Exosomes in cancer.

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by cells under physiological and pathological conditions. There is emerging evidence associating exosomes with tumorigenesis. They carry cargo (DNA, RNA, miRNA and protein) pertaining to the cell of origin and play a key role in intercellular communication, influencing several cellular processes. Moreover, exosomes can be shed and found in almost all body fluids, providing a source of biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, the use of exosomes for cancer therapeutics is another research area that is gaining attention. This book chapter aims to explore the role of exosomes in tumor biogenesis, progression and clinical applications, comprehensively compiling the research for three tumor types, namely head and neck cancer, lung cancer and glioblastoma.