The Pro-reparative Engine: Stem Cells Aid Healing by Dampening Inflammation.

Purpose of review: Stem cells have been proposed as sources for tissue replacement when healing does not occur. These cells could contribute directly to skin structures via differentiation, or via producing trophic factors that would 'educate' the micro-environment to encourage tissue repair. Studies in animals have supported both mechanisms, but translation to humans has been challenged by poor cell survival after transplantation. However, the improvement noted with even transient existence suggests another new possibility, that of suppressing the inflammatory response that limits regenerative healing. Herein, we will propose that this immunomodulatory aspect holds promise for promoting skin healing.

Recent findings: We have found that stem cell transplantation into wounds can dampen both acute and chronic inflammation, leading to more regenerative-like healing and diminished scarring.

Summary: Wound healing could be improved by dampening inflammation both initially to allow for tissue replacement to proceed and late to reduce scarring.