Lead-free single crystal metal halide perovskite detectors

Single crystal metal halide perovskite materials have been harnessed for a range of advanced optoelectronic applications due to less grain boundary defects. Despite the established challenges posed by lead's toxicity and the chemical instability of lead-based perovskite materials, the identification of perovskite materials utilizing lead-free elements, including Bi, Sb, Cu, and Sn etc., and their superior optoelectronic properties, offers alternative strategies for achieving high-performance perovskite optoelectronics. This review emphasizes recent advancements in single crystal lead-free perovskite detectors (photodetectors and X-ray detectors). Furthermore, we outline the perspective for addressing various issues that demand further attention in the development of single crystal lead-free perovskite materials and the methods for further improving the optoelectronic performance. This review was intended to illuminate the surging field of single crystal lead-free metal halide perovskites and its application as a detector, inspiring further advancement in this attractive area.