Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring Cellular Autophagy Levels during Diabetic Wound Healing

Hard-healing wounds are a serious issue faced by diabetic patients, and the cellular autophagy level is closely related to the wound healing progress. However, it is difficult to monitor the real-time autophagy levels in living organisms. In this work, we provided a new autophagy fluorescent sensor IN-NH₂ based on the modification of 2-substituted quinoline, giving an excellent ability to quantify the pH fluctuation in lysosomes during autophagy. This sensor was successfully applied in the real-time monitoring of autophagy levels in a wound healing model of diabetic rats, showing potential for exploring the internal mechanism between autophagy and disease progression.