A comprehensive review on progress and prospects of modified hydroxyapatite for uranium fixation from water

The rapid expansion of nuclear energy has led to increased uranium contamination in wastewater, necessitating the development of efficient, cost-effective, and recyclable materials for uranium removal. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has emerged as a promising candidate due to its exceptional surface properties, structural tunability, and environmental compatibility. This review systematically evaluates recent progress in HAP-based materials for uranium remediation, focusing on advanced synthesis techniques and modification strategies that enhance adsorption capacity and ion selectivity. We analyze the underlying mechanisms, particularly the roles of material morphology and solution pH in optimizing uranium removal efficiency. Current limitations in practical applications are critically discussed, along with future research priorities for developing next-generation HAP composites. By establishing structure-performance relationships and addressing current challenges, this review provides fundamental insights to guide the design of high-performance radioactive wastewater treatment materials.