V Hubka, V Barrs, Z Dudová, F Sklenář, A Kubátová, T Matsuzawa, T Yaguchi, Y Horie, A Nováková, J C Frisvad, J J Talbot, M Kolařík
{"title":"解开黄曲霉复合物中的物种边界(熏蒸部分):能够进行种间杂交的人类和动物机会性病原体。","authors":"V Hubka, V Barrs, Z Dudová, F Sklenář, A Kubátová, T Matsuzawa, T Yaguchi, Y Horie, A Nováková, J C Frisvad, J J Talbot, M Kolařík","doi":"10.3767/persoonia.2018.41.08","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> is the major agent of invasive aspergillosis, an increasing number of infections are caused by its cryptic species, especially <i>A. lentulus</i> and the <i>A. viridinutans</i> species complex (AVSC). Their identification is clinically relevant because of antifungal drug resistance and refractory infections. Species boundaries in the AVSC are unresolved since most species have uniform morphology and produce interspecific hybrids <i>in vitro</i>. Clinical and environmental strains from six continents (n = 110) were characterized by DNA sequencing of four to six loci. Biological compatibilities were tested within and between major phylogenetic clades, and ascospore morphology was characterised. Species delimitation methods based on the multispecies coalescent model (MSC) supported recognition of ten species including one new species. Four species are confirmed opportunistic pathogens; <i>A. udagawae</i> followed by <i>A. felis</i> and <i>A. pseudoviridinutans</i> are known from opportunistic human infections, while <i>A. felis</i> followed by <i>A. udagawae</i> and <i>A. wyomingensis</i> are agents of feline sino-orbital aspergillosis. Recently described human-pathogenic species <i>A. parafelis</i> and <i>A. pseudofelis</i> are synonymized with <i>A. felis</i> and an epitype is designated for <i>A. udagawae</i>. Intraspecific mating assay showed that only a few of the heterothallic species can readily generate sexual morphs <i>in vitro</i>. Interspecific mating assays revealed that five different species combinations were biologically compatible<i>.</i> Hybrid ascospores had atypical surface ornamentation and significantly different dimensions compared to parental species. This suggests that species limits in the AVSC are maintained by both pre- and post-zygotic barriers and these species display a great potential for rapid adaptation and modulation of virulence. This study highlights that a sufficient number of strains representing genetic diversity within a species is essential for meaningful species boundaries delimitation in cryptic species complexes. 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Their identification is clinically relevant because of antifungal drug resistance and refractory infections. Species boundaries in the AVSC are unresolved since most species have uniform morphology and produce interspecific hybrids <i>in vitro</i>. Clinical and environmental strains from six continents (n = 110) were characterized by DNA sequencing of four to six loci. Biological compatibilities were tested within and between major phylogenetic clades, and ascospore morphology was characterised. Species delimitation methods based on the multispecies coalescent model (MSC) supported recognition of ten species including one new species. Four species are confirmed opportunistic pathogens; <i>A. udagawae</i> followed by <i>A. felis</i> and <i>A. pseudoviridinutans</i> are known from opportunistic human infections, while <i>A. felis</i> followed by <i>A. udagawae</i> and <i>A. wyomingensis</i> are agents of feline sino-orbital aspergillosis. 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Unravelling species boundaries in the Aspergillus viridinutans complex (section Fumigati): opportunistic human and animal pathogens capable of interspecific hybridization.
Although Aspergillus fumigatus is the major agent of invasive aspergillosis, an increasing number of infections are caused by its cryptic species, especially A. lentulus and the A. viridinutans species complex (AVSC). Their identification is clinically relevant because of antifungal drug resistance and refractory infections. Species boundaries in the AVSC are unresolved since most species have uniform morphology and produce interspecific hybrids in vitro. Clinical and environmental strains from six continents (n = 110) were characterized by DNA sequencing of four to six loci. Biological compatibilities were tested within and between major phylogenetic clades, and ascospore morphology was characterised. Species delimitation methods based on the multispecies coalescent model (MSC) supported recognition of ten species including one new species. Four species are confirmed opportunistic pathogens; A. udagawae followed by A. felis and A. pseudoviridinutans are known from opportunistic human infections, while A. felis followed by A. udagawae and A. wyomingensis are agents of feline sino-orbital aspergillosis. Recently described human-pathogenic species A. parafelis and A. pseudofelis are synonymized with A. felis and an epitype is designated for A. udagawae. Intraspecific mating assay showed that only a few of the heterothallic species can readily generate sexual morphs in vitro. Interspecific mating assays revealed that five different species combinations were biologically compatible. Hybrid ascospores had atypical surface ornamentation and significantly different dimensions compared to parental species. This suggests that species limits in the AVSC are maintained by both pre- and post-zygotic barriers and these species display a great potential for rapid adaptation and modulation of virulence. This study highlights that a sufficient number of strains representing genetic diversity within a species is essential for meaningful species boundaries delimitation in cryptic species complexes. MSC-based delimitation methods are robust and suitable tools for evaluation of boundaries between these species.
期刊介绍:
Persoonia aspires to publish papers focusing on the molecular systematics and evolution of fungi. Additionally, it seeks to advance fungal taxonomy by employing a polythetic approach to elucidate the genuine phylogeny and relationships within the kingdom Fungi. The journal is dedicated to disseminating high-quality papers that unravel both known and novel fungal taxa at the DNA level. Moreover, it endeavors to provide fresh insights into evolutionary processes and relationships. The scope of papers considered encompasses research articles, along with topical and book reviews.