{"title":"荷兰人对脚气病的研究:克里斯蒂安·艾克曼对高木金弘的日本海军饮食改革的研究与评价。","authors":"Noboru Yamashita, Tadaomi Aikawa","doi":"","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dutch researcher Christiaan Eijkman realized that a form of Polyneuritis closely resembling Beriberi occurred among chickens that were fed with cooked, instead of raw rice. He found that the cause of this illness lay in the nutritional differences between rice that still had its bran layer, and polished white rice. He also found that this bran layer had a therapeutic effect. He decided to investigate the incidence of Beriberi among humans by comparing a diet based on white rice with one based on unpolished, full-grain rice. In 1898, he published 'Beri-Beri en Voeding, Een Kritisch-Historische Studie' (Beri-beri and Feeding, An Important Historical Study), in which he discussed the diet reforms of Van Leent in the Dutch East Indian Navy, and of Kanehiro Takaki in the Japanese Navy. Notwithstanding the fact that Takaki's research was highly praised by the Lancet, Eijkman was very critical of his research methods. He was conscious, however, that a shift had occurred in the research of Beriberi from bacteria-based research to nutritional deficiencies, and discussed Takaki's findings insofar as he could.</p>","PeriodicalId":74310,"journal":{"name":"Nihon ishigaku zasshi. [Journal of Japanese history of medicine]","volume":"63 1","pages":"3-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Dutch Research on Beriberi: I. Christiaan Eijkman's Research and Evaluation of Kanehiro Takaki's Diet Reforms of the Japanese Navy.\",\"authors\":\"Noboru Yamashita, Tadaomi Aikawa\",\"doi\":\"\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Dutch researcher Christiaan Eijkman realized that a form of Polyneuritis closely resembling Beriberi occurred among chickens that were fed with cooked, instead of raw rice. He found that the cause of this illness lay in the nutritional differences between rice that still had its bran layer, and polished white rice. He also found that this bran layer had a therapeutic effect. He decided to investigate the incidence of Beriberi among humans by comparing a diet based on white rice with one based on unpolished, full-grain rice. In 1898, he published 'Beri-Beri en Voeding, Een Kritisch-Historische Studie' (Beri-beri and Feeding, An Important Historical Study), in which he discussed the diet reforms of Van Leent in the Dutch East Indian Navy, and of Kanehiro Takaki in the Japanese Navy. Notwithstanding the fact that Takaki's research was highly praised by the Lancet, Eijkman was very critical of his research methods. He was conscious, however, that a shift had occurred in the research of Beriberi from bacteria-based research to nutritional deficiencies, and discussed Takaki's findings insofar as he could.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":74310,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Nihon ishigaku zasshi. [Journal of Japanese history of medicine]\",\"volume\":\"63 1\",\"pages\":\"3-21\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2017-03-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Nihon ishigaku zasshi. [Journal of Japanese history of medicine]\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nihon ishigaku zasshi. [Journal of Japanese history of medicine]","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
荷兰研究人员克里斯蒂安·艾克曼(Christiaan Eijkman)意识到,一种与脚气病非常相似的多神经炎发生在用煮熟的大米而不是生大米喂养的鸡身上。他发现这种疾病的原因在于仍有麸皮层的大米和精米之间的营养差异。他还发现这种麸皮层有治疗作用。他决定通过比较以白米为基础的饮食和以未经加工的全粒米为基础的饮食,来调查人类脚气病的发病率。1898年,他出版了《Beri-Beri en Voeding, Een Kritisch-Historische Study》(Beri-Beri和Feeding,一项重要的历史研究),其中他讨论了荷兰东印度海军Van Leent和日本海军Kanehiro Takaki的饮食改革。尽管Takaki的研究受到了《柳叶刀》的高度赞扬,但Eijkman对他的研究方法非常挑剔。然而,他意识到,脚气病的研究已经发生了转变,从基于细菌的研究转向了营养不足的研究,并尽可能地讨论了高木的发现。
Dutch Research on Beriberi: I. Christiaan Eijkman's Research and Evaluation of Kanehiro Takaki's Diet Reforms of the Japanese Navy.
Dutch researcher Christiaan Eijkman realized that a form of Polyneuritis closely resembling Beriberi occurred among chickens that were fed with cooked, instead of raw rice. He found that the cause of this illness lay in the nutritional differences between rice that still had its bran layer, and polished white rice. He also found that this bran layer had a therapeutic effect. He decided to investigate the incidence of Beriberi among humans by comparing a diet based on white rice with one based on unpolished, full-grain rice. In 1898, he published 'Beri-Beri en Voeding, Een Kritisch-Historische Studie' (Beri-beri and Feeding, An Important Historical Study), in which he discussed the diet reforms of Van Leent in the Dutch East Indian Navy, and of Kanehiro Takaki in the Japanese Navy. Notwithstanding the fact that Takaki's research was highly praised by the Lancet, Eijkman was very critical of his research methods. He was conscious, however, that a shift had occurred in the research of Beriberi from bacteria-based research to nutritional deficiencies, and discussed Takaki's findings insofar as he could.