Persoonia最新文献

Species of Fusarium and related fusarioid genera are widely distributed and commonly associated with diverse plant hosts, either as saprobes, endophytes, or pathogens. Although fusarioid fungi have been implicated in citrus diseases worldwide, their diversity and pathogenic potential on citrus in China remain poorly characterized. To investigate their species diversity, extensive field surveys were conducted in several citrus-producing regions of China between 2021 and 2024. Symptomatic tissues exhibiting dieback, necrosis, gummosis, canker, and wood decay were collected from twigs, branches, and trunks. Based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics, 336 fusarioid isolates from eight provinces were assigned to six Fusarium species complexes and the genus Neocosmospora, comprising 21 known species (15 Fusarium spp. and six Neocosmospora spp.) and three novel species, namely F. gummosum, N. reticulatae and N. unshiu. Among the known species, 13 are reported from Citrus spp. for the first time, and two represent new records for China. Pathogenicity tests revealed that most fusarioid isolates were pathogenic to citrus branches, with N. unshiu and F. asiaticum being the most aggressive, inducing gummosis and cortex and xylem necrosis, consistent with symptoms observed in the field. Notably, N. unshiu was found to be the dominant pathogen causing citrus trunk canker in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, where it is widely distributed and causes significant damage to citrus. To our knowledge, this study represents the first comprehensive investigation of fusarioid fungi associated with citrus branch diseases in China and provides a basis for future pathogen monitoring, disease prevention, and management strategies. Citation: Xiao XE, Cheng MJ, Zheng F, Ao YJ, Deng JR, Crous PW, Jiao C, Li HY (2025). Species of Fusarium and Neocosmospora associated with citrus branch diseases in China. Persoonia 55: 477-525. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.12.

Clear distinction of the species of Hericium will aid in natural products discovery, medicinal applications, and breeding for commercial cultivation of these edible and medicinally valuable mushrooms. A phylogeny of Hericium species from North America, together with key taxa from Europe, was accomplished using sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and adjacent large ribosomal subunit (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α), and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequences. Compared to previous unresolved phylogenies based solely on ITS data, the species of Hericium were resolved as monophyletic groups, including the type species H. coralloides (synonyms H. flagellum and H. ramosum; Europe and North America), H. alpestre (Europe to central Asia), H. americanum (eastern North America), H. abietis (western North America), H. cirrhatum (Europe and boreal-montane North America), H. erinaceus (Europe), two recently described species of the H. erinaceus species complex, H. asiaticum (Eastern Asia) and H. carolinense (eastern United States), and a third new species in this complex from western North America, H. oregonense, described herein. All taxa, including the newly described species within the H. erinaceus complex, were strongly supported in maximum likelihood analyses. Citation: Koga J, Thorn RG, Langer E (2025). A multilocus phylogeny of Hericium (Hericiaceae, Russulales). Persoonia 55: 141-157. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.04.

A paper by Johnston and others published in 2019 provided three Leotiomycetes-wide phylogenies, one based on genomes, one a multigene phylogeny with up to 15 genes, and one based on ITS sequences. The genomic and multigene phylogenies provided a backbone phylogeny for the class that has proven to be robust, providing a phylogenetically stable concept for the large order Helotiales. However, a lack of genomic data for the clades outside of Helotiales, towards the root of the tree, meant that relationships in this part of the tree remained somewhat poorly resolved. The ITS phylogeny, although phylogenetically much less informative, provided a wider taxon coverage, focussing on the type species of genera not otherwise treated for which ITS data was available. This paper treats genera listed as Leotiomycetes in the Outline of Fungi 2024. It incorporates newly available DNA sequence data and taxonomic changes, especially for genera, families, and orders published since 2019, into the 2019 multigene and ITS analyses. The genomic phylogeny is not updated. Citation: Johnston PR, Park D (2025). An updated multigene phylogeny of Leotiomycetes. Persoonia 55: 527-566. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.13.

We investigated Lepiota species from Benin and reference species from Europe based on fieldwork, light microscopy, and the analysis of DNA sequence data. As a result, thirteen Lepiota species from Benin are described as new to science, whereas only one previously described species, L. albogranulosa, was found. An identification key to these species is provided. The taxonomical results are supported by a comprehensive multilocus phylogeny based on ITS, LSU, and RPB2 sequences. In addition, the occurrence of amatoxins in basidiomata of Lepiota spp. was examined, in order to detect toxic mushrooms and for chemotaxonomic conclusions for the genus Lepiota in general. To this end, an UHPLC-HRMS² analysis process was applied and molecular networks were generated to obtain an overview of the chemical diversity encompassed by 46 Lepiota species, with particular emphasis on their amatoxin content, resulting in the first report of a Lepiota species containing amatoxin for Benin. The annotation coverage was extended using DEREPLICATOR and taxonomically informed metabolite annotation (TIMA). Birnbaumins were discovered in several species as well as other chemical features of possible chemotaxonomic interest. This study extends the knowledge about diversity, amatoxin occurrence, and possible chemotaxonomic markers in the genus Lepiota. Citation: Sarawi S, Reschke K, Jagora A, Yorou NS, Le Pogam P, Piepenbring M (2025). Hidden gems of Benin: Unravelling the diversity of Lepiota spp. through phylogenetic, morphological, and chemotaxonomic exploration. Persoonia 55: 313-360. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.09.

The family Morchellaceae contains four truffle-forming genera: Fischerula, Imaia, Kalapuya, and Leucangium. In North America, some Imaia, Kalapuya, and Leucangium species are highly regarded gourmet edible fungi. In this study, we address longstanding questions about the evolution, systematics, and trophic mode of these fungal genera. We used high-throughput sequencing and a custom genome assembly pipeline to sequence and assemble 41 new genomes of epigeous and hypogeous Morchellaceae genera and outgroup taxa from the sister family Discinaceae. Phylogenomic reconstructions based on high-quality de novo genomes and published reference genomes support a single transition from epigeous to hypogeous habit within the Morchellaceae. These results are corroborated by phylogenetic evidence from LSU, tef1, and rpb2 with a larger dataset of specimens and publicly available sequences. We also provide direct morphological and molecular evidence that one species of Leucangium from North America forms ectomycorrhizas on Pseudotsuga menziesii in a natural habitat. Stable isotope analysis further supports the hypothesis that other species of truffle-forming Morchellaceae also obtain carbon via ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Phylogenetic and morphological analysis supports the description of two new species and one new combination of Leucangium as well as one new species and one new combination of Imaia from North America. We also discuss additional, undescribed diversity detected in our phylogenetic analyses of these genera derived from fungarium specimens, mycophagous mammal scat samples, and other environmental samples. Citation: Lemmond B, Bonito G, Healy R, Van Wyk J, Dawson HA, Noffsinger CR, Stephens R, Sow A, Trappe JM, Orihara T, Mleczko P, Kaounas V, Smith ME (2025). Phylogenomics, trophic ecology, and systematics of the truffle-forming Morchellaceae. Persoonia 55: 59-91. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.02.

The myrmecophilous hirsutelloid fungi of the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex are common in tropical forests around the world. They are known as zombie-ant fungi because they manipulate the behaviour of ants, since infected ants are forced to move to specific sites in the forest, with optimal environmental conditions for the development of the fungus sporocarp or sporome and the release of the spores. Once there, the ants grab to the substrate with their mandibles, die, and their body becomes a source of nutrients for the fungus. Most of the species of the O. unilateralis complex have been described from the Neotropics and the East and Southeast Asia. However, it is likely that there are still many unknown species due to the diversity of their hosts and different specific associations. In this study, we describe six new species of the O. unilateralis complex from western Mexico: O. camponoti-striati, O. cephalotiphila, O. deltoroi, O. haraveriensis, O. jaliscana, and O. pseudocamponoti-atricipis, based on morphological characters, phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences (18S, TEF1, RPB1, and RPB2), and ecological data. We found the following host associations: one fungus - one ant, two fungi - one ant, and one fungus - two ants. Furthermore, we confirmed the host species of the ant genera Camponotus and Colobopsis (Formicinae) based on morphological characters and COI sequences, but we also found two species of Cephalotes (Myrmicinae) susceptible to fungal attack, challenging the paradigm that the O. unilateralis complex is a specific parasite of Camponotini (Formicinae) ants. This study provides insights into the evolution and host range of the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex in Mexico. Citation: Ballesteros-Aguirre CE, Sanjuan T, Ramírez-Cruz V, Villalobos-Arámbula AR, Vásquez-Bolaños M, Guzmán-Dávalos L (2025). Zombie-ant fungi from western Mexico: six new species in the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex (Hypocreales: Ascomycota) and a new host association with Cephalotes ants. Persoonia 55: 203-237. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.06.

Cytospora is a widespread fungal genus that causes canker diseases in woody plants worldwide. Recent studies have clarified the classification of this genus by combing phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics. However, the species diversity of Cytospora in the high-altitude forests of the Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region in China has not been systematically studied. In the present study, 136 isolates were collected from cankered branches of woody plants in Xizang and identified using multigene phylogenetics, culture characteristics and morphology. As a result of these analyses, the genus was divided into 10 species complexes (Beilinensis SC, Chrysosperma SC, Euonymicola SC, Japonica SC, Kantschavelii SC, Leucostoma SC, Pruinosa SC, Ribis SC, Sacchari SC and Viticola SC) and 12 singletons. In total 50 species were identified, of which 23 were found to be new to science. This study highlights the species diversity of forest pathogens in Xizang, providing valuable information for future disease management practices. Citation: Jiang N, Voglmayr H, Li JR, Xue H, Li Y, Crous PW (2025). Species diversity of Cytospora associated with forest canker diseases in Xizang (Tibet), China. Persoonia 55: 361-438. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.10.

Lichen thalli are niches for microorganisms, including microfungi, microalgae and non-photosynthetic bacteria, which form communities of variable composition, often shaped by the environmental conditions under which the lichen thalli develop. In Antarctica lichens represent an important group of organisms characterized by a high percentage of endemism, which have specialized to grow on rocks, as the predominant substrate for colonization. Here, Antarctic epilithic thalli of five endemic and three cosmopolitan lichen species have been investigated for their potential role as fungal species hotspots. The culturable fraction of the Antarctic lichen-associated fungi and algae was uncovered with the aim to isolate as many species as possible and find whether taxa are strictly connected to the Antarctic environment or are cosmopolitan species that particularly associate to lichens in harsh, extreme environments. Over 300 fungal and algal inocula grew in culture, among which we recognized species previously described, as well as five new fungal species in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, namely: Petrophila complexa sp. nov., Dactylospora endolichenica sp. nov., Knufia elegansiana sp. nov., Pseudeurotium lichenicum sp. nov., and Kurtzmanomyces lichenum sp. nov. These species seem to select lichens as their preferred niche, both in Antarctica and worldwide. Indeed, the major representatives of the lichen mycobiota are fungi that do not show any specificity toward a particular lichen host species, rather toward the lichen thallus in general, as a structure in which spores, yeast cells and mycelia fragments thrive or rest. Particularly in Antarctica, where conditions on rock surfaces are far more selective than elsewhere, lichen thalli would be even more exploited as suitable niches by other fungi for their evolution and diversification. Citation: de Carolis R, Stoppiello G, Turchetti B, Bartolomeo G, Coleine C, Tetriach M, Selbmann L, Muggia L (2025). Cryptic associated fungi and algae isolated from Antarctic epilithic lichens of the Victoria Land and the description of five new fungal species. Persoonia 55: 439-476. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.11.

In this study, we describe four species of Cortinarius subgen. Telamonia sect. Bovini as new to science: Cortinarius acutipes, C. cepiformis, C. schistaceus and C. sericeovelatus. We also provide updated descriptions and synonymies for several known species in the section, including C. pachypus (formerly C. terribilis and C. pseudobulbosus), C. sordescens (neotypified here), C. turgidulus and C. urbis-veteris, as well as for C. hillieri, here supported as a genuine Bovini member. In addition, through DNA sequencing of its holotype, we fix here the interpretation of C. aprinus, the iconic member of a difficult group of large, fleshy, grey brown Telamonia species often referred to as Aprini or Sordescentes. We also update the taxonomy of C. diffractosuavis (sect. Sordescentes) and C. testaceomicaceus (sect. Exsulares), to yield a most comprehensive overview of phylogenetically supported "bovinoid" species from deciduous forests on calcareous soils of Europe. The habitat and distribution of all treated species are presented, and a tentative identification key is also proposed. Citation: Schmidt-Stohn G, Bellanger J-M, Brandrud TE, Bidaud A, Oertel B, Saar G, Ballarà J, Carteret X, Reyes García JdD, Dondl B, Ploch S, Thines M, Dima B (2025). The big brown Telamonia unlocked: four new species in Cortinarius section Bovini (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) and a revised taxonomy of bovinoid Cortinarii. Persoonia 55: 1-57. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.01.

As part of a broader survey of lignicolous saprobic fungi, we investigated fungal taxa from the class Sordariomycetes displaying holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis, a distinct developmental process and phylogenetically informative trait. Although these fungi appear morphologically similar in culture, they represent distinct evolutionary lineages. This taxonomic study integrates comparative morphological analyses, phylogenetic reconstruction of five nuclear markers, and analysis of biogeographical patterns through environmental DNA data to introduce novel taxa in the Pleurotheciales and Rhamphoriales. A new genus and species Echinodenticula allantospora and three new species, Phaeoisaria parallela, Rhamphoriopsis cuprea and Rh. denticulata, are described. A rarely encountered species Rhamphoria separata is reported, along with its previously undocumented asexual morph. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrate the utility of two protein-coding genes, rpb2 and tef1, as complementary barcodes for distinguishing closely related Phaeoisaria species. Our findings highlight the significance of holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis as a diagnostic feature of the Rhamphoriales and a prevalent trait in the Pleurotheciales. An unknown ascomycete that produced only sterile mycelium in culture is described here as Melanocrypta curvata and placed at an incertae sedis position within the Sordariomycetes. Additionally, we present short-read whole-genome sequencing data for the ex-type strains of the newly described species, providing a valuable genomic resource for future taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional studies. Environmental DNA data from the GlobalFungi database bring new perspective into the biogeographical patterns of Phaeoisaria, Rhamphoria, and Rhamphoriopsis. The distribution of E. allantospora and M. curvata remains poorly understood, as no records for these species were found in GlobalFungi. This study provides new insights into the molecular systematics, taxonomy, and biogeography of the Rhamphoriales and Pleurotheciales, and highlights the role of environmental DNA metabarcoding in uncovering fungal diversity and distribution patterns. Citation: Réblová M, Nekvindová J, Hernández-Restrepo M, Hradilová M, Kolařík M (2025). Phylogeny, taxonomy and geographic distribution of novel and known fungi with holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis in Rhamphoriales and Pleurotheciales (Sordariomycetes). Persoonia 55: 277-311. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.08.