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Oral health status of children with epilepsy in Hong Kong 香港癫痫患儿的口腔健康状况。
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12479
Patricia M. Yeung, Virginia C. N. Wong, Colman P. McGrath, Cynthia K. Y. Yiu, Gillian H. M. Lee

Aim

This study assessed and compared the oral health status, dental trauma experience and oral health habits of children with and without epilepsy.

Methods

Thirty-five children with epilepsy aged 3-18 years old were recruited from the pediatric neurology clinics of 2 university-affiliated district hospitals. A sample of 35 age- and gender-matched healthy children was recruited as controls. Clinical data on caries, gingival health, oral hygiene level and dental trauma were collected and compared between the groups. Information about children’s oral health habits and reported dental trauma experience were obtained by structured questionnaire.

Results

Children with epilepsy had significantly poorer gingival health than healthy controls. No significant differences in dental caries experience, oral hygiene level, dental trauma experience, oral health habits and dental care service utilization were observed between the children with and without epilepsy. Among the children with epilepsy, those taking more than 1 antiepileptic drug had a greater prevalence of dental caries when compared with those receiving mono-antiepileptic drug therapy. The presence of gingival hyperplasia indicated poorer gingival health in epileptic children.

Conclusion

The study shows that children with epilepsy had poorer oral health status in terms of gingival health than those without epilepsy.

目的本研究评估并比较了癫痫患儿和非癫痫患儿的口腔健康状况、口腔创伤经历和口腔健康习惯。方法从2所大学附属地区医院的儿科神经科门诊招募5名3～18岁的癫痫患儿。招募了35名年龄和性别匹配的健康儿童作为对照。收集各组的龋齿、牙龈健康、口腔卫生水平和牙齿创伤的临床数据并进行比较。通过结构化问卷获得儿童口腔健康习惯和报告的牙科创伤经历信息。结果癫痫患儿的牙龈健康状况明显低于健康对照组。癫痫患儿与非癫痫患儿在龋齿经历、口腔卫生水平、口腔创伤经历、口腔健康习惯和口腔护理服务利用率方面无显著差异。在癫痫儿童中，与接受单一抗癫痫药物治疗的儿童相比，服用1种以上抗癫痫药物的儿童龋齿患病率更高。牙龈增生的存在表明癫痫儿童的牙龈健康状况较差。结论研究表明，患有癫痫的儿童在牙龈健康方面的口腔健康状况比没有癫痫的儿童差。
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引用次数: 4
Silicon-based film on the yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal: Surface and shear bond strength analysis 氧化钇稳定的四方氧化锆多晶上的硅基薄膜：表面和剪切结合强度分析。
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12477
Alecsandro de Moura Silva, Viviane Maria Gonçalves de Figueiredo, Marcos Massi, Renata Falchete do Prado, Argemiro Soares da Silva Sobrinho, José Reinaldo Cavalcanti de Queiroz, Lafayette Nogueira Junior

Aim

To analyze the effect of a silicon (Si)-based film deposited on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) on the topography and bond strength of resin cement.

Methods

Specimens of zirconia were obtained and randomly divided into 4 groups, according to surface treatment: polished group (PG) zirconia; sandblasted group (SG) zirconia with aluminum oxide (100 µm); after polished, zirconia was coated with Si-based film group (SiFG); and after sandblasted, zirconia was coated with Si-based film group (SiFSG). The Si-based films were obtained through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Surface roughness and contact angle analysis were performed. Resin cement cylinders were built up on the treated surface of blocks, after applying Monobond-S. The specimens were submitted to thermocycling aging and shear bond strength testing. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were performed.

Results

There were significant differences between the surface treatments for each roughness parameter measured. Si-based film increased roughness and decreased the contact angle. Si-based film groups also demonstrated significantly lower bond strength values.

Conclusion

Si-based film produced using plasma deposition provided lower bond strength to resin cement compared with conventional treatment; however, the film deposition reduced the contact angle and improved roughness, favorable properties in the long way to prepare an optimum material.

目的分析在钇稳定的四方氧化锆多晶（Y-TZP）上沉积硅基薄膜对树脂水泥形貌和粘结强度的影响。方法取氧化锆样品，按表面处理方法随机分为4组：抛光组（PG）氧化锆；喷砂组（SG）氧化锆与氧化铝（100µm）；抛光后，在氧化锆上涂覆硅基薄膜组（SiFG）；并且在喷砂后用Si基膜组（SiFSG）涂覆氧化锆。通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积获得了硅基薄膜。进行表面粗糙度和接触角分析。在应用Monobond-S后，在砌块的处理表面上建立树脂水泥圆柱体。将试样进行热循环老化和剪切结合强度测试。进行了Kruskal Wallis和Mann Whitney的U型转弯。结果对于每个测量的粗糙度参数，表面处理之间存在显著差异。硅基薄膜增加了粗糙度，减小了接触角。硅基薄膜组也表现出显著较低的结合强度值。结论与传统处理相比，使用等离子体沉积制备的硅基薄膜对树脂水泥的结合强度较低；然而，薄膜沉积降低了接触角，提高了粗糙度，在长时间内制备出性能良好的最佳材料。
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引用次数: 5
Evaluation of biologic implant success parameters in type 2 diabetic glycemic control patients versus healthy patients: A meta-analysis 2型糖尿病血糖控制患者与健康患者生物植入成功参数的评估：一项荟萃分析
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12478
Victor L. Lagunov, Jing Sun, Roy George

Aim

The aim of the present systematic literature review was to evaluate bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), and marginal bone loss (MBL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) control patients.

Methods

An electronic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect. The search included prospective human clinical studies that analyzed the success of dental implants in T2DM control patients. For inclusion, studies should have had a minimum of 1-year follow up and should have assessed the following parameters: MBL, BOP and PD. Prior to meta-analysis, all of the studies were assessed for quality, bias, and heterogeneity.

Results

Risk of bias analysis indicated that all studies were of moderate quality. After a full-text evaluation, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis, with a combined total of 443 patients and 530 dental implants. The meta-analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between parameters of implants placed in the glycemic-controlled group and healthy group in MBL (P < .001), BOP (P < .04), and PD (P < .001).

Conclusion

The results of the present study indicated that, despite being glycemic controlled, patients with T2DM were associated with a higher risk of peri-implant disease.

目的本系统文献综述的目的是评估2型糖尿病（T2DM）对照患者的探查出血（BOP）、袋深（PD）和边缘骨丢失（MBL）。方法通过PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane、Embase和ScienceDirect进行电子文献检索。该研究包括前瞻性人类临床研究，分析了T2DM对照患者种植牙的成功率。对于纳入，研究应至少进行1年的随访，并评估以下参数：MBL、BOP和PD。在荟萃分析之前，对所有研究的质量、偏倚和异质性进行了评估。结果偏倚风险分析表明，所有研究质量中等。经过全文评估，只有7项研究符合荟萃分析的纳入标准，共有443名患者和530个种植牙。荟萃分析表明，血糖控制组和健康组植入物的MBL（P＜0.001）、BOP（P＜0.04）和PD（P＜.001）参数之间存在统计学显著差异。结论本研究的结果表明，尽管血糖控制，T2DM患者患种植体周围疾病的风险较高。
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引用次数: 19
Evaluating and comparing the morphological and histopathological changes induced by erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and diamond bur on enamel, dentin and pulp tissue 评价和比较铒钇铝石榴石激光和金刚石烧伤对牙釉质、牙本质和牙髓组织的形态学和组织病理学改变。
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12475
Shaik Mohamed Shamsudeen, Rooban Thavarajah, Elizabeth Joshua, Uma Devi K. Rao, Ranganathan Kannan

Aim

Lasers are used for different types of dental treatments. Using the erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser to remove dental hard tissue is simple, advantageous and influences the type of cavity preparation, whether conventional or conservative in nature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the morphological and histopathological changes in the enamel, dentin and pulp tissue of the teeth treated by Er:YAG laser and conventional burs.

Methods

A conventional class I cavity was prepared in orthodontic patients by laser and bur. The teeth were extracted and analyzed for morphological changes using a scanning electron microscope, ground sections and histopathological changes under a light microscope.

Results

The time with laser was longer than the conventional methods. The lased cavity showed irregular appearance with absence of smear layer which is suitable for the resin restoration. The ground section and the histopathological study showed no differences between the groups.

Conclusion

The Er:YAG laser is effective in the removal of dental hard tissue without damaging the pulp when coupled with ideal energy output. It is widely used in different dental fields. It needs time to be accepted by dentist and patients and further studies are required to explore its advantages.

AIM激光用于不同类型的牙科治疗。使用铒：钇铝石榴石（Er:YAG）激光器去除牙齿硬组织是简单、有利的，并且影响腔体制备的类型，无论是传统的还是保守的。本研究的目的是评估和比较Er:YAG激光和传统牙套治疗牙齿的釉质、牙本质和牙髓组织的形态学和组织病理学变化。方法用激光和钻制备口腔正畸患者的常规I类口腔。提取牙齿，并使用扫描电子显微镜分析其形态变化，在光学显微镜下进行研磨切片和组织病理学变化。结果激光照射时间比传统方法长。lased腔外观不规则，无涂抹层，适合树脂修复。地面切片和组织病理学研究显示两组之间没有差异。结论Er:YAG激光与理想的能量输出相结合，可以有效地去除牙齿硬组织，而不会损伤牙髓。它被广泛应用于不同的牙科领域。它需要时间才能被牙医和患者接受，还需要进一步的研究来探索它的优势。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of biologic implant success parameters in type 2 diabetic glycemic control patients versus health patients: A meta-analysis. 2型糖尿病血糖控制患者与健康患者生物植入成功参数的评价:一项荟萃分析。
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12478
Victor L Lagunov, Jing Sun, R. George
AIMThe aim of the present systematic literature review was to evaluate bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), and marginal bone loss (MBL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) control patients.METHODSAn electronic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect. The search included prospective human clinical studies that analyzed the success of dental implants in T2DM control patients. For inclusion, studies should have had a minimum of 1-year follow up and should have assessed the following parameters: MBL, BOP and PD. Prior to meta-analysis, all of the studies were assessed for quality, bias, and heterogeneity.RESULTSRisk of bias analysis indicated that all studies were of moderate quality. After a full-text evaluation, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis, with a combined total of 443 patients and 530 dental implants. The meta-analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between parameters of implants placed in the glycemic-controlled group and healthy group in MBL (P < .001), BOP (P < .04), and PD (P < .001).CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study indicated that, despite being glycemic controlled, patients with T2DM were associated with a higher risk of peri-implant disease.
目的:本系统文献综述的目的是评估2型糖尿病(T2DM)对照患者的探查(BOP)、口袋深度(PD)和边缘骨质流失(MBL)出血情况。方法通过PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane、Embase和ScienceDirect进行电子文献检索。这项研究包括前瞻性的人类临床研究，分析了2型糖尿病对照患者种植牙的成功率。纳入的研究应至少有1年的随访，并应评估以下参数:MBL、BOP和PD。在荟萃分析之前，对所有研究的质量、偏倚和异质性进行了评估。结果偏倚风险分析显示，所有研究质量均为中等。在全文评估后，只有7项研究符合本荟萃分析的纳入标准，总共443名患者和530名牙种植体。meta分析显示，血糖控制组与健康组植入物在MBL (P < 0.001)、BOP (P < 0.01)和PD (P < 0.001)方面的参数差异有统计学意义。结论本研究结果表明，尽管血糖得到控制，T2DM患者仍有较高的种植体周围疾病风险。
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引用次数: 20
Immunoexpression of alpha smooth muscle actin correlates with serum transforming growth factor-β1 levels in oral submucous fibrosis 口腔黏膜下纤维化中α -平滑肌肌动蛋白的免疫表达与血清转化生长因子-β1水平相关。
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12473
Iqbal Singh, Saurabh Juneja, Ankita Tandon, Anshi Jain, Devi Charan Shetty, Aashka Sethi

Aim

The aim of the present study was to correlate the immunoexpression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) for myofibroblasts with the serum levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).

Methods

A total of 100 cases of histopathologically confirmed OSMF were assessed for α-SMA expression. Clinical data, such as age, sex, mouth opening, and habit history, were obtained for each case. Serum TGF-β1 levels were recorded in 73 patients with the help of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay technique.

Results

The staining index of α-SMA increased concomitantly with higher myofibroblast count in the increasing histopathological grades of OSMF (P ≤ .05). Serum TGF-β1 levels were highest in the intermediate grades of OSMF. Clinical parameters, such as mouth opening, cheek flexibility, and tongue protrusion, showed a direct correlation with increasing clinical grades of OSMF.

Conclusions

The progressive increase in myofibroblasts from early to advanced stages suggests their potential use as markers for evaluating the severity of OSMF. Additionally, as myofibroblasts are responsible for producing a variety of factors that are involved in the fibrotic processes; they could be the key link in the pathogenesis of OSMF. Interruption of their development, recruitment, or activation could provide a unique therapeutic target for future treatment options in patients with OSMF.

目的探讨口腔黏膜下纤维化(OSMF)患者血清转化生长因子-β1 (TGF-β1)水平与肌成纤维细胞α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)免疫表达的相关性。方法对100例经组织病理学证实的OSMF进行α-SMA表达检测。每个病例的临床资料，如年龄、性别、开口、习惯史。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法记录73例患者血清TGF-β1水平。结果随着OSMF组织病理分级的增加，α-SMA染色指数随肌成纤维细胞计数的增加而升高(P≤0.05)。中重度OSMF患者血清TGF-β1水平最高。临床参数，如开口、脸颊柔韧性和舌头突出，显示与OSMF临床分级的增加直接相关。结论肌成纤维细胞从早期到晚期的逐渐增加表明它们可能作为评估OSMF严重程度的标记物。此外，由于肌成纤维细胞负责产生多种参与纤维化过程的因子;它们可能是OSMF发病的关键环节。阻断它们的发育、募集或激活可以为OSMF患者的未来治疗选择提供一个独特的治疗靶点。
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引用次数: 3
Dental status of the Iranian elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis 伊朗老年人的牙齿状况：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2019-10-18 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12459
Maryam Rabiei, Hossein Masoudi Rad, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Shooka Ashourizadeh

Tooth loss is an important health dilemma. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of dental status and edentulism in the elderly residing in Iran. An electronic search of the literature was carried out on Farsi and English databases using the following keywords: edentulism, dental caries, elderly, oral and dental health, edentulous, geriatric, caries, dentate, Iran, and prevalence. Articles that met the eligibility criteria according to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies In Epidemiology) checklist were selected and entered into the meta-analysis. Data were analyzed using Stata 13.1 software, and the metan and metareg packages for used for the meta-regression and meta-analysis. Of the 172 articles retrieved, 154 were used after eliminating the duplicates, and their full texts were read. Of the 4574 participants evaluated in 13 studies, 2227 (48.7%) were completely edentulous (95% confidence interval [CI]: .49-.49). Of the 4423 participants evaluated in 12 studies, 2286 (51.7%) were dentate (95% CI: .52-.52). The mean number of remaining teeth was 5.73 (95% CI: 5.73-5.73) in six studies conducted on 2782 participants. Approximately 50% of the elderly in Iran are completely edentulous. Efforts should be made to improve dental care instruction, provision of dental care services in the public sector, and dental insurance coverage to promote the dental status of elderly Iranians.

牙齿脱落是一个重要的健康难题。本研究的目的是对居住在伊朗的老年人的牙齿状况和缺牙症进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。在波斯语和英语数据库中使用以下关键词对文献进行了电子搜索：缺牙症、龋齿、老年人、口腔和牙齿健康、无牙症、老年病、龋齿、牙齿、伊朗和患病率。根据STROBE（加强流行病学观察研究报告）检查表，符合资格标准的文章被选中并进入荟萃分析。使用Stata 13.1软件以及用于元回归和荟萃分析的metan和metareg包对数据进行分析。在检索到的172篇文章中，154篇是在消除重复后使用的，并阅读了它们的全文。在13项研究中评估的4574名参与者中，2227人（48.7%）完全无牙（95%置信区间[CI]:.49-.49）。在12项研究中，4423名参与者中有2286人（51.7%）有牙（95%可信区间：.52-.52）。在对2782名参与者进行的6项研究中的平均剩余牙齿数为5.73颗（95%可信范围：5.73-5.73）。伊朗大约50%的老年人完全没有牙齿。应努力改善牙科护理指导、公共部门牙科护理服务的提供以及牙科保险，以提高伊朗老年人的牙科地位。
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引用次数: 4
Development and pilot study of an oral health literacy tool for older adults 老年人口腔健康扫盲工具的开发和试点研究。
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2019-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12465
Pinpinut Wanichsaithong, Michaela Goodwin, Iain A. Pretty

Aim

Oral health literacy is emerging as an important element in oral health promotion, but few studies have been conducted in older adults. This work aimed to develop and validate the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Dentistry for Older Adults (OA-TOFHLiD).

Methods

The tool was developed by a researcher and then evaluated by experts for face validity. A convenience sample was conducted to recruit 105 older adults, aged more than 60 years in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in 2016. 2 existing health literacy tools and the newly developed test were administered and oral health statuses were examined by a dentist.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 67.4 years (SD = 5.86). The OA-TOFHLiD scores were positively correlated with education, income, self-reported general literacy, health literacy scores and dental caries. However, it was negatively correlated with the number of decayed and missing teeth (P < .05). Cronbach's alpha was 0.88 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.86.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that OA-TOFHLiD has acceptable validity and reliability; however, it is suggested that the predictive validity of this tool should be improved.

AIM口腔健康素养正在成为促进口腔健康的一个重要因素，但很少对老年人进行研究。这项工作旨在开发和验证老年人牙科功能健康素养测试（OA TOFHLiD）。方法该工具由一名研究人员开发，然后由专家评估面部有效性。2016年，在泰国清迈进行了一项便利抽样，招募了105名60岁以上的老年人。使用2种现有的健康知识工具和新开发的测试，并由牙医检查口腔健康状况。结果参与者的平均年龄为67.4岁（SD=5.86）。OA TOFHLiD评分与教育程度、收入、自我报告的一般识字率、健康识字率和龋齿呈正相关。然而，它与蛀牙和缺牙的数量呈负相关（P<.05）。Cronbachα为0.88，组内相关系数为0.86。结论本研究表明OA TOFHLiD具有可接受的有效性和可靠性；然而，建议该工具的预测有效性应该得到提高。
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引用次数: 9
Anatomical factors associated with gender recognizability: A study on intraoral standardized photographs 与性别识别相关的解剖学因素:一项口腔内标准化照片的研究。
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2019-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12476
Stefano Corbella, Alice Alberti, Martina Muzzarelli, Beatrice Zotti, Silvio Taschieri, Luca Francetti

Aim

The aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility of identifying the sex of 1 subject through visual assessment of a frontal photograph of dentition, and to investigate if some morphological characteristics are related to sex determination.

Methods

5 expert dentists, 5 non-expert dentists and 5 laypeople were made to watch 100 intraoral photographs for 5 seconds each and to establish their sex. The responses of the participants and the baseline characteristics of photographed dentitions were analyzed.

Results

The proportion of right answers was 56.0% ± 8.2% in the group of expert dentists, 65.0% ± 6.0% in the group of non-expert dentists and 58.6% ± 4.5% in the group of non-expert people. The round shape of maxillary central incisors was related to the female gender (P = .006). The male condition was correlated with poor oral hygiene for 4 observers. Female sex perception was correlated with round morphology of upper central incisors for 3 observers.

Conclusion

No difference in the ability to determine the sex was registered among groups, suggesting that sex perception is not strongly influenced by the characteristics of dentition.

目的本研究的目的是评估通过牙列正面照片的视觉评估来识别1名受试者性别的可能性，并探讨一些形态学特征是否与性别决定有关。方法让5名专业牙医、5名非专业牙医和5名普通人观看100张各5秒的口腔内照片，并确定其性别。分析了被试的反应和所拍牙列的基线特征。结果专家组正确率为56.0%±8.2%，非专家组为65.0%±6.0%，非专家组为58.6%±4.5%。上颌中切牙圆形与女性相关(P = 0.006)。4例男性患者口腔卫生状况与口腔卫生不良相关。女性性知觉与上中切牙圆形形态相关。结论各组对性别的判断能力无显著差异，表明牙列特征对性别感知的影响不大。
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引用次数: 2
Validation of Thai version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale: Validation among Thai adults with physical disabilities 泰国版牙科健康素养量表的验证:泰国成人身体残疾的验证。
Q1 Medicine
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
Pub Date : 2019-10-15 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12474
Nithimar Sermsuti-Anuwat, Sathirakorn Pongpanich

Aim

To validate the Thai version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (HeLD-Th) among Thai adults with physical disabilities.

Methods

The original Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD) was translated into Thai (HeLD-Th). The final version of the HeLD-Th was evaluated through a cross-sectional study of 160 participants in Thailand. Interview questionnaires and oral examination were performed. The reliability and validity of the HeLD-Th were determined.

Results

The internal consistency was acceptable, with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.76. The face and content validity were confirmed. Sufficient construct validity was revealed by exploratory factor analysis. The convergent validity (P ≤ .013) and discriminant validity (P = .017) were estimated. The concurrent validity and predictive validity were confirmed by significantly higher HeLD-Th scores (P < .001). Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that approximately 60% of the variation in the HeLD-Th scores was explained by the final model.

Conclusion

The HeLD-Th has sufficient psychometric properties to assess the oral health literacy of Thai adults with mild to moderate disabilities. There are some limitations of the study due to the small sample size, and the results are specific to Thai adults with disabilities. Future studies using the HeLD-Th scale are recommended.

目的:在泰国身体残疾成人中验证泰国版牙科健康素养量表(HeLD-Th)。方法将原《牙科健康素养》(HeLD)翻译成泰文(HeLD- th)。通过对泰国160名参与者的横断面研究，对hold - th的最终版本进行了评估。进行访谈问卷和口试。确定了hold - th的信度和效度。结果内部一致性可接受，总体Cronbach’s alpha为0.76。验证了面部效度和内容效度。探索性因子分析显示具有足够的构念效度。估计收敛效度(P≤0.013)和判别效度(P = 0.017)。并发效度和预测效度以显著提高的HeLD-Th评分证实(P < 0.001)。多元线性回归分析表明，大约60%的HeLD-Th分数的变化可以由最终模型解释。结论HeLD-Th量表具有足够的心理测量性质，可用于评估泰国轻中度残疾成人的口腔健康素养。由于样本量小，本研究存在一定的局限性，研究结果仅针对泰国成年残疾人。建议将来使用HeLD-Th量表进行研究。
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