Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100525
Aiying SONG , Rong LIU , Xinghe HE , Linlin WEI
In the field of forensic sciences, the analysis of amphetamine-type stimulants in hair samples has become a fundamental tool for assessing long-term substance use. The persistent nature of amphetamine-type stimulants in hair provides a unique chronological record of drug intake, offering valuable insights for legal and clinical applications. Developing a simple, sensitive, and reliable method for the determination of these drugs in hair samples remains an important issue in forensic analysis. In this study, polydimethylsiloxane modified stainless steel fiber was firstly fabricated. By taking advantage of the affinity of the polydimethylsiloxane coating toward amphetamine-type stimulants and the excellent conductivity of stainless steel wire, an electro-enhanced solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography equipped with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector method was established to sensitively determine four common amphetamine-type stimulants in hair samples. The experimental results showed a linear range from 0.1 to 50 µg L⁻¹. The limits of detection and qualification respectively varied from 0.012 to 0.039 and 0.05 to 0.13 µg L⁻¹ (S/N = 3), and it exhibited good reproducibility (< 6.2%). Recoveries ranging from 79% to 106%, with a relative standard deviation of < 6.7%, were obtained for all analytes. Fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (RSD), obtained using three fibers, was < 8.8%. The developed strategy combined the affinity of the polydimethylsiloxane coating towards amphetamine-type stimulants with the electrical conductivity of the stainless steel wire, effectively improving the enrichment ability and detection sensitivity, and achieving simultaneous selective enrichment and detection of several analytes. This is a simple, efficient, and reliable method for the analysis of amphetamine-type stimulants from complex matrices.
{"title":"Sensitive determination of amphetamine-type stimulants in human hair by electro-enhanced solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detector","authors":"Aiying SONG , Rong LIU , Xinghe HE , Linlin WEI","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of forensic sciences, the analysis of amphetamine-type stimulants in hair samples has become a fundamental tool for assessing long-term substance use. The persistent nature of amphetamine-type stimulants in hair provides a unique chronological record of drug intake, offering valuable insights for legal and clinical applications. Developing a simple, sensitive, and reliable method for the determination of these drugs in hair samples remains an important issue in forensic analysis. In this study, polydimethylsiloxane modified stainless steel fiber was firstly fabricated. By taking advantage of the affinity of the polydimethylsiloxane coating toward amphetamine-type stimulants and the excellent conductivity of stainless steel wire, an electro-enhanced solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography equipped with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector method was established to sensitively determine four common amphetamine-type stimulants in hair samples. The experimental results showed a linear range from 0.1 to 50 µg L⁻¹. The limits of detection and qualification respectively varied from 0.012 to 0.039 and 0.05 to 0.13 µg L⁻¹ (<em>S</em>/<em>N</em> = 3), and it exhibited good reproducibility (< 6.2%). Recoveries ranging from 79% to 106%, with a relative standard deviation of < 6.7%, were obtained for all analytes. Fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (RSD), obtained using three fibers, was < 8.8%. The developed strategy combined the affinity of the polydimethylsiloxane coating towards amphetamine-type stimulants with the electrical conductivity of the stainless steel wire, effectively improving the enrichment ability and detection sensitivity, and achieving simultaneous selective enrichment and detection of several analytes. This is a simple, efficient, and reliable method for the analysis of amphetamine-type stimulants from complex matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 4","pages":"Article 100525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100513
Rashed N. HERQASH , Ali S. ALQAHTANI , Ibrahim A. DARWISH
Pelitinib (PEL) is a potent drug which demonstrated clinical success in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancers harboring the mutant fusion gene EML4-ALK (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase. The objective of this study was the development of eco-friendly HPLC method to refine the therapeutic findings, support pharmacokinetic assessments, and aid in the potential therapeutic monitoring of PEL. The chromatographic separation of PEL and levofloxacin as an internal standard (IS) was accomplished on a Shim-pack VP-ODS C18 HPLC column using a gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of formic acid (0.1 %, v/v) in an acetonitrile–methanol mixture (80:20 %, v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL min–1 and the detection wavelength was 260 nm. Validation of the method was conducted in accordance with ICH guidelines for bioanalytical method validation, and all parameters’ values were acceptable. The novelty of the proposed eco-friendly HPLC-UV method in terms of its adherence of the method's procedures to the requirements of the green analytical chemistry approaches was confirmed by three comprehensive metric tools. The method was successfully applied in studying the pharmacokinetics of PEL in rats. The findings revealed that PEL was absorbed and reached maximum plasma concentration of 182.08 ng mL−1 after 4 h and had an eliminated rate constant of 0.072 h−1. The volume of distribution was 0.064 L/kg. The clearance was found at 0.005 L/h/kg. The results presented this method as a valuable tool for realizing targeted therapeutic benefits and ensuring safety of PEL treatment.
{"title":"Development of a new eco-friendly HPLC method and assessing the pharmacokinetics of pelitinib, a potent epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer associated with EML4-ALK mutant gene","authors":"Rashed N. HERQASH , Ali S. ALQAHTANI , Ibrahim A. DARWISH","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pelitinib (PEL) is a potent drug which demonstrated clinical success in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancers harboring the mutant fusion gene EML4-ALK (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase. The objective of this study was the development of eco-friendly HPLC method to refine the therapeutic findings, support pharmacokinetic assessments, and aid in the potential therapeutic monitoring of PEL. The chromatographic separation of PEL and levofloxacin as an internal standard (IS) was accomplished on a Shim-pack VP-ODS C18 HPLC column using a gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of formic acid (0.1 %, v/v) in an acetonitrile–methanol mixture (80:20 %, v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL min<sup>–1</sup> and the detection wavelength was 260 nm. Validation of the method was conducted in accordance with ICH guidelines for bioanalytical method validation, and all parameters’ values were acceptable. The novelty of the proposed eco-friendly HPLC-UV method in terms of its adherence of the method's procedures to the requirements of the green analytical chemistry approaches was confirmed by three comprehensive metric tools. The method was successfully applied in studying the pharmacokinetics of PEL in rats. The findings revealed that PEL was absorbed and reached maximum plasma concentration of 182.08 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> after 4 h and had an eliminated rate constant of 0.072 h<sup>−1</sup>. The volume of distribution was 0.064 L/kg. The clearance was found at 0.005 L/h/kg. The results presented this method as a valuable tool for realizing targeted therapeutic benefits and ensuring safety of PEL treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 3","pages":"Article 100513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100510
Xuekun KOU , Yufeng LI , Lei WANG , Xin SONG , Dan LI , Zhuo WANG , Yuanyuan ZHAO , Xiaohui ZHANG , Jingwu LI , Zhaobin XING
Non-small cell lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Eleutherococcus senticosus can induce apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of Eleutherococcus senticosus in inducing apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells and analyze its potential active constituents, targets, and molecular mechanisms. The results of network pharmacology analysis showed that Eleutherococcus senticosus contained 49 active ingredients that induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells, and these components could act on 66 apoptosis-related targets. Compared to the control group, Eleutherococcus senticosus significantly increased apoptosis in A549 cells with increasing concentration (p < 0.05). The results of transcriptome and metabolomic analyses showed that Eleutherococcus senticosus significantly changed 5836 genes and 418 metabolites in A549 cells (p < 0.05), with the most significant changes in 18 genes and 34 metabolites related to apoptosis. qRT-PCR and Western blot results showed that, after Eleutherococcus senticosus treatment, the mRNA and protein expression of EGFR, MAPK3, and ICAM1 significantly increased, while CTSK decreased (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). Correlation analysis and molecular docking results indicated that calycanthoside and oleanolic acid can directly modify the expression levels of the transcription factors POU2F3, FOXS1, and TGIF2LY or indirectly influence the binding affinity of these transcription factors to the promoters of key target genes, ultimately leading to the activation of EGFR, MAPK3, ICAM1, and CTSK, which triggers apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells.
{"title":"Apoptosis-inducing effects of aqueous extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus on non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation","authors":"Xuekun KOU , Yufeng LI , Lei WANG , Xin SONG , Dan LI , Zhuo WANG , Yuanyuan ZHAO , Xiaohui ZHANG , Jingwu LI , Zhaobin XING","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-small cell lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. <em>Eleutherococcus senticosus</em> can induce apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of <em>Eleutherococcus senticosus</em> in inducing apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells and analyze its potential active constituents, targets, and molecular mechanisms. The results of network pharmacology analysis showed that <em>Eleutherococcus senticosus</em> contained 49 active ingredients that induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells, and these components could act on 66 apoptosis-related targets. Compared to the control group, <em>Eleutherococcus senticosus</em> significantly increased apoptosis in A549 cells with increasing concentration (<em>p <</em> 0.05). The results of transcriptome and metabolomic analyses showed that <em>Eleutherococcus senticosus</em> significantly changed 5836 genes and 418 metabolites in A549 cells (<em>p <</em> 0.05), with the most significant changes in 18 genes and 34 metabolites related to apoptosis. qRT-PCR and Western blot results showed that, after <em>Eleutherococcus senticosus</em> treatment, the mRNA and protein expression of <em>EGFR, MAPK3</em>, and <em>ICAM1</em> significantly increased, while <em>CTSK</em> decreased (<em>p <</em> 0.01 or <em>p <</em> 0.001). Correlation analysis and molecular docking results indicated that calycanthoside and oleanolic acid can directly modify the expression levels of the transcription factors <em>POU2F3, FOXS1</em>, and <em>TGIF2LY</em> or indirectly influence the binding affinity of these transcription factors to the promoters of key target genes, ultimately leading to the activation of <em>EGFR, MAPK3, ICAM1</em>, and <em>CTSK</em>, which triggers apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 3","pages":"Article 100510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100512
Yalan LUO , Yu ZHOU , Mingming SONG , Zihao ZOU , Wei CAO , Xin LI , Renhong WAN , Xuechun DAI , Ying LI
<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Chronic urticaria (CU) is a prevalent skin condition. Increasing evidence supports the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in its management. This study aims to identify the primary bioactive constituents and elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of key TCM drug combinations for CU treatment, utilizing data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Relevant TCM prescriptions for the treatment of CU were collected from multiple databases, including CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang Database, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 to identify core drug pairs with the highest confidence levels. Active ingredients and target predictions for these core drug pairs were determined using the TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, HERB, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. CU-related targets were obtained from OMIM, DisGeNET, GeneCards, PharmGKB, CTD, and Drugbank, and intersected with disease targets retrieved from the GEO database. These targets were further intersected with drug targets and analyzed within the STRING database for protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, visualized using Cytoscape 3.7.2, and core nodes in the network were identified using the CytoHubba plugin. The intersecting targets of drugs and diseases were subjected to GO and KEGG pathway analysis via the DAVID database and analyzed for their distribution across 84 target organs in the human body using the BioGps database. Molecular docking validation was performed using AutoDockTools 1.5.6, AutoDock Vina, and PyMOL software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 374 articles were identified, encompassing 344 prescriptions and 198 herbs. The core drug combination “Saposhnikoviae Radix-Schizonepetae Herba-Cicadae Periostracum” (FF-JJ-CT) with the highest confidence level was selected. A total of 45 active ingredients and 780 unique potential targets were screened, and 50 disease targets were obtained. Twelve targets at the intersection of herbs and diseases were identified. A PPI network was constructed, and seven core targets (VCAM1, STAT3, SELE, MYC, ITGB2, ICAM1, HIF1A) were screened based on degree centrality (DC) ≥ 10. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the intersecting targets were primarily enriched in pathways related to cell adhesion molecules, the TNF signaling pathway, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. The target organs were predominantly expressed in whole blood and the immune system (CD33+_Myeloid, CD14+_Monocytes, BDCA4+_DentriticCells, CD56+_NKCells). Molecular docking results indicated that the active ingredients Quercetin, Decursin, Andrographolide, and its derivative 14_deoxy_11_oxa_andrographolide from the “FF-JJ-CT” combination exhibited favorable binding activities with the core targets ICAM1, ITGB2, STAT3, SELE, and VCAM1.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our work, employing data
{"title":"Analyze the application and mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in chronic urticaria based on data mining and network pharmacology","authors":"Yalan LUO , Yu ZHOU , Mingming SONG , Zihao ZOU , Wei CAO , Xin LI , Renhong WAN , Xuechun DAI , Ying LI","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Chronic urticaria (CU) is a prevalent skin condition. Increasing evidence supports the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in its management. This study aims to identify the primary bioactive constituents and elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of key TCM drug combinations for CU treatment, utilizing data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Relevant TCM prescriptions for the treatment of CU were collected from multiple databases, including CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang Database, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 to identify core drug pairs with the highest confidence levels. Active ingredients and target predictions for these core drug pairs were determined using the TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, HERB, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. CU-related targets were obtained from OMIM, DisGeNET, GeneCards, PharmGKB, CTD, and Drugbank, and intersected with disease targets retrieved from the GEO database. These targets were further intersected with drug targets and analyzed within the STRING database for protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, visualized using Cytoscape 3.7.2, and core nodes in the network were identified using the CytoHubba plugin. The intersecting targets of drugs and diseases were subjected to GO and KEGG pathway analysis via the DAVID database and analyzed for their distribution across 84 target organs in the human body using the BioGps database. Molecular docking validation was performed using AutoDockTools 1.5.6, AutoDock Vina, and PyMOL software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 374 articles were identified, encompassing 344 prescriptions and 198 herbs. The core drug combination “Saposhnikoviae Radix-Schizonepetae Herba-Cicadae Periostracum” (FF-JJ-CT) with the highest confidence level was selected. A total of 45 active ingredients and 780 unique potential targets were screened, and 50 disease targets were obtained. Twelve targets at the intersection of herbs and diseases were identified. A PPI network was constructed, and seven core targets (VCAM1, STAT3, SELE, MYC, ITGB2, ICAM1, HIF1A) were screened based on degree centrality (DC) ≥ 10. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the intersecting targets were primarily enriched in pathways related to cell adhesion molecules, the TNF signaling pathway, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. The target organs were predominantly expressed in whole blood and the immune system (CD33+_Myeloid, CD14+_Monocytes, BDCA4+_DentriticCells, CD56+_NKCells). Molecular docking results indicated that the active ingredients Quercetin, Decursin, Andrographolide, and its derivative 14_deoxy_11_oxa_andrographolide from the “FF-JJ-CT” combination exhibited favorable binding activities with the core targets ICAM1, ITGB2, STAT3, SELE, and VCAM1.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our work, employing data ","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 4","pages":"Article 100512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100488
Hai-Zhen LI , Yan LOU , Ying-Ying SHU , Wan-Ting JIN , Xiao-Xuan YAO , Jie SONG , Yin-Fang CHEN , Bin NIE
Dachengqi Decoction (DCQD) is a well-known prescription of catharsis in “Shang Han Lun”, composed of 4 traditional Chinese medical ingredients: Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang), Cortex Magnoliae officinalis (Houpo), Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (Zhishi) and Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao). Due to the complexity of its composition and inconsistencies in the traditional decocting process, maintaining the quality and exploring the material basis for efficacy of DCQD are challenging. In this study, we established an integrating ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and ultra-fast-performance liquid chromatography equipped with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC-QQQ-MS) method to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of different DCQD formulations. The methods of quality control and content detection of the main components of different formulations were improved by optimizing the parameters of mobile phase composition, gradient and velocity. By optimizing of the method, the separation ability of structurally similar substances such as aloe-emodin, emodin and Apigenin is greatly improved. As a result, in the qualitative analysis, 190 components were detected of which 27 compounds were unambiguously identified by comparison with reference compounds by chromatographic behavior and mass spectrum, and the remaining compounds were tentatively assigned by comparison with fragmentation pathways and characteristic fragment ions in published literature or known databases. In the quantitative analysis, the contents of 19 key ingredients across 10 formulations were determined. The results showed that some components were roughly distributed according to the proportion of Chinese herbs, such as rhein, gallic acid, physcion, hesperetin and limonin. However, the distribution of most components differed greatly from that of Chinese herbs, such as emodin, hesperidin, synephrine and honokiol, producing solubilization effect or inhibition of dissolution effect, which could explainned the varied effects of different formulations in treating conditions like intestinal obstruction and pancreatitis. This study provides a simple, fast and accurate method to identify and quantify the main components in DCQD, and makes preparations for exploring the mechanism of different formulations of DCQD to produce different efficacy in gastrointestinal disease.
{"title":"Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis to explore the material basis for different formulations of Dachengqi decoction to produce different efficacy by UPLC-QTOF-MS and UFLC-QQQ-MS","authors":"Hai-Zhen LI , Yan LOU , Ying-Ying SHU , Wan-Ting JIN , Xiao-Xuan YAO , Jie SONG , Yin-Fang CHEN , Bin NIE","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dachengqi Decoction (DCQD) is a well-known prescription of catharsis in “Shang Han Lun”, composed of 4 traditional Chinese medical ingredients: Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang), Cortex Magnoliae officinalis (Houpo), Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (Zhishi) and Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao). Due to the complexity of its composition and inconsistencies in the traditional decocting process, maintaining the quality and exploring the material basis for efficacy of DCQD are challenging. In this study, we established an integrating ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and ultra-fast-performance liquid chromatography equipped with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC-QQQ-MS) method to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of different DCQD formulations. The methods of quality control and content detection of the main components of different formulations were improved by optimizing the parameters of mobile phase composition, gradient and velocity. By optimizing of the method, the separation ability of structurally similar substances such as aloe-emodin, emodin and Apigenin is greatly improved. As a result, in the qualitative analysis, 190 components were detected of which 27 compounds were unambiguously identified by comparison with reference compounds by chromatographic behavior and mass spectrum, and the remaining compounds were tentatively assigned by comparison with fragmentation pathways and characteristic fragment ions in published literature or known databases. In the quantitative analysis, the contents of 19 key ingredients across 10 formulations were determined. The results showed that some components were roughly distributed according to the proportion of Chinese herbs, such as rhein, gallic acid, physcion, hesperetin and limonin. However, the distribution of most components differed greatly from that of Chinese herbs, such as emodin, hesperidin, synephrine and honokiol, producing solubilization effect or inhibition of dissolution effect, which could explainned the varied effects of different formulations in treating conditions like intestinal obstruction and pancreatitis. This study provides a simple, fast and accurate method to identify and quantify the main components in DCQD, and makes preparations for exploring the mechanism of different formulations of DCQD to produce different efficacy in gastrointestinal disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100487
Min LI , Qing LI , Lijie LI , Zixuan XU , Jie AN , Gaohong HE , Zhifang WU , Sijin LI , Wenjun ZHANG
Radioactive iodine waste generated from nuclear power and radioactive medical treatments has become a serious environmental issue, raising concerns about public health. Cross-linked chitosan adsorbed iodide anions through electrostatic attraction yet limit-efficiently. To achieve better adsorption performance, chitosan-coated cuprous oxide microspheres (Cu2O@CM) was proposed via one-step in-situ liquid-phase method. Both Cu2O@CM-e cross-linked with epichlorohydrin and Cu2O@CM-g cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, performing rough and spherical morphology, exhibited rapid iodine removal capacities of 0.1843 mmol/g for Cu2O@CM-e and 0.1819 mmol/g for Cu2O@CM-g within just 10 min. The adsorption process occurred through a combination of physical multilayer adsorption and chemical monolayer adsorption, driven spontaneously and endothermically. After four regeneration cycles, Cu2O@CM-e and Cu2O@CM-g maintained almost identical adsorption efficiencies, highlighting their reusability. Considering the interference of Cl– and CO32–, both adsorbents showed significant selectivity towards competing ions. Thus, both adsorbents showed promising potential for the removal of iodine waste
{"title":"Crossed-linked chitosan coated cuprous oxide microspheres for iodide adsorption via one-step in-situ generation","authors":"Min LI , Qing LI , Lijie LI , Zixuan XU , Jie AN , Gaohong HE , Zhifang WU , Sijin LI , Wenjun ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radioactive iodine waste generated from nuclear power and radioactive medical treatments has become a serious environmental issue, raising concerns about public health. Cross-linked chitosan adsorbed iodide anions through electrostatic attraction yet limit-efficiently. To achieve better adsorption performance, chitosan-coated cuprous oxide microspheres (Cu<sub>2</sub>O@CM) was proposed via one-step in-situ liquid-phase method. Both Cu<sub>2</sub>O@CM-e cross-linked with epichlorohydrin and Cu<sub>2</sub>O@CM-g cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, performing rough and spherical morphology, exhibited rapid iodine removal capacities of 0.1843 mmol/g for Cu<sub>2</sub>O@CM-e and 0.1819 mmol/g for Cu<sub>2</sub>O@CM-g within just 10 min. The adsorption process occurred through a combination of physical multilayer adsorption and chemical monolayer adsorption, driven spontaneously and endothermically. After four regeneration cycles, Cu<sub>2</sub>O@CM-e and Cu<sub>2</sub>O@CM-g maintained almost identical adsorption efficiencies, highlighting their reusability. Considering the interference of Cl<sup>–</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2–</sup>, both adsorbents showed significant selectivity towards competing ions. Thus, both adsorbents showed promising potential for the removal of iodine waste</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100489
Xiaoxu FAN , Jiaqi LIU , Jian HUA, Zhen WANG, Yiwei SHEN, Danyue SHAO, Zhenhui JIN, Jingxia WANG
Objective
To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Qiyu Granules in alleviating insulin resistance in KKAy mice.
Methods
The chemical ingredients of Qiyu Granules were analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Network pharmacology and animal experiments were used to verify the pharmacological effects of Qiyu Granules in alleviating insulin resistance in diabetic KKAy mice and to explore its mechanism of action. High-sugar, high-fat chow was fed to KKAy mice for modeling. After 12 weeks, indicators of glucose metabolism (FBG, AUC), lipid metabolism (TC, TG, LDL, HDL, FFA), liver function (ALT, AST) and insulin resistance (FINS, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, ISI) were detected. Pathological changes in pancreatic and liver tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining. Hepatic glycogen levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of InsR, p-PI3 K, p-AKT, FoxO1, PEPCK, G6pase, p-AMPK, p-GSK-3β, GLUT2, PPARγ and PPARα.
Results
FBG, AUC, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL, FFA, ALT, AST and hepatic index were decreased in mice treated with Qiyu Granules; while FINS, HOMA-β, ISI, HDL and hepatic glycogen content were increased. Qiyu Granules also improved histopathological changes in the pancreas and liver of KKAy mice. Besides, Qiyu Granules up-regulated the expression levels of InsR, p-PI3 K, p-AKT, p-AMPK, GLUT2 and PPARα proteins in the livers of mice in the model group. However, Qiyu Granules down-regulated the expression levels of FoxO1, PEPCK, G6Pase, p-GSK-3β and PPARγ proteins.
Conclusion
Qiyu Granules may regulate the InsR/PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway, AMPK pathway, and PPARγ/PPARα pathway to ameliorate insulin resistance. Therefore, Qiyu Granules is a promising hypoglycaemic agent for the treatment of DM.
{"title":"Qiyu Granules ameliorate insulin resistance via modulating PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway and AMPK/PPARγ pathway in diabetic KKAy mice","authors":"Xiaoxu FAN , Jiaqi LIU , Jian HUA, Zhen WANG, Yiwei SHEN, Danyue SHAO, Zhenhui JIN, Jingxia WANG","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Qiyu Granules in alleviating insulin resistance in KKAy mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The chemical ingredients of Qiyu Granules were analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Network pharmacology and animal experiments were used to verify the pharmacological effects of Qiyu Granules in alleviating insulin resistance in diabetic KKAy mice and to explore its mechanism of action. High-sugar, high-fat chow was fed to KKAy mice for modeling. After 12 weeks, indicators of glucose metabolism (FBG, AUC), lipid metabolism (TC, TG, LDL, HDL, FFA), liver function (ALT, AST) and insulin resistance (FINS, HOMA-IR, HOMA-<em>β</em>, ISI) were detected. Pathological changes in pancreatic and liver tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining. Hepatic glycogen levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of InsR, p-PI3 K, p-AKT, FoxO1, PEPCK, G6pase, p-AMPK, p-GSK-3β, GLUT2, PPAR<em>γ</em> and PPAR<em>α</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FBG, AUC, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL, FFA, ALT, AST and hepatic index were decreased in mice treated with Qiyu Granules; while FINS, HOMA-<em>β</em>, ISI, HDL and hepatic glycogen content were increased. Qiyu Granules also improved histopathological changes in the pancreas and liver of KKAy mice. Besides, Qiyu Granules up-regulated the expression levels of InsR, p-PI3 K, p-AKT, p-AMPK, GLUT2 and PPAR<em>α</em> proteins in the livers of mice in the model group. However, Qiyu Granules down-regulated the expression levels of FoxO1, PEPCK, G6Pase, p-GSK-3<em>β</em> and PPAR<em>γ</em> proteins.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Qiyu Granules may regulate the InsR/PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway, AMPK pathway, and PPAR<em>γ</em>/PPAR<em>α</em> pathway to ameliorate insulin resistance. Therefore, Qiyu Granules is a promising hypoglycaemic agent for the treatment of DM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100468
Xiaoxuan XU , Boxun ZHANG , Xue QU , Dongqi QU , Hang LIU , Wenlin ZHANG , Rui SUN , Linhua ZHAO , Jixiang REN , Ying ZHANG , Yangyang LIU
The Chinese Academy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)’s academician Xiaolin Tong developed the Kaiyu Jiangzhuo Tongzhi prescription (KYJZ) in response to prediabetes'’s “yu” mechanism. This study plans to thoroughly evaluate the safety and effectiveness of KYJZ in treating prediabetes and preventing diabetes mellitus. This study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 598 patients with pre-diabetes were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the KYJZ or the placebo group. The primary outcome was to assess the incidence of diabetes at the end of 48 weeks. Secondary outcomes included the rate of normal conversion to glucose tolerance at the end of 48 weeks, indicators of glucose-fat metabolism, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and Diabetes Symptom Rating Scale (DSRS), as well as body composition analysis (BCA) and diabetes risk score (DRS). Record all adverse events that occur and analyze the data collected. The results of this study will provide strong evidence for the efficacy and safety of KYJZ in reducing the incidence of diabetes mellitus in overweight/obese patients with prediabetes.
{"title":"Efficacy and safety analysis of Kaiyu Jiangzhuo Tongzhi prescription for the treatment of pre-diabetic overweight/obese patients: A multicentre randomised controlled clinical study protocol and statistical analysis plan","authors":"Xiaoxuan XU , Boxun ZHANG , Xue QU , Dongqi QU , Hang LIU , Wenlin ZHANG , Rui SUN , Linhua ZHAO , Jixiang REN , Ying ZHANG , Yangyang LIU","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Chinese Academy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)’s academician Xiaolin Tong developed the Kaiyu Jiangzhuo Tongzhi prescription (KYJZ) in response to prediabetes'’s “yu” mechanism. This study plans to thoroughly evaluate the safety and effectiveness of KYJZ in treating prediabetes and preventing diabetes mellitus. This study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 598 patients with pre-diabetes were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the KYJZ or the placebo group. The primary outcome was to assess the incidence of diabetes at the end of 48 weeks. Secondary outcomes included the rate of normal conversion to glucose tolerance at the end of 48 weeks, indicators of glucose-fat metabolism, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and Diabetes Symptom Rating Scale (DSRS), as well as body composition analysis (BCA) and diabetes risk score (DRS). Record all adverse events that occur and analyze the data collected. The results of this study will provide strong evidence for the efficacy and safety of KYJZ in reducing the incidence of diabetes mellitus in overweight/obese patients with prediabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) was used to construct stability indicating linked compounds using the HPLC technique of an anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) medicine (Bictegravir). Process-related and degrading impurities were separated on a Zorbax SB-C8 (150×4.6) mm, 3.5 m column. The buffer pH of the mobile phase was kept at 2.5 by employing potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05 M Mobile phase A contains 5 % methanol and 95 % buffer, whereas mobile phase B contains 50 % acetonitrile, 10 % methanol, 25 % tetrahydrofuran, and 15 % water. The completed chromatographic settings were a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, a detector wavelength of UV at 250 nm, and an injection volume of 20 µL. This approach has been verified in accordance with ICH recommendations. The approach was discovered to be particular, sensitive, linear, exact, and accurate. The limit of quantification for all contaminants was determined to be < 0.05 %, the correlation coefficient for all impurities is between 0.9996 and 1.0000, and the percent recovery for all impurities is between 91 % and 108 % at the LOQ level and 97 % to 113 % at the specification level. Forced degradation experiments in chemical and physical stress tests were performed in accordance with regulatory criteria, and the molecule was discovered to be susceptible to acid and base hydrolysis. Imp-A was the most common degrading impurity in both acid and base hydrolysis.
{"title":"Development of LC/LCMS method for estimation of impurities in anti-HIV drug (Bictegravir) using Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) approach","authors":"Divya Kumar VEMURI , Rambabu GUNDLA , Jayaprakash Kanijam RAGHUPATHI , Nagalakshmi JEEDIMALLA , Gowri Sankararao BURLE , Naresh Kumar KATARI , Sreekantha Babu JONNALAGADDA","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) was used to construct stability indicating linked compounds using the HPLC technique of an anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) medicine (Bictegravir). Process-related and degrading impurities were separated on a Zorbax SB-C8 (150×4.6) mm, 3.5 m column. The buffer pH of the mobile phase was kept at 2.5 by employing potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05 M Mobile phase A contains 5 % methanol and 95 % buffer, whereas mobile phase B contains 50 % acetonitrile, 10 % methanol, 25 % tetrahydrofuran, and 15 % water. The completed chromatographic settings were a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, a detector wavelength of UV at 250 nm, and an injection volume of 20 µL. This approach has been verified in accordance with ICH recommendations. The approach was discovered to be particular, sensitive, linear, exact, and accurate. The limit of quantification for all contaminants was determined to be < 0.05 %, the correlation coefficient for all impurities is between 0.9996 and 1.0000, and the percent recovery for all impurities is between 91 % and 108 % at the LOQ level and 97 % to 113 % at the specification level. Forced degradation experiments in chemical and physical stress tests were performed in accordance with regulatory criteria, and the molecule was discovered to be susceptible to acid and base hydrolysis. Imp-A was the most common degrading impurity in both acid and base hydrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
African swine fever virus (ASFV) has resulted in significant economic detriment to the livestock industry in recent years. Highly sensitive and accurate detection methods are currently the most effective means for ASFV prevention and control. In this work, the ASFV p54 recombinant protein was successfully expressed by plasmid construction, prokaryotic expression and purification. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were obtained using hybridoma cell technology. Through pair analysis, mAb-6E5 and mAb-4D7 were selected for p54 detection, both exhibiting high affinity and no cross-reactivity with other ASFV proteins. Based on the sandwich colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay principle, a p54 test strip was constructed using 6E5 as the capture antibody and 2D7 as the detection antibody, with a limit of detection of 1.51 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-assay recoveries ranged from 87.8% to 110.6%, with variable coefficient of less than 11.1%. Positive serum samples further confirmed the accuracy of the assay. This developed test strip has the potential to serve as an effective tool for ASFV detection and could play a crucial role in the prevention and management of African Swine Fever (ASF) outbreaks.
{"title":"Paper-based immunosensor for quantitative detection of African swine fever virus p54 protein","authors":"Ling-Ling GUO, Xin-Xin XU, Li-Qiang LIU, Hua KUANG, Chuan-Lai XU","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>African swine fever virus (ASFV) has resulted in significant economic detriment to the livestock industry in recent years. Highly sensitive and accurate detection methods are currently the most effective means for ASFV prevention and control. In this work, the ASFV p54 recombinant protein was successfully expressed by plasmid construction, prokaryotic expression and purification. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were obtained using hybridoma cell technology. Through pair analysis, mAb-6E5 and mAb-4D7 were selected for p54 detection, both exhibiting high affinity and no cross-reactivity with other ASFV proteins. Based on the sandwich colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay principle, a p54 test strip was constructed using 6E5 as the capture antibody and 2D7 as the detection antibody, with a limit of detection of 1.51 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-assay recoveries ranged from 87.8% to 110.6%, with variable coefficient of less than 11.1%. Positive serum samples further confirmed the accuracy of the assay. This developed test strip has the potential to serve as an effective tool for ASFV detection and could play a crucial role in the prevention and management of African Swine Fever (ASF) outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 100477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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