan, Yingyi Zhao, Matteo Detto, Jin Wu

<h2> Introduction</h2>Spring phenology in the Northern Hemisphere marks the onset of leaf development and plays a critical role in regulating various terrestrial surface biophysical and biochemical processes. These processes include changes in land surface albedo, land-atmosphere carbon and water exchanges, forest productivity, and nutrient cycling (Fang et al., 2020; Gerst et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2023). Additionally, spring phenology influences numerous biotic interactions, such as intra- and interspecies competition for resources and trophic interactions with other living organisms (Cohen & Satterfield, 2020). Furthermore, vegetation-mediated climate feedback is impacted by spring phenology, as it can lead to earlier soil water depletion (Lian et al., 2020) and an increased risk of summer droughts (Vitasse et al., 2021; Li et al., 2023). Despite the importance of spring phenology in ecological and Earth surface processes, our understanding of the drivers behind its variability across large vegetated landscapes and extended periods remains incomplete, creating considerable amounts of uncertainty when estimating how future climate change will affect spring phenology and other related biological processes (Geng et al., 2020; Xie & Wilson, 2020; Adams et al., 2021).To better understand and represent the mechanisms underlying plant spring phenology in response to climate change, researchers have developed numerous prognostic models, such as growing degree day (GDD) models, sequential models, and parallel models (McMaster & Wilhelm, 1997; Melaas et al., 2016; Zhao et al., 2021). These models incorporate key environmental indicators, such as temperature and photoperiod, to predict the leaf unfolding data (LUD) and other phenological timing (Chuine et al., 2000, 2013). The majority of these models attribute phenological shifts to chilling, that is, the exposure of plants to cold temperatures to break dormancy, forcing, which involves exposure to warm temperatures, and the photoperiod effect to promote growth (Heide, 2003; Schwartz et al., 2006). In addition to these models that only consider temperature and photoperiod, researchers recently have developed the eco-evolutionary optimality (OPT) theory and associated OPT-based spring phenology model as a more comprehensive and innovative hypothesis for spring phenology modeling (Fu et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020b; Meng et al., 2021). This theory posits that the LUD in plants results from trade-offs aimed at maximizing photosynthetic carbon gain and minimizing frost risk. This hypothesis was supported by Gu et al

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引用次数: 0

Specific redox and iron homeostasis responses in the root tip of Arabidopsis upon zinc excess

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70105

Noémie Thiébaut, Manon Sarthou, Ludwig Richtmann, Daniel Pergament Persson, Alok Ranjan, Marie Schloesser, Stéphanie Boutet, Lucas Rezende, Stephan Clemens, Nathalie Verbruggen, Marc Hanikenne

Zinc (Zn) excess negatively impacts primary root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Yet, the effects of Zn excess on specific growth processes in the root tip (RT) remain largely unexplored.
Transcriptomics, ionomics, and metabolomics were used to examine the specific impact of Zn excess on the RT compared with the remaining root (RR).
Zn excess exposure resulted in a shortened root apical meristem and elongation zone, with differentiation initiating closer to the tip of the root. Zn accumulated at a lower concentration in the RT than in the RR. This pattern was associated with lower expression of Zn homeostasis and iron (Fe) deficiency response genes. A distinct distribution of Zn and Fe in RT and RR was highlighted by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis. Specialized tryptophan (Trp)-derived metabolism genes, typically associated with redox and biotic stress responses, were specifically upregulated in the RT upon Zn excess, among those Phytoalexin Deficient 3 (PAD3) encoding the last enzyme of camalexin synthesis. In the roots of wild-type seedlings, camalexin concentration increased by sixfold upon Zn excess, and a pad3 mutant displayed increased Zn sensitivity and an altered ionome.
Our results indicate that distinct redox and iron homeostasis mechanisms are key elements of the response to Zn excess in the RT.

{"title":"Specific redox and iron homeostasis responses in the root tip of Arabidopsis upon zinc excess","authors":"Noémie Thiébaut, Manon Sarthou, Ludwig Richtmann, Daniel Pergament Persson, Alok Ranjan, Marie Schloesser, Stéphanie Boutet, Lucas Rezende, Stephan Clemens, Nathalie Verbruggen, Marc Hanikenne","doi":"10.1111/nph.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000<ul>\u0000<li>Zinc (Zn) excess negatively impacts primary root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Yet, the effects of Zn excess on specific growth processes in the root tip (RT) remain largely unexplored.</li>\u0000<li>Transcriptomics, ionomics, and metabolomics were used to examine the specific impact of Zn excess on the RT compared with the remaining root (RR).</li>\u0000<li>Zn excess exposure resulted in a shortened root apical meristem and elongation zone, with differentiation initiating closer to the tip of the root. Zn accumulated at a lower concentration in the RT than in the RR. This pattern was associated with lower expression of Zn homeostasis and iron (Fe) deficiency response genes. A distinct distribution of Zn and Fe in RT and RR was highlighted by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis. Specialized tryptophan (Trp)-derived metabolism genes, typically associated with redox and biotic stress responses, were specifically upregulated in the RT upon Zn excess, among those Phytoalexin Deficient 3 (PAD3) encoding the last enzyme of camalexin synthesis. In the roots of wild-type seedlings, camalexin concentration increased by sixfold upon Zn excess, and a pad3 mutant displayed increased Zn sensitivity and an altered ionome.</li>\u0000<li>Our results indicate that distinct redox and iron homeostasis mechanisms are key elements of the response to Zn excess in the RT.</li>\u0000</ul>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Linking micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray computed tomography with model simulation explains differences in nutrient gradients around roots of different types and ages

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70102

Eva Lippold, Magdalena Landl, Eric Braatz, Steffen Schlüter, Rüdiger Kilian, Robert Mikutta, Andrea Schnepf, Doris Vetterlein

<h2> Introduction</h2>The rhizosphere, defined as the area of the soil that is influenced by roots, differs fundamentally in its biochemical properties from the surrounding soil (Vetterlein et al., 2020). The uptake of nutrients and the transport of water to the root, as well as the release of exudates to the soil, create unique chemical gradients within the root zone (Kirk, 1999; York et al., 2016a; Holz et al., 2018b). These gradients differ in their width, shape and expression in the form of depletion or accumulation zones. Knowledge of the extent is necessary to determine the optimal root architecture in terms of exploration and exploitation, that is at which rhizosphere extent neighbouring roots influence each other (de Parseval et al., 2017; Landl et al., 2021). The extent and magnitude of gradients depend on diverse factors, such as the soil solution concentration, the nutrient uptake capacity, soil hydraulic properties, diffusion, sorption and decay (Nye, 1966; Barber, 1984; Jungk, 2001).At present, still little is known about the relative and absolute contribution of individual factors shaping gradients around roots. A supposedly crucial parameter for the extent of physical and chemical gradients is root age (Vetterlein & Doussan, 2016), which defines the time available for interaction with the soil at a specific location (Göttlein et al., 1999). Some parameters influencing gradient formation also vary with root age, that is uptake rate (York et al., 2016b), root diameter and root hair activity (Lan et al., 2013). While such activity changes are well demonstrated in roots and specific root tissue in isolation (Lan et al., 2013), such data are much more scarce for soil-grown plants (Kraus et al., 1987; Ernst et al., 1989). Of specific interest in terms of geometry and hence radial extent of gradients are root diameter and root hairs. Since a larger root diameter provides a larger surface area for nutrient uptake compared with a fine root, the root diameter should also have an effect on the steepness of the gradients. A fundamental role in nutrient uptake is also attributed to root hairs, which are often understood as organs shortening the distance between soil and plant surface. In this way, they improve nutrient supply, especially for strongly sorbed nutrients like phosphorus (P) (Hendriks et al., 1981). The effective diffusion coefficient of dissolved nutrients in soil, which is influenced by both the water content and the tortuosity of a flow path, also plays an important role, as it is the measure of the ability of a soil to conduct a certain substance through its pore space (Kuchenbuch et al., 1986)

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引用次数: 0

Origin of a self-compatibility associated MITE in Petota and its application in hybrid potato breeding

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70093

Saihang Zhang, Qinggang Liao, Zhan Zhang, Xu Zhu, Yuxin Jia, Yi Shang, Ling Ma

<h2> Introduction</h2>Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), a staple crop consumed by over 1.3 billion people spanning > 150 countries world-wide, holds paramount significance for global food security (Stokstad, 2019). Currently, commercial potato cultivars are mainly derived from a narrow tetraploid subgroup, S. tuberosum Group stenotomum, which offers advantages such as large tubers and high yield (Spooner et al., 2014; Hardigan et al., 2017). However, there are challenges for traditional tetraploid potato breeding, including genetic variation loss because of the bottleneck effect and prolonged breeding cycles due to complex tetraploid genetics (Zhang et al., 2021; Kardile et al., 2022). Diploid hybrid breeding, using true seeds instead of tubers for propagation, exhibits a much higher reproductive and breeding efficiency than tetraploid breeding. Additionally, c. 70% of the naturally tuber-bearing Solanum section Petota, comprising over 100 species, are diploid, offering a rich genetic resource for breeding (Jansky et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2023). However, self-incompatibility (SI) is observed in most diploids, which hinders the creation of inbred lines essential for hybrid breeding (Ma et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2021).Potato exhibits gametophytic SI controlled by the S-locus consisting of pistil-specific S-RNase and a group of pollen-specific S-locus F-box (SLF) genes (Zhang et al., 2009). Generally, SLF interacts weakly with selfS-RNase but strongly with nonself S-RNase, thereby preventing self-fertilization and ensuring SI (Qiao et al., 2004; Hua & Kao, 2006; Kubo et al., 2010; Zhao et al., 2022). Therefore, self-compatibility (SC) diploid potatoes can be achieved by knocking out self S-RNase, selecting naturally occurring low-expressed S-RNase alleles, or overexpressing nonselffunctional SLFs (Ye et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2021; Zhao et al., 2022). Notably, a nonS-locus F-box gene S-locus inhibitor (Sli) was identified from naturally SC genotypes such as chc525-3 and RH89-039-16 (RH). Sli can interact with multiple self and nonselfS-RNases to overcome SI across different genotypes and thus plays a key role in diploid potato breeding (Hosaka & Hanneman, 1998; Peterson et al., 2016; Clot et al., 2020; Eggers et al., 2021; Ma et al., 2021). Interestingly, the Sli promoter contains a 549 bp miniature inverted transposon element (MITE) insertion (named as Mi-549 hereafter)

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引用次数: 0

Rooted in potential: advances in estimating spatiotemporal root water uptake in situ

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70119

Junior Burks, Shersingh Joseph Tumber‐Dávila

引用次数: 0

A 50-year look-back on the efficacy of limited transpiration traits: does the evidence support the recent surge in interest? 对有限蒸腾特性功效的 50 年回顾：证据是否支持最近的兴趣激增？

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70071

Sean M. Gleason, Stephanie K. Polutchko, Brendan S. Allen, Troy W. Ocheltree, Daniel Spitzer, Ziqiang Li, Jared J. Stewart

We examine limited transpiration (LT) traits in crop species, which are claimed to conserve early season water for critical late season growth. Despite there being theoretical support for LT crops, we suggest that there is insufficient empirical evidence to support the general acceptance of this theory. Our criticism focuses on two main points: the undervaluation of early season carbon assimilation and investment over the lifetime of the plant; and the overestimation of soil water savings. We argue that forgoing early season water use, and therefore also future investment in deeper and denser roots (improved resource acquisition), will negatively impact plant performance in many soil and climate contexts. Furthermore, we challenge the assumption that conserved soil water remains available for later use without loss, noting significant losses resulting from evaporation and other sinks. We advocate for a re-evaluation of LT traits, incorporating a balance of water and carbon dynamics throughout a plant's lifetime. We caution against the adoption of LT traits where they have not been empirically evaluated in the soils and climates of interest to individual research and breeding programs. We propose a more physiologically integrated approach to crop improvement, focusing on water extraction efficiency and strategic carbon investment.

我们研究了作物物种的有限蒸腾（LT）特性，据称这种特性可以为关键的晚季生长保存早季水分。尽管理论上支持作物的有限蒸腾特性，但我们认为没有足够的经验证据来支持对这一理论的普遍接受。我们的批评主要集中在两点：低估了早季碳同化和植物一生的投资；高估了土壤节水。我们认为，在许多土壤和气候条件下，放弃早季用水，从而放弃未来对更深更密根系的投资（改善资源获取），将对植物的表现产生负面影响。此外，我们注意到蒸发和其他水汇造成的大量损失，因此对保存的土壤水仍可用于后期使用这一假设提出质疑。我们主张重新评估低温性状，在植物的整个生命周期中兼顾水和碳的动态平衡。我们告诫大家，如果没有在个别研究和育种项目感兴趣的土壤和气候条件下进行过经验评估，就不要采用LT性状。我们建议采用生理上更加综合的方法来改良作物，重点关注水分提取效率和战略性碳投资。

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引用次数: 0

Chemical ecology of symbioses in cycads, an ancient plant lineage

IF 9.4 1区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

New Phytologist

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70109

Shayla Salzman, Edder D. Bustos-Díaz, Melissa R. L. Whitaker, Adriel M. Sierra, Angélica Cibrián-Jaramillo, Francisco Barona-Gómez, Juan Carlos Villarreal Aguilar

Cycads are an ancient lineage of gymnosperms that maintain a plethora of symbiotic associations from across the tree of life. They have myriad morphological, structural, physiological, chemical, and behavioral adaptations that position them as a unique system to study the evolution, ecology, and mechanism of symbiosis. To this end, we have provided an overview of cycad symbiosis biology covering insects, bacteria, and fungi, and discuss the most recent advances in the underlying chemical ecology of these associations.

引用次数: 0