Detection of herpes viruses in Ghanaian patients with periodontitis

Aim

The complexity of periodontitis in both etiology and progression has raised many questions, necessitating enormous research in recent years. The aim of the present study was to detect the presence of herpes viruses in Ghanaian patients diagnosed with periodontitis.

Methods

Thirty-one patients were included in the study; 21 with periodontitis classified into localized chronic, generalized, and aggressive periodontitis, and 10 without the disease were used as controls. Subgingival samples were collected, followed by DNA extraction. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify viral DNA for the detection of herpes viruses. Data was analyzed using Stata 14.

Results

The mean age for patients with aggressive periodontitis was 32.2 years (standard deviation [SD]: 8.50), while those for localized chronic periodontitis and generalized chronic periodontitis were 40.6 years (SD: 7.83) and 46.3 years (SD: 12.12), respectively. Viruses were detected only among patients clinically diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis. Of the total number of aggressive periodontitis patients, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and Epstein-Barr virus (HBV) were found in four (44%) and one (11%), respectively. The mean age for patients found to have HSV-1 or EBV was 29 years (SD: 6.93).

Conclusion

We found HSV-1 and EBV in the subgingival plaque samples of Ghanaian patients clinically diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis. While our finding requires further investigation, the role of HSV in periodontitis, if elucidated, could transform and inform the clinical management of the condition.