Dy-Cu-Gd triple doped CeO2 diluted magnetic semiconductor nanopowders: structural, optical, and magnetic properties

In this work, the solid-state reaction strategy be present used headed for synthesize nanoparticle samples of Ce_(2-(x+y+z) Gd_xCu_yDy_zO₂, at various concentrations of x, y, and z = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05. XRD analysis verified with cubic structure of both undoped and doped samples. Crystallite sizes ranged from 19.01 to 35.56 nm, while lattice parameters increased from 5.478 to 5.832 Å. The surface morphology (SEM) was primarily spherical and agglomerated at 500 nm. The elemental analysis (EDS) revealed the predicted stoichiometric atomic ratio (Dy-Cu-Gd). According to the results of optical studies, the optical band gap of the powders increases from 2.749 to 3.185 eV as the concentration increases. Photoluminescence investigations reveal blue, green, yellow, and ultraviolet emissions at different intensities in the emission spectrum. The magnetic parameters of the nanoparticle samples revealed paramagnetic features, the magnetic moment of Ce_(2-(x+y+z) Gd_xCu_yDy_zO₂ nanoparticles ranged from 0.0047 to 0.0785 emu/g.