Recent advances in metal-organic frameworks synthesis and characterization with a focus on electrochemical determination of biological and food compounds, and investigation of their antibacterial performance

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid materials composed of both organic and inorganic elements. MOF materials, because of their unique structures and properties, such as controllable pore size, large surface area, excellent catalytic activity, and high density of active sites, are applied in electrochemical sensors systems for the sensitive, quick, and low-cost detection of multiple analytes. MOFs, with their high specific surface area, controllable shape, and adjustable pore volume, will provide strong interaction with compounds via abundant functional groups, leading to increased selectivity for electrochemical determination of a wide range of compounds. In this review, the structure, synthesis methods, characterization, and the applications of MOFs in recent years as sensing material in fabricating sensors for detecting drugs, pesticides, heavy metals, food additives, and other contaminants are summarized, compared, and discussed. Also, MOFs were used in numerous antibacterial application areas due to their long-term release pore volume, capability, and stretch ability when integrated with a wide range of compounds and/or substances (including nanostructures, phytochemicals, antibiotics, and polymers). This review also provides a comprehensive overview of the antibacterial uses of MOFs and one's composite materials, with a focus on the different kinds of MOF nanocomposite and their antibacterial influence in various uses.