{"title":"功能氧化钛的研究进展。II:氢修饰TiO2","authors":"Nazanin Rahimi , Randolph Pax , Evan MacA. Gray","doi":"10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2019.04.003","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Band gap engineering of TiO<sub>2</sub> has attracted many researchers looking to extend its applicability as a functional material. Although TiO<sub>2</sub> has been commercialised in applications that utilise its special properties, its band gap should be modified to improve its performance, especially as an active photo catalyst. Reduction of TiO<sub>2</sub> under a hydrogen atmosphere is a promising method which can increase the visible-light absorption efficiency of TiO<sub>2</sub><span> and enhance its electrochemical and other properties related to electronic band structure. In this second review paper, the production and influence of O vacancies </span><span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span><span> and other defects, such as interstitial cations, under vacuum and hydrogen are reviewed for the common phases of TiO</span><sub>2</sub>. The particular modification TiO<sub>2–<em>x</em></sub> in which O is randomly removed from the crystal structure is considered in detail. Despite early evidence that hydrogen is absorbed into the bulk of TiO<sub>2</sub><span><span>, the action of hydrogen has become controversial in recent years, with claims that surface disorder is responsible for the enhanced photoactivity induced by exposure to hydrogen. The many published experimental and density-functional-theory modelling studies are surveyed with the aims of determining what is agreed or contested, and relating defect structure to band structure. It is concluded that further work is needed to clarify the mechanisms of defect production and defect </span>diffusion, as well as the origins of the numerous sample colours observed following treatment in vacuum or hydrogen.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":415,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Solid State Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1000,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2019.04.003","citationCount":"14","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Review of functional titanium oxides. II: Hydrogen-modified TiO2\",\"authors\":\"Nazanin Rahimi , Randolph Pax , Evan MacA. Gray\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2019.04.003\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Band gap engineering of TiO<sub>2</sub> has attracted many researchers looking to extend its applicability as a functional material. Although TiO<sub>2</sub> has been commercialised in applications that utilise its special properties, its band gap should be modified to improve its performance, especially as an active photo catalyst. Reduction of TiO<sub>2</sub> under a hydrogen atmosphere is a promising method which can increase the visible-light absorption efficiency of TiO<sub>2</sub><span> and enhance its electrochemical and other properties related to electronic band structure. In this second review paper, the production and influence of O vacancies </span><span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span><span> and other defects, such as interstitial cations, under vacuum and hydrogen are reviewed for the common phases of TiO</span><sub>2</sub>. The particular modification TiO<sub>2–<em>x</em></sub> in which O is randomly removed from the crystal structure is considered in detail. Despite early evidence that hydrogen is absorbed into the bulk of TiO<sub>2</sub><span><span>, the action of hydrogen has become controversial in recent years, with claims that surface disorder is responsible for the enhanced photoactivity induced by exposure to hydrogen. The many published experimental and density-functional-theory modelling studies are surveyed with the aims of determining what is agreed or contested, and relating defect structure to band structure. It is concluded that further work is needed to clarify the mechanisms of defect production and defect </span>diffusion, as well as the origins of the numerous sample colours observed following treatment in vacuum or hydrogen.</span></p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":415,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Progress in Solid State Chemistry\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":9.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2019-09-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2019.04.003\",\"citationCount\":\"14\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Progress in Solid State Chemistry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079678619300123\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Progress in Solid State Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079678619300123","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR","Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of functional titanium oxides. II: Hydrogen-modified TiO2
Band gap engineering of TiO2 has attracted many researchers looking to extend its applicability as a functional material. Although TiO2 has been commercialised in applications that utilise its special properties, its band gap should be modified to improve its performance, especially as an active photo catalyst. Reduction of TiO2 under a hydrogen atmosphere is a promising method which can increase the visible-light absorption efficiency of TiO2 and enhance its electrochemical and other properties related to electronic band structure. In this second review paper, the production and influence of O vacancies and other defects, such as interstitial cations, under vacuum and hydrogen are reviewed for the common phases of TiO2. The particular modification TiO2–x in which O is randomly removed from the crystal structure is considered in detail. Despite early evidence that hydrogen is absorbed into the bulk of TiO2, the action of hydrogen has become controversial in recent years, with claims that surface disorder is responsible for the enhanced photoactivity induced by exposure to hydrogen. The many published experimental and density-functional-theory modelling studies are surveyed with the aims of determining what is agreed or contested, and relating defect structure to band structure. It is concluded that further work is needed to clarify the mechanisms of defect production and defect diffusion, as well as the origins of the numerous sample colours observed following treatment in vacuum or hydrogen.
期刊介绍:
Progress in Solid State Chemistry offers critical reviews and specialized articles written by leading experts in the field, providing a comprehensive view of solid-state chemistry. It addresses the challenge of dispersed literature by offering up-to-date assessments of research progress and recent developments. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between physical properties and structural chemistry, particularly imperfections like vacancies and dislocations. The reviews published in Progress in Solid State Chemistry emphasize critical evaluation of the field, along with indications of current problems and future directions. Papers are not intended to be bibliographic in nature but rather to inform a broad range of readers in an inherently multidisciplinary field by providing expert treatises oriented both towards specialists in different areas of the solid state and towards nonspecialists. The authorship is international, and the subject matter will be of interest to chemists, materials scientists, physicists, metallurgists, crystallographers, ceramists, and engineers interested in the solid state.