牛呼吸道细菌微生物群在健康和疾病中的作用。

IF 4.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Animal Health Research Reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI:10.1017/S1466252320000316
Trevor W Alexander, Edouard Timsit, Samat Amat
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引用次数: 6

摘要

牛呼吸道细菌病原体耐药性的增加对牛呼吸道疾病(BRD)的有效控制和预防构成威胁。作为开发抗微生物替代品以减轻BRD的持续努力的一部分,使用下一代测序技术对饲养场牛呼吸道内的微生物群落进行了越来越多的研究。牛的上呼吸道和下呼吸道的粘膜表面是由多种多样和动态的微生物群定植的,包括共生菌、共生菌和致病菌。虽然饲养场牛的呼吸微生物群与BRD发展之间的直接因果关系尚未完全阐明,但越来越多的证据表明,微生物群通过提供对病原体的定植抗性和维持体内平衡来促进呼吸健康。某些管理措施,如断奶、运输、饲料转换和抗生素应用,可能会破坏呼吸道微生物群,潜在地改变病原体的定植。基于微生物群的方法,包括以恢复正常呼吸道微生物群为目标的细菌疗法,可能为减轻饲养场牛的BRD提供替代抗生素的新方法。此外,在受BRD影响的和健康的饲养场牛中观察到的不同的细菌呼吸微生物群落可能允许在未来应用基于微生物群的技术来诊断BRD。
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The role of the bovine respiratory bacterial microbiota in health and disease.

Increased antimicrobial resistance in bovine respiratory bacterial pathogens poses a threat to the effective control and prevention of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). As part of continued efforts to develop antimicrobial alternatives to mitigate BRD, the microbial community residing within the respiratory tract of feedlot cattle has been increasingly studied using next-generation sequencing technologies. The mucosal surfaces of upper and lower respiratory tracts of cattle are colonized by a diverse and dynamic microbiota encompassing commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic bacteria. While a direct causal relationship between respiratory microbiota and the development of BRD in feedlot cattle has not been fully elucidated, increasing evidence suggests that the microbiota contributes to respiratory health by providing colonization resistance against pathogens and maintaining homeostasis. Certain management practices such as weaning, transportation, feed transition, and antibiotic application can disrupt the respiratory microbiota, potentially altering pathogen colonization. Microbiota-based approaches, including bacterial therapeutics that target restoring the normal respiratory microbiota, may provide new methods for mitigating BRD in feedlot cattle in place of antibiotics. In addition, the distinct bacterial respiratory microbial communities observed in BRD-affected and healthy feedlot cattle may allow for future application of microbiota-based techniques used in the diagnosis of BRD.

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来源期刊
Animal Health Research Reviews
Animal Health Research Reviews VETERINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
8
期刊介绍: Animal Health Research Reviews provides an international forum for the publication of reviews and commentaries on all aspects of animal health. Papers include in-depth analyses and broader overviews of all facets of health and science in both domestic and wild animals. Major subject areas include physiology and pharmacology, parasitology, bacteriology, food and environmental safety, epidemiology and virology. The journal is of interest to researchers involved in animal health, parasitologists, food safety experts and academics interested in all aspects of animal production and welfare.
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