The genera Cephalotrichum and Microascus contain ecologically, morphologically and lifestyle diverse fungi in Microascaceae (Microascales, Sordariomycetes) with a world-wide distribution. Despite previous studies having elucidated that Cephalotrichum and Microascus are highly polyphyletic, the DNA phylogeny of many traditionally morphology-defined species is still poorly resolved, and a comprehensive taxonomic overview of the two genera is lacking. To resolve this issue, we integrate broad taxon sampling strategies and the most comprehensive multi-gene (ITS, LSU, tef1 and tub2) datasets to date, with fossil calibrations to address the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among major lineages of Microascaceae. Two previously recognised main clades, Cephalotrichum (24 species)and Microascus (49 species), were re-affirmed based on our phylogenetic analyses, as well as the phylogenetic position of 15 genera within Microascaceae. In this study, we provide an up-to-date overview on the taxonomy and phylogeny of species belonging to Cephalotrichum and Microascus, as well as detailed descriptions and illustrations of 21 species of which eight are newly described. Furthermore, the divergence time estimates indicate that the crown age of Microascaceae was around 210.37 Mya (95% HPD: 177.18–246.96 Mya) in the Late Triassic, and that Cephalotrichum and Microascus began to diversify approximately 27.07 Mya (95% HPD:20.47–34.37 Mya) and 70.46 Mya (95% HPD:56.96–86.24 Mya), respectively. Our results also demonstrate that multigene sequence data coupled with broad taxon sampling can help elucidate previously unresolved clade relationships.
{"title":"A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Cephalotrichum and Microascus provides novel insights into their systematics and evolutionary history","authors":"T.P. Wei, Y.M. Wu, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, P.W. Crous, Y.L. Jiang","doi":"10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.05","url":null,"abstract":"The genera<i> Cephalotrichum</i> and<i> Microascus</i> contain ecologically, morphologically and lifestyle diverse fungi in<i> Microascaceae</i> (<i>Microascales</i>,<i> Sordariomycetes</i>) with a world-wide distribution. Despite previous studies having elucidated that<i> Cephalotrichum</i>\u0000and<i> Microascus</i> are highly polyphyletic, the DNA phylogeny of many traditionally morphology-defined species is still poorly resolved, and a comprehensive taxonomic overview of the two genera is lacking. To resolve this issue, we integrate broad taxon sampling strategies and the most\u0000comprehensive multi-gene (ITS, LSU,<i> tef1</i> and<i> tub2</i>) datasets to date, with fossil calibrations to address the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among major lineages of<i> Microascaceae</i>. Two previously recognised main clades,<i> Cephalotrichum</i> (24 species)and<i> Microascus</i> (49 species), were re-affirmed based on our phylogenetic analyses, as well as the phylogenetic position of 15 genera within<i> Microascaceae</i>. In this study, we provide an up-to-date overview on the taxonomy and phylogeny of species belonging to<i> Cephalotrichum</i> and<i> Microascus</i>, as well as detailed descriptions and illustrations of 21 species of which eight are newly described. Furthermore, the divergence time estimates indicate that the crown age of<i> Microascaceae</i> was around 210.37 Mya (95% HPD: 177.18–246.96 Mya) in the Late Triassic,\u0000and that<i> Cephalotrichum</i> and<i> Microascus</i> began to diversify approximately 27.07 Mya (95% HPD:20.47–34.37 Mya) and 70.46 Mya (95% HPD:56.96–86.24 Mya), respectively. Our results also demonstrate that multigene sequence data coupled with broad taxon sampling can help\u0000elucidate previously unresolved clade relationships.","PeriodicalId":20014,"journal":{"name":"Persoonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-30DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.01
F. Liu, Z.-D. Hu, A. Yurkov, X.-H. Chen, W.-J. Bao, Q. Ma, W.-N. Zhao, S. Pan, X.-M. Zhao, J.-H. Liu, Q.-M. Wang, T. Boekhout
A correct classification of fungi, including yeasts, is of prime importance to understand fungal biodiversity and to communicate about this diversity. Fungal genera are mainly defined based on phenotypic characteristics and the results of single or multigene-based phylogenetic analyses. However, because yeasts often have less phenotypic characters, their classification experienced a strong move towards DNA-based data, from short ribosomal sequences to multigene phylogenies and more recently to phylogenomics. Here, we explore the usefulness of various genomics-based parameters to circumscribe fungal genera more correctly taking the yeast domain as an example. Therefore, we compared the results of a phylogenomic analysis, average amino acid identity (AAI) values, the presence of conserved signature indels (CSIs), the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) and the presence- absence patterns of orthologs (PAPO). These genome-based metrics were used to investigate their usefulness in demarcating 13 hitherto relatively well accepted genera in Saccharomycetaceae, namely Eremothecium, Grigorovia, Kazachstania, Kluyveromyces, Lachancea, Nakaseomyces, Naumovozyma, Saccharomyces, Tetrapisispora, Torulaspora, Vanderwaltozyma, Zygosaccharomyces and Zygotorulaspora. As a result, most of these genera are supported by the genomics-based metrics, but the genera Kazachstania , Nakaseomyces and Tetrapisispora were shown to be genetically highly diverse based on the above listed analyses. Considering the results obtained for the presently recognized genera, a range of 80–92% POCP values and a range of 60–70 % AAI values might be valuable thresholds to discriminate genera in Saccharomycetaceae. Furthermore, the genus-specific genes identified in the PAPO analysis and the CSIs were found to be useful as synapomorphies to characterize and define genera in Saccharomycetaceae. Our results indicate that the combined monophyly-based phylogenomic analysis together with genomic relatedness indices and synapomorphies provide promising approaches to delineating yeast genera and likely those of filamentous fungi as well. The genera Kazachstania, Nakaseomyces and Tetrapisispora are revised and we propose eight new genera and 41 new combinations.
{"title":"Saccharomycetaceae: delineation of fungal genera based on phylogenomic analyses, genomic relatedness indices and genomics-based synapomorphies","authors":"F. Liu, Z.-D. Hu, A. Yurkov, X.-H. Chen, W.-J. Bao, Q. Ma, W.-N. Zhao, S. Pan, X.-M. Zhao, J.-H. Liu, Q.-M. Wang, T. Boekhout","doi":"10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.01","url":null,"abstract":"A correct classification of fungi, including yeasts, is of prime importance to understand fungal biodiversity and to communicate about this diversity. Fungal genera are mainly defined based on phenotypic characteristics and the results of single or multigene-based phylogenetic analyses.\u0000However, because yeasts often have less phenotypic characters, their classification experienced a strong move towards DNA-based data, from short ribosomal sequences to multigene phylogenies and more recently to phylogenomics. Here, we explore the usefulness of various genomics-based parameters\u0000to circumscribe fungal genera more correctly taking the yeast domain as an example. Therefore, we compared the results of a phylogenomic analysis, average amino acid identity (AAI) values, the presence of conserved signature indels (CSIs), the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) and the\u0000presence- absence patterns of orthologs (PAPO). These genome-based metrics were used to investigate their usefulness in demarcating 13 hitherto relatively well accepted genera in<i> Saccharomycetaceae</i>, namely<i> Eremothecium</i>,<i> Grigorovia</i>,<i> Kazachstania</i>,<i> Kluyveromyces</i>,<i> Lachancea</i>,<i> Nakaseomyces</i>,<i> Naumovozyma</i>,<i> Saccharomyces</i>,<i> Tetrapisispora</i>,<i> Torulaspora</i>,<i> Vanderwaltozyma</i>,<i> Zygosaccharomyces</i> and<i> Zygotorulaspora. </i> As a result, most of these genera are supported by the genomics-based metrics, but the genera<i> Kazachstania</i> ,<i> Nakaseomyces </i> and<i> Tetrapisispora</i> were shown to be genetically highly diverse based on the above listed analyses. Considering the results obtained for the presently recognized genera, a range of 80–92% POCP values and a range of 60–70 % AAI values\u0000might be valuable thresholds to discriminate genera in<i> Saccharomycetaceae.</i> Furthermore, the genus-specific genes identified in the PAPO analysis and the CSIs were found to be useful as synapomorphies to characterize and define genera in<i> Saccharomycetaceae</i>. Our results indicate\u0000that the combined monophyly-based phylogenomic analysis together with genomic relatedness indices and synapomorphies provide promising approaches to delineating yeast genera and likely those of filamentous fungi as well. The genera<i> Kazachstania</i>,<i> Nakaseomyces</i> and<i> Tetrapisispora</i>\u0000are revised and we propose eight new genera and 41 new combinations.","PeriodicalId":20014,"journal":{"name":"Persoonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-30DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.04
M. Mu, Y.-J. Choi, J. Kruse, J.A. Crouch, S. Ploch, M. Thines
The genus Peronospora is the largest genus of the oomycetes, fungus-like members of the kingdom Straminipila that also contains amoeboid (e.g., Leukarachnion) and plant-like (e.g., Laminaria) life forms. Peronospora species are obligate biotrophic plant pathogens, causing high economic losses in various crops and ornamentals, including Plantago species. Several species of Plantago are used as specialty crops and medicinal plants. In this study, Peronospora species parasitic on Plantago were investigated based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses using two nuclear (ITS, nrLSU) loci and one mitochondrial (cox2) locus. As a result of these investigations, 10 new species are added to the already known Peronospora species on Plantago. Interestingly, it was found that four independent species are parasitic to Plantago major, highlighting that the reliance on the host plant for pathogen determination can be misleading in Peronospora. Taking this into account, morphological and phylogenetic analyses should be conducted as a prerequisite for effective quarantine regulations and phytosanitary measures.
{"title":"Single host plant species may harbour more than one species of Peronospora – a case study on Peronospora infecting Plantag","authors":"M. Mu, Y.-J. Choi, J. Kruse, J.A. Crouch, S. Ploch, M. Thines","doi":"10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.04","url":null,"abstract":"The genus <i>Peronospora</i> is the largest genus of the oomycetes, fungus-like members of the kingdom <i>Straminipila</i> that also contains amoeboid (e.g., <i>Leukarachnion</i>) and plant-like (e.g., <i>Laminaria</i>) life forms. <i>Peronospora</i> species are obligate biotrophic\u0000plant pathogens, causing high economic losses in various crops and ornamentals, including <i>Plantago</i> species. Several species of <i>Plantago</i> are used as specialty crops and medicinal plants. In this study, <i>Peronospora</i> species parasitic on <i>Plantago</i> were investigated based\u0000on morphology and phylogenetic analyses using two nuclear (ITS, nrLSU) loci and one mitochondrial (cox2) locus. As a result of these investigations, 10 new species are added to the already known <i>Peronospora</i> species on <i>Plantago</i>. Interestingly, it was found that four independent\u0000species are parasitic to <i>Plantago majo</i>r, highlighting that the reliance on the host plant for pathogen determination can be misleading in <i>Peronospora</i>. Taking this into account, morphological and phylogenetic analyses should be conducted as a prerequisite for effective quarantine\u0000regulations and phytosanitary measures.","PeriodicalId":20014,"journal":{"name":"Persoonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-30DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.03
M. Blázquez, I. Pérez-Vargas, I. Garrido-Benavent, M. Villar-dePablo, Y. Turégano, C. Frías-López, A. Sánchez-Gracia, A. de los Ríos, F. Gasulla, S. Pérez-Ortega
Oceanic islands have been recognized as natural laboratories in which to study a great variety of evolutionary processes. One such process is evolutionary radiations, the diversification of a single ancestor into a number of species that inhabit different environments and differ in the traits that allow them to exploit those environments. The factors that drive evolutionary radiations have been studied for decades in charismatic organisms such as birds or lizards, but are lacking in lichen-forming fungi, despite recent reports of some lineages showing diversification patterns congruent with radiation.Here we propose the Ramalina decipiens group as a model system in which to carry out such studies. This group is currently thought to be comprised of five saxicolous species, all of them endemic to the Macaronesian region (the Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary, and Cape Verde islands). Three species are single-island endemics (a rare geographic distribution pattern in lichens), whereas two are widespread and show extreme morphological variation. The latter are suspected to harbor unrecognized species-level lineages.In order to use the Ramalina decipiens group as a model system, it is necessary to resolve the group's phylogeny and to clarify its species boundaries. In this study, we attempt to do so following an integrative taxonomy approach. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on six molecular markers, four of which are newly developed, and generated competing species hypotheses based on molecular (species discovery strategies based on both single locus and multilocus datasets) and phenotypic data (unsupervised clustering algorithms based on morphology, secondary chemistry, and geographic origin).We found that taxonomic diversity in the Ramalina decipiens group has been highly underestimated in previous studies. In consequence, we describe six new species, most of them single-island endemics, and provide a key to the group. Phylogenetic relationships among species have been reconstructed with almost full support which, coupled with the endemic character of the group, makes it an excellent system for the study of island radiations in lichen-forming fungi.
{"title":"Endless forms most frustrating: disentangling species boundaries in the Ramalina decipiens group (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), with the description of six new species and a key to the group","authors":"M. Blázquez, I. Pérez-Vargas, I. Garrido-Benavent, M. Villar-dePablo, Y. Turégano, C. Frías-López, A. Sánchez-Gracia, A. de los Ríos, F. Gasulla, S. Pérez-Ortega","doi":"10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.03","url":null,"abstract":"Oceanic islands have been recognized as natural laboratories in which to study a great variety of evolutionary processes. One such process is evolutionary radiations, the diversification of a single ancestor into a number of species that inhabit different environments and differ in\u0000the traits that allow them to exploit those environments. The factors that drive evolutionary radiations have been studied for decades in charismatic organisms such as birds or lizards, but are lacking in lichen-forming fungi, despite recent reports of some lineages showing diversification\u0000patterns congruent with radiation.Here we propose the <i>Ramalina decipiens</i> group as a model system in which to carry out such studies. This group is currently thought to be comprised of five saxicolous species, all of them endemic to the Macaronesian region (the Azores, Madeira, Selvagens,\u0000Canary, and Cape Verde islands). Three species are single-island endemics (a rare geographic distribution pattern in lichens), whereas two are widespread and show extreme morphological variation. The latter are suspected to harbor unrecognized species-level lineages.In order to use the <i>Ramalina\u0000decipiens</i> group as a model system, it is necessary to resolve the group's phylogeny and to clarify its species boundaries. In this study, we attempt to do so following an integrative taxonomy approach. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on six molecular markers, four of which are\u0000newly developed, and generated competing species hypotheses based on molecular (species discovery strategies based on both single locus and multilocus datasets) and phenotypic data (unsupervised clustering algorithms based on morphology, secondary chemistry, and geographic origin).We found\u0000that taxonomic diversity in the <i>Ramalina decipiens</i> group has been highly underestimated in previous studies. In consequence, we describe six new species, most of them single-island endemics, and provide a key to the group. Phylogenetic relationships among species have been reconstructed\u0000with almost full support which, coupled with the endemic character of the group, makes it an excellent system for the study of island radiations in lichen-forming fungi.","PeriodicalId":20014,"journal":{"name":"Persoonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-30DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.02
F. Liu, Z.-D. Hu, X.-M. Zhao, W.-N. Zhao, Z.-X. Feng, A. Yurkov, S. Alwasel, T. Boekhout, K. Bensch, F.-L. Hui, F.-Y. Bai, Q.-M. Wang
Candida is a polyphyletic genus of sexually reproducing yeasts in the Saccharomycotina with more than 400 species that occur in almost all families of the subclass and its name is strongly connected with the infectious disease candidiasis. During the last two decades, approximately half of the Candida species have been reassigned into more than 36 already existing genera and 14 newly proposed genera, but the polyphyletic feature of the genus largely remained. Candida auris is an important, globally emerging opportunistic pathogen that has caused life-threatening outbreaks in healthcare facilities worldwide. This species belongs to the Candida auris - Candida haemuli (CAH) clade in the Metschnikowiaceae, a clade that contains multidrug-resistant clinically relevant species, but also species isolated from natural environments. The clade is phylogenetically positioned remotely from the type species of the genus Candida that is Candida vulgaris (currently interpreted as a synonym of Candida tropicalis) and belongs to the family Debaryomycetaceae. Although previous phylogenetic and phylogenomic studies confirmed the position of C. auris in the Metschnikowiaceae, these analyses failed to resolve the position of the CAH clade within the family and its delimitation from the genera Clavispora and Metschnikowia. To resolve the position of the CAH clade, phylogenomic and comparative genomics analyses were carried out to address the phylogenetic position of C. auris and related species in the Metschnikowiaceae using several metrics, such as the average amino acid identity (AAI) values, the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP), and the presence-absence patterns of orthologs (PAPO).Based on those approaches, 13 new genera are proposed for various Candida and Hyphopichia species, including members of the CAH clade in the Metschnikowiaceae. As a result, C. auris and related species are reassigned to the genus Candidozyma. Fifty-five new combinations and nine new species are introduced, and this will reduce the polyphyly of the genus Candida.
{"title":"Phylogenomic analysis of the Candida auris- Candida haemuli clade and related taxa in the Metschnikowiaceae, and proposal of thirteen new genera, fifty-five new combinations and nine new species","authors":"F. Liu, Z.-D. Hu, X.-M. Zhao, W.-N. Zhao, Z.-X. Feng, A. Yurkov, S. Alwasel, T. Boekhout, K. Bensch, F.-L. Hui, F.-Y. Bai, Q.-M. Wang","doi":"10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.02","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Candida</i> is a polyphyletic genus of sexually reproducing yeasts in the <i>Saccharomycotina</i> with more than 400 species that occur in almost all families of the subclass and its name is strongly connected with the infectious disease candidiasis. During the last two decades,\u0000approximately half of the <i>Candida</i> species have been reassigned into more than 36 already existing genera and 14 newly proposed genera, but the polyphyletic feature of the genus largely remained. <i>Candida auris</i> is an important, globally emerging opportunistic pathogen that has\u0000caused life-threatening outbreaks in healthcare facilities worldwide. This species belongs to the <i>Candida auris</i> - <i>Candida haemuli</i> (CAH) clade in the <i>Metschnikowiaceae</i>, a clade that contains multidrug-resistant clinically relevant species, but also species isolated from\u0000natural environments. The clade is phylogenetically positioned remotely from the type species of the genus <i>Candida</i> that is <i>Candida vulgaris</i> (currently interpreted as a synonym of <i>Candida tropicalis</i>) and belongs to the family <i>Debaryomycetaceae</i>. Although previous\u0000phylogenetic and phylogenomic studies confirmed the position of <i>C. auris</i> in the <i>Metschnikowiaceae</i>, these analyses failed to resolve the position of the CAH clade within the family and its delimitation from the genera <i>Clavispora</i> and <i>Metschnikowia</i>. To resolve the\u0000position of the CAH clade, phylogenomic and comparative genomics analyses were carried out to address the phylogenetic position of <i>C. auris</i> and related species in the <i>Metschnikowiaceae</i> using several metrics, such as the average amino acid identity (AAI) values, the percentage\u0000of conserved proteins (POCP), and the presence-absence patterns of orthologs (PAPO).Based on those approaches, 13 new genera are proposed for various <i>Candida</i> and <i>Hyphopichia</i> species, including members of the CAH clade in the <i>Metschnikowiaceae</i>. As a result, <i>C. auris</i>\u0000and related species are reassigned to the genus <i>Candidozyma</i>. Fifty-five new combinations and nine new species are introduced, and this will reduce the polyphyly of the genus <i>Candida</i>.","PeriodicalId":20014,"journal":{"name":"Persoonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.06
X.E. Xiao, Y.D. Liu, F. Zheng, T. Xiong, Y.T. Zeng, W. Wang, X.L. Zheng, Q. Wu, J.P. Xu, P.W. Crous, C. Jiao, H.Y. Li
Species in Diaporthe have broad host ranges and cosmopolitan geographic distributions, occurring as endophytes, saprobes and plantpathogens. Previous studies have indicated that many Diaporthe species are associated with Citrus. To further determine the diversity of Diaporthe species associated with citrus diseases in China, we conducted extensive surveys in major citrus-producing are as from 2017–2020. Diseased tissues we recollected from leaves, fruits, twigs, branches and trunks showing a range of symptoms including melanose, dieback, gummosis, wood decay and canker. Based on phylogenetic comparisons of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions(ITS), calmodulin(cal), histoneH3(his3), translation elongation factor1-alpha (tef1) and beta-tubulin (tub2), 393 isolates from 10 provinces were identified as belonging to 36 species of Diaporthe, including 32 known species, namely D. apiculata, D. biconispora, D. biguttulata, D. caryae, D. citri, D. citriasiana, D. compacta, D. discoidispora, D. endophytica, D. eres, D. fusicola, D. fulvicolor, D. guangxiensis, D. hongkongensis, D. hubeiensis, D. limonicola, D. litchii, D. novem, D. passifloricola, D. penetriteum, D. pescicola, D. pometiae, D. sackstonii, D. sennicola, D. sojae, D. spinosa, D. subclavata, D. tectonae, D. tibetensis, D. unshiuensis, D. velutina and D. xishuangbanica, and four new species, namely D. gammata , D. jishouensis, D. ruiliensis and D. sexualispora. Among the 32 known species, 14 are reported for the first time on Citrus, and two are newly reported from China. Among the 36 species, D. citri was the dominant species as exemplified by its high frequency of isolationand virulence. Pathogenicity tests indicated that most Diaporthe species obtained in this study were weakly aggressive or non-pathogenic to the tested citrus varieties. Only D. citri produced the longest lesion lengths on citrus shoots and induced melanose on citrus leaves. These results further demonstrated that a rich diversity of Diaporthe species occupy Citrus, but only a few species are harmful and D. citri is the main pathogen for Citrus in China. The present study provides a basis from which targeted monitoring, prevention and control measures can be developed.
Diaporthe 物种的寄主范围很广，分布于世界各地，以内生菌、汁菌和植物病原体的形式出现。以前的研究表明，许多 Diaporthe 物种与柑橘相关。为进一步确定中国柑橘病害相关 Diaporthe 物种的多样性，我们于 2017-2020 年在柑橘主产区进行了广泛调查。我们从叶片、果实、树枝、枝条和树干中采集了病组织，这些病组织表现出一系列症状，包括黑斑病、枯死病、胶冻病、木质部腐烂病和腐烂病。根据内部转录间隔区（ITS）、钙调蛋白（cal）、组蛋白H3（his3）、翻译伸长因子1-α（tef1）和β-微管蛋白（tub2）的DNA序列的系统发育比较，从10个省的393个分离物中鉴定出属于36个Diaporthe种，包括32个已知种，即D.apiculata、D. biconispora、D. biguttulata、D. caryae、D. citri、D. citriasiana、D. compacta、D. discoidispora、D.endophytica, D. eres, D. fusicola, D. fulvicolor, D. guangxiensis, D. hongkongensis, D. hubeiensis, D. limonicola, D. litchii, D. novem, D. passifloricola, D. penetriteum, D. pescicola, D. pometiae, D. sackstonii, D. sennicola, D. so.sennicola、D. sojae、D. spinosa、D. subclavata、D. tectonae、D. tibetensis、D. unshiuensis、D. velutina 和 D. xishuangbanica，以及 4 个新种，即 D. gammata、D. jishouensis、D. ruiliensis 和 D. sexualispora。在 32 个已知种中，14 个是首次在柑橘上报道，2 个是中国新报道。在这 36 个种中，柑橘褐斑病菌是优势种，这体现在它的高分离频率和高致病力上。致病性测试表明，本研究中获得的大多数 Diaporthe 物种对受测柑橘品种的侵染性较弱或无致病性。只有 D. citri 在柑橘嫩枝上产生的病斑长度最长，并在柑橘叶片上诱发黑色素。这些结果进一步表明，柑橘上的 Diaporthe 种类丰富多样，但只有少数几个种类是有害的，而 D. citri 是中国柑橘的主要病原菌。本研究为制定有针对性的监测、预防和控制措施提供了依据。
{"title":"High species diversity in Diaporthe associated with citrus diseases in China","authors":"X.E. Xiao, Y.D. Liu, F. Zheng, T. Xiong, Y.T. Zeng, W. Wang, X.L. Zheng, Q. Wu, J.P. Xu, P.W. Crous, C. Jiao, H.Y. Li","doi":"10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.06","url":null,"abstract":"Species in<i> Diaporthe</i> have broad host ranges and cosmopolitan geographic distributions, occurring as endophytes, saprobes and plantpathogens. Previous studies have indicated that many<i> Diaporthe</i> species are associated with<i> Citrus</i>. To further determine the diversity\u0000of<i> Diaporthe</i> species associated with citrus diseases in China, we conducted extensive surveys in major citrus-producing are as from 2017–2020. Diseased tissues we recollected from leaves, fruits, twigs, branches and trunks showing a range of symptoms including melanose, dieback,\u0000gummosis, wood decay and canker. Based on phylogenetic comparisons of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions(ITS), calmodulin(<i>cal</i>), histoneH3(<i>his3</i>), translation elongation factor1-alpha (<i>tef1</i>) and beta-tubulin (<i>tub2</i>), 393 isolates from 10 provinces\u0000were identified as belonging to 36 species of<i> Diaporthe</i>, including 32 known species, namely<i> D. apiculata</i>,<i> D. biconispora</i>,<i> D. biguttulata</i>,<i> D. caryae</i>,<i> D. citri</i>,<i> D. citriasiana</i>,<i> D. compacta</i>,<i> D. discoidispora</i>,<i> D. endophytica</i>,<i> D. eres</i>,<i> D. fusicola</i>,<i> D. fulvicolor</i>,<i> D. guangxiensis</i>,<i> D. hongkongensis</i>,<i> D. hubeiensis</i>,<i> D. limonicola</i>,<i> D. litchii</i>,<i> D. novem</i>,<i> D. passifloricola</i>,<i> D. penetriteum</i>,<i> D. pescicola</i>,<i> D. pometiae</i>,<i> D. sackstonii</i>,<i> D. sennicola</i>,<i> D. sojae</i>,<i> D. spinosa</i>,<i> D. subclavata</i>, <i>D. tectonae</i>,<i> D. tibetensis</i>,<i> D. unshiuensis</i>,<i> D. velutina</i> and<i> D. xishuangbanica</i>, and four new species, namely <i> D. gammata</i> ,<i> D. jishouensis</i>,<i> D. ruiliensis </i> and<i> D. sexualispora</i>. Among the 32 known species, 14 are reported for the first time on<i> Citrus</i>,<i> </i> and two are newly reported from China. Among the 36 species,<i> D. citri</i> was the dominant species as exemplified by its high frequency of isolationand virulence. Pathogenicity\u0000tests indicated that most<i> Diaporthe</i> species obtained in this study were weakly aggressive or non-pathogenic to the tested citrus varieties. Only<i> D. citri</i> produced the longest lesion lengths on citrus shoots and induced melanose on citrus leaves. These results further demonstrated\u0000that a rich diversity of<i> Diaporthe</i> species occupy<i> Citrus</i>, but only a few species are harmful and<i> D. citri </i> is the main pathogen for<i> Citrus</i> in China. The present study provides a basis from which targeted monitoring, prevention and control measures can be developed.","PeriodicalId":20014,"journal":{"name":"Persoonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.07
G.S. Li, C.A. Leal-Dutra, A. Cuesta-Maté, B.H. Conlon, N. Peereboom, C. Beemelmanns, D.K. Aanen, S. Rosendahl, Z.W. Debeer, M. Poulsen
Thegenus Podaxis was first described from India by Linnaeus in 1771, but several revisions of the genus have left the taxonomy unclear. Forty-four Podaxis species names and nine intraspecific varieties are currently accepted, but most fungarium specimens are labelled Podaxis pistillaris. Recent molecular analyses based on barcoding genes suggest that the genus comprises severals pecies, but their status is largely unresolved. Here we obtained basidiospores and photographs from166 fungarium specimens from around the world and generated a phylogeny basedonr DNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2(ITS), and aphylogenomic analysis of 3839 BUSCO genes from low-coverage genomes for a subset of the specimens. Combining phylogenetics, phylogenomics, morphology, ecology, and geographical distribution, spanning 250 years of collections, we propose that the genus includes at least 16 unambiguous species. Based on10 type specimens (holotype, paratype, andsyntype), four recorded species were confirmed, P. carcinomalis, P. deflersii, P. emerici, and P. farlowii. Comparing phylogenetic analysis with described species, including morphology, ecology, and distribution, we resurrected P. termitophilus and designated neotypes, epitypes, orlectotypes for five previously described species, P. aegyptiacus, P. africana, P. beringamensis, P. calyptratus and P. perraldieri. Lastly, based on phylogenies and morphology of type material, we synonymized three reported species, P. algericus, P. arabicus, and P. rugospora with P. pistillaris, and described five newspecies that we named P. desolatus, P. inyoensis, P. mareebaensis, P. namaquensis, and P. namibensis.
林奈于 1771 年首次在印度描述了 Podaxis 属，但对该属的多次修订导致分类不清。目前有 44 个 Podaxis 种名和 9 个种内变种被接受，但大多数菌种标本都标为 Podaxis pistillaris。最近基于条形码基因的分子分析表明，该属由多个变种组成，但它们的地位在很大程度上尚未确定。在此，我们从世界各地的 166 个真菌标本中获得了基生孢子和照片，并根据rDNA 内部转录间隔 ITS1、5.8S 和 ITS2（ITS）生成了一个系统发育关系，还对其中一部分标本的低覆盖基因组中的 3839 个 BUSCO 基因进行了系统发生组分析。结合系统发生学、系统发生组学、形态学、生态学和地理分布，以及 250 年来的采集情况，我们认为该属至少包括 16 个明确的种。根据 10 个模式标本（主模式、副模式和综合模式），我们确认了 4 个记录在案的物种，分别是 P. carcinomalis、P. deflersii、P. emerici 和 P. farlowii。通过系统发育分析与描述的物种（包括形态学、生态学和分布）进行比较，我们复活了嗜白蚁属（P. termitophilus），并为五个先前描述的物种（P. aegyptiacus、P. africana、P. beringamensis、P. calyptratus 和 P. perraldieri）指定了新种、表型或选型。最后，根据系统发育和模式标本的形态，我们将已报道的三个种（P. algericus、P. arabicus 和 P. rugospora）与 P. pistillaris 同名，并描述了五个新种，分别命名为 P. desolatus、P. inyoensis、P. mareebaensis、P. namaquensis 和 P. namibensis。
{"title":"Resolution of eleven reported and five novel Podaxis species based on ITS phylogeny, phylogenomics, morphology, ecology, and geographic distribution","authors":"G.S. Li, C.A. Leal-Dutra, A. Cuesta-Maté, B.H. Conlon, N. Peereboom, C. Beemelmanns, D.K. Aanen, S. Rosendahl, Z.W. Debeer, M. Poulsen","doi":"10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.07","url":null,"abstract":"Thegenus<i> Podaxis</i> was first described from India by Linnaeus in 1771, but several revisions of the genus have left the taxonomy unclear. Forty-four<i> Podaxis</i> species names and nine intraspecific varieties are currently accepted, but most fungarium specimens are labelled<i> Podaxis pistillaris</i>. Recent molecular analyses based on barcoding genes suggest that the genus comprises severals pecies, but their status is largely unresolved. Here we obtained basidiospores and photographs from166 fungarium specimens from around the world and generated a phylogeny basedonr\u0000DNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2(ITS), and aphylogenomic analysis of 3839 BUSCO genes from low-coverage genomes for a subset of the specimens. Combining phylogenetics, phylogenomics, morphology, ecology, and geographical distribution, spanning 250 years of collections, we\u0000propose that the genus includes at least 16 unambiguous species. Based on10 type specimens (holotype, paratype, andsyntype), four recorded species were confirmed,<i> P. carcinomalis</i>,<i> P. deflersii</i>,<i> P. emerici</i>, and<i> P. farlowii</i>. Comparing phylogenetic analysis with described\u0000species, including morphology, ecology, and distribution, we resurrected<i> P. termitophilus</i> and designated neotypes, epitypes, orlectotypes for five previously described species,<i> P. aegyptiacus</i>,<i> P. africana</i>,<i> P. beringamensis</i>,<i> P. calyptratus</i> and<i> P. perraldieri</i>.\u0000Lastly, based on phylogenies and morphology of type material, we synonymized three reported species,<i> P. algericus</i>,<i> P. arabicus</i>, and<i> P. rugospora</i> with<i> P. pistillaris</i>, and described five newspecies that we named<i> P. desolatus</i>,<i> P. inyoensis</i>,<i> P. mareebaensis</i>,<i> P. namaquensis</i>, and<i> P. namibensis</i>.","PeriodicalId":20014,"journal":{"name":"Persoonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.08
P.W. Crous, M.M. Costa, H. Kandemir, M. Vermaas, D. Vu, L. Zhao, E. Arumugam, A. Flakus, Ž. Jurjević, M. Kaliyaperumal, S. Mahadevakumar, R. Murugadoss, R.G. Shivas, Y.P. Tan, M.J. Wingfield, S.E. Abell, T.S. Marney, C. Danteswari, V. Darmostuk, C.M. Denchev, T.T. Denchev, J. Etayo, J. Gené, S. Gunaseelan, V. Hubka, T. Illescas, G.M. Jansen, K. Kezo, S. Kumar, E. Larsson, K.T. Mufeeda, M. Pitek, P. Rodriguez-Flakus, P.V.S.R.N. Sarma, M. Stryjak-Bogacka, D. Torres-Garcia, J. Vauras, D.A. Acal, A. Akulov, K. Alhudaib, M. Asif, S. Balashov, H.-O. Baral, A. Baturo-Cieniewska, D. Begerow, A. Beja-Pereira, M.V. Bianchinotti, P. Bilaski, S. Chandranayaka, N. Chellappan, D.A. Cowan, F.A. Custódio, P. Czachura, G. Delgado, N.I. Desilva, J. Dijksterhuis, M. Dueñas, P. Eisvand, V. Fachada, J. Fournier, Y. Fritsche, F. Fuljer, K.G.G. Ganga, M.P. Guerra, K. Hansen, N. Hywel-Jones, A.M. Ismail, C.R. Jacobs, R. Jankowiak, A. Karich, M. Kemler, K. Kisło, W. Klofac, I. Krisai-Greilhuber, K.P.D. Latha, R. Lebeuf, M.E. Lopes, S. Lumyong, J.G. Maciá-Vicente, G. Maggs-Kölling, D. Magistà, P. Manimohan, M.P. Martín, E. Mazur, M. Mehrabi-Koushki, A.N. Miller, A. Mombert, E.A. Ossowska, K. Patejuk, O.L. Pereira, S. Piskorski, M. Plaza, A.R. Podile, A. Polhorský, W. Pusz, M. Raza, M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, M. Saba, R.M. Sánchez, R. Singh, L Liwa, M.E. Smith, V.M. Stefenon, D. Strašiftáková, N. Suwannarach, K. Szczepaska, M.T. Telleria, D.S. Tennakoon, M. Thines, R.G. Thorn, J. Urbaniak, M. Vandervegte, V. Vasan, C. Vila-Viçosa, H. Voglmayr, M. Wrzosek, J. Zappelini, J.Z. Groenewald
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Argentina, Neocamarosporium halophilum in leaf spots of Atriplex undulata. Australia , Aschersonia merianiae on scale insect (Coccoidea), Curvularia huamulaniae isolated from air, Hevansia mainiae on dead spider, Ophiocordyceps poecilometigena on Poecilometis sp. Bolivia, Lecanora menthoides on sandstone, in open semi-desert montane areas, Sticta monlueckiorum corticolous in a forest, Trichonectria epimegalosporae on apothecia of corticolous Mega-lospora sulphurata var. sulphurata, Trichonectria puncteliae on the thallus of Punctelia borreri. Brazil, Catenomargarita pseudocercosporicola (incl. Catenomargarita gen. nov.) hyperparasitic on Pseudocercospora fijiensis on leaves of Musa acuminata , Tulasnella restingae on protocorms and roots of Epidendrum fulgens. Bulgaria, Anthracoidea umbrosae on Carex spp. Croatia, Hymenoscyphus radicis from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of Microthlaspi erraticum, Orbilia multiserpentina on wood of decorticated branches of Quercus pubescens. France, Calosporella punctatispora on dead corticated twigs of Acer opalus. French West Indies (Martinique), Eutypella lechatii on dead corticatedpalmstem. Germany, Arrhenia alcalinophila onloamysoil. Iceland, Cistella blauvikensis on dead grass (Poaceae). India, Fulvifomes maritimus on living Peltophorum pterocarpum, Fulvifomes natarajanii on dead wood of Prosopis juliflora, Fulvifomes subazonatus on trunk of Azadirachta indica, Macrolepiota bharadwajii on moist soil near the forest, Narcissea delicata on decaying elephant dung, Paramyrothecium indicum on living leaves of Hibiscus hispidissimus, Trichoglossum syamviswanathii onmoistsoilnearthebaseofabambooplantation. Iran, Vacuiphoma astragalicola from stem canker of Astragalus sarcocolla . Malaysia, Neoeriomycopsis fissistigmae (incl. Neoeriomycopsidaceae fam. nov.) on leaf spotso n flower Fissistigma sp. Namibia, Exophiala lichenicola lichenicolous on Acarospora cf. luederitzensis. Netherlands , Entoloma occultatum on soil, Extremus caricis on dead leaves of Carex sp., Inocybe pseudomytiliodora onloamysoil. Norway, Inocybe guldeniae on calcareous soil, Inocybe rupestroides on gravelly soil. Pakistan, Hymenagaricus brunneodiscus on soil. Philippines, Ophiocordyceps philippinensis parasitic on Asilus sp. Poland, Hawksworthiomyces ciconiae isolated from <
{"title":"Fungal Planet description sheets: 1550–1613","authors":"P.W. Crous, M.M. Costa, H. Kandemir, M. Vermaas, D. Vu, L. Zhao, E. Arumugam, A. Flakus, Ž. Jurjević, M. Kaliyaperumal, S. Mahadevakumar, R. Murugadoss, R.G. Shivas, Y.P. Tan, M.J. Wingfield, S.E. Abell, T.S. Marney, C. Danteswari, V. Darmostuk, C.M. Denchev, T.T. Denchev, J. Etayo, J. Gené, S. Gunaseelan, V. Hubka, T. Illescas, G.M. Jansen, K. Kezo, S. Kumar, E. Larsson, K.T. Mufeeda, M. Pitek, P. Rodriguez-Flakus, P.V.S.R.N. Sarma, M. Stryjak-Bogacka, D. Torres-Garcia, J. Vauras, D.A. Acal, A. Akulov, K. Alhudaib, M. Asif, S. Balashov, H.-O. Baral, A. Baturo-Cieniewska, D. Begerow, A. Beja-Pereira, M.V. Bianchinotti, P. Bilaski, S. Chandranayaka, N. Chellappan, D.A. Cowan, F.A. Custódio, P. Czachura, G. Delgado, N.I. Desilva, J. Dijksterhuis, M. Dueñas, P. Eisvand, V. Fachada, J. Fournier, Y. Fritsche, F. Fuljer, K.G.G. Ganga, M.P. Guerra, K. Hansen, N. Hywel-Jones, A.M. Ismail, C.R. Jacobs, R. Jankowiak, A. Karich, M. Kemler, K. Kisło, W. Klofac, I. Krisai-Greilhuber, K.P.D. Latha, R. Lebeuf, M.E. Lopes, S. Lumyong, J.G. Maciá-Vicente, G. Maggs-Kölling, D. Magistà, P. Manimohan, M.P. Martín, E. Mazur, M. Mehrabi-Koushki, A.N. Miller, A. Mombert, E.A. Ossowska, K. Patejuk, O.L. Pereira, S. Piskorski, M. Plaza, A.R. Podile, A. Polhorský, W. Pusz, M. Raza, M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, M. Saba, R.M. Sánchez, R. Singh, L Liwa, M.E. Smith, V.M. Stefenon, D. Strašiftáková, N. Suwannarach, K. Szczepaska, M.T. Telleria, D.S. Tennakoon, M. Thines, R.G. Thorn, J. Urbaniak, M. Vandervegte, V. Vasan, C. Vila-Viçosa, H. Voglmayr, M. Wrzosek, J. Zappelini, J.Z. Groenewald","doi":"10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.08","url":null,"abstract":"Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows:<b> Argentina</b>,<i> Neocamarosporium halophilum </i> in leaf spots of<i> Atriplex undulata</i>.<b> Australia</b> ,<i> Aschersonia merianiae<b> </b>\u0000</i> on scale insect (<i>Coccoidea</i>),<i> Curvularia huamulaniae</i> isolated from air,<i> Hevansia mainiae</i> on dead spider,<i> Ophiocordyceps poecilometigena</i> on<i> Poecilometis</i> sp.<b> Bolivia</b>,<i> Lecanora menthoides</i> on sandstone, in open semi-desert montane areas,<i> Sticta monlueckiorum</i> corticolous in a forest,<i> Trichonectria epimegalosporae</i> on apothecia of corticolous<i> Mega-lospora sulphurata </i> var.<i> sulphurata</i>,<i> Trichonectria puncteliae</i> on the thallus of<i> Punctelia borreri</i>.<b> Brazil</b>,<i> Catenomargarita pseudocercosporicola</i> (incl.<i> Catenomargarita</i> gen. nov.)\u0000hyperparasitic on<i> Pseudocercospora fijiensis</i> on leaves of<i> Musa acuminata</i> ,<i> Tulasnella restingae</i> on protocorms and roots of<i> Epidendrum fulgens</i>. <b>Bulgaria</b>, <i>Anthracoidea umbrosae</i> on<i> Carex</i> spp.<b> Croatia</b>,<i> Hymenoscyphus radicis</i> from surface-sterilised,\u0000asymptomatic roots of<i> Microthlaspi erraticum</i>,<i> Orbilia multiserpentina</i> on wood of decorticated branches of<i> Quercus pubescens</i>.<b> France</b>,<i> Calosporella punctatispora</i> on dead corticated twigs of<i> Acer opalus</i>.<b> French West Indies (Martinique)</b>,<i> Eutypella\u0000lechatii</i> on dead corticatedpalmstem.<b> Germany</b>,<i> Arrhenia alcalinophila</i> onloamysoil.<b> Iceland</b>,<i> Cistella blauvikensis</i> on dead grass (<i>Poaceae</i>).<b> India</b>,<i> Fulvifomes maritimus</i> on living<i> Peltophorum pterocarpum</i>,<i> Fulvifomes natarajanii</i>\u0000on dead wood of<i> Prosopis juliflora</i>,<i> Fulvifomes subazonatus</i> on trunk of<i> Azadirachta indica</i>,<i> Macrolepiota bharadwajii<b> </b>\u0000</i> on moist soil near the forest,<i> Narcissea delicata</i> on decaying elephant dung,<i> Paramyrothecium indicum</i> on living leaves of<i> Hibiscus hispidissimus</i>,<i> Trichoglossum syamviswanathii</i> onmoistsoilnearthebaseofabambooplantation.<b> Iran</b>,<i> Vacuiphoma astragalicola</i> from stem canker of<i> Astragalus sarcocolla</i> .<b> Malaysia</b>,<i> Neoeriomycopsis fissistigmae</i> (incl.<i> Neoeriomycopsidaceae</i>\u0000fam. nov.) on leaf spotso n flower<i> Fissistigma</i> sp.<b> Namibia</b>,<i> Exophiala lichenicola</i> lichenicolous on<i> Acarospora</i> cf.<i> luederitzensis</i>.<b> Netherlands</b> ,<i> Entoloma occultatum</i> on soil,<i> Extremus caricis</i> on dead leaves of<i> Carex</i> sp.,<i> Inocybe\u0000pseudomytiliodora</i> onloamysoil.<b> Norway</b>,<i> Inocybe guldeniae</i> on calcareous soil,<i> Inocybe</i> rupestroides on gravelly soil. <b>Pakistan</b>, <i>Hymenagaricus brunneodiscus</i> on soil. <b>Philippines</b>, <i>Ophiocordyceps philippinensis </i>parasitic on Asilus sp. <b>Poland</b>,\u0000<i>Hawksworthiomyces ciconiae</i> isolated from <","PeriodicalId":20014,"journal":{"name":"Persoonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.03
R.A. Healy, C. Truong, M.A. Castellano, G. Bonito, J. Trappe, M.V. Caiafa, A.B. Mujic, E. Nouhra, S. Sánchez-Ramírez, M.E. Smith
Amylascus is a genus of ectomycorrhizal truffles within Pezizaceae that is known from Australia and contains only two described species, A. herbertianus and A. tasmanicus . Species of Amylascus are closely related to truffles ( Pachyphlodes , Luteoamylascus ) and cup fungi ( Plicariella ) from the Northern Hemisphere. Here we reevaluate the species diversity of Amylascus and related taxa from southern South America and Australia based on new morphological and molecular data. We identify previously undocumented diversity and morphological variability in ascospore color, ascospore ornamentation, hymenial construction, epithecium structure and the amyloid reaction of the ascus in Melzer’s reagent. We redescribe two Amylascus species from Australia and describe seven new Amylascus species, five from South America and two from Australia. This is the first report of Amylascus species from South America. We also describe the new South American genus Nothoamylascus as sister lineage to the Pachyphlodes - Amylascus - Luteoamylascus clade (including Amylascus , Luteoamylascus , Pachyphlodes , and Plicariella ). We obtained ITS sequences of mitotic spore mats from Nothoamylascus erubescens gen. & sp. nov. and four of the seven newly described Amylascus species, providing the first evidence of mitotic spore mats in Amylascus . Additional ITS sequences from mitotic spore mats reveal the presence of nine additional undescribed Amylascus and one Nothoamylascus species that do not correspond to any sampled ascomata. We also identify three additional undescribed Amylascus species based on environmental sequences from the feces of two ground-dwelling bird species from Chile, Scelorchilus rubecula and Pteroptochos tarnii . Our results indicate that ascomata from Amylascus and Nothoamylascus species are rarely collected, but molecular data from ectomycorrhizal roots and mitotic spore mats indicate that these species are probably common and widespread in southern South America. Finally, we present a time-calibrated phylogeny that is consistent with a late Gondwanan distribution. The time since the most recent common ancestor of: 1) the family Pezizaceae had a mean of 276 Ma (217–337 HPD); 2) the Amylascus - Pachyphlodes - Nothoamylascus - Luteoamylascus clade had a mean of 79 Ma (60–100 HPD); and 3) the Amylascus - Pachyphlodes clade had a mean of 50 Ma (38–62 HPD). The crown age of Pachyphlodes had a mean of 39 Ma (25–42 HPD) and Amylascus had a mean age of 28 Ma (20–37 HPD), falling near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary and the onset of the Antarctic glaciation (c. 35 Ma).
淀粉松露(Amylascus)是松露科(Pezizaceae)中外生菌根松露的一个属，已知于澳大利亚，仅有a . herbertianus和a . tasmanicus两种。直链淀粉与北半球的松露(Pachyphlodes, Luteoamylascus)和杯状真菌(Plicariella)密切相关。本文基于新的形态学和分子数据，对南美南部和澳大利亚的直链木及其相关分类群的物种多样性进行了重新评估。我们在梅尔泽试剂中鉴定了以前未记载的子囊孢子颜色、子囊孢子纹饰、膜结构、上皮结构和淀粉样反应的多样性和形态变异。我们重新描述了两个来自澳大利亚的直链淀粉种，并描述了7个新的直链淀粉种，其中5个来自南美洲，2个来自澳大利亚。这是南美洲首次报道的直链淀粉属。我们还将这个新的南美属Nothoamylascus描述为Pachyphlodes - Amylascus - Luteoamylascus分支(包括Amylascus, Luteoamylascus, Pachyphlodes和Plicariella)的姐妹谱系。我们获得了巨紫栎(Nothoamylascus erubescens)有丝分裂孢子席的ITS序列;新发现的7个直链淀粉种中的4个，为直链淀粉种有丝分裂孢子席的存在提供了第一个证据。来自有丝分裂孢子垫的额外ITS序列揭示了另外9个未描述的Amylascus和1个Nothoamylascus物种的存在，这些物种与任何取样的ascomata都不对应。根据智利两种地栖鸟类(Scelorchilus rubecula和Pteroptochos tarnii)粪便的环境序列，我们还鉴定了另外三种未描述的直链蝇。我们的研究结果表明，Amylascus和Nothoamylascus物种的ascomata很少被收集到，但来自外生菌根和有丝分裂孢子的分子数据表明，这些物种可能在南美洲南部普遍存在。最后，我们提出了一个与晚冈瓦纳分布一致的时间校准的系统发育。从最近的共同祖先到现在的时间:1)佩孜科平均276 Ma (217-337 HPD);(2)直链淀粉科-厚叶淀粉科-无直链淀粉科-黄体淀粉科枝平均为79 Ma (60 ~ 100 HPD);3) Amylascus - Pachyphlodes枝平均为50 Ma (38 ~ 62 HPD)。Pachyphlodes的平均树冠年龄为39 Ma (25-42 HPD)， Amylascus的平均树冠年龄为28 Ma (20-37 HPD)，落在始新世-渐新世边界和南极冰川开始(约35 Ma)附近。
{"title":"Re-examination of the Southern Hemisphere truffle genus Amylascus (Pezizaceae, Ascomycota) and characterization of the sister genus Nothoamylascus gen. nov.","authors":"R.A. Healy, C. Truong, M.A. Castellano, G. Bonito, J. Trappe, M.V. Caiafa, A.B. Mujic, E. Nouhra, S. Sánchez-Ramírez, M.E. Smith","doi":"10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.03","url":null,"abstract":"Amylascus is a genus of ectomycorrhizal truffles within Pezizaceae that is known from Australia and contains only two described species, A. herbertianus and A. tasmanicus . Species of Amylascus are closely related to truffles ( Pachyphlodes , Luteoamylascus ) and cup fungi ( Plicariella ) from the Northern Hemisphere. Here we reevaluate the species diversity of Amylascus and related taxa from southern South America and Australia based on new morphological and molecular data. We identify previously undocumented diversity and morphological variability in ascospore color, ascospore ornamentation, hymenial construction, epithecium structure and the amyloid reaction of the ascus in Melzer’s reagent. We redescribe two Amylascus species from Australia and describe seven new Amylascus species, five from South America and two from Australia. This is the first report of Amylascus species from South America. We also describe the new South American genus Nothoamylascus as sister lineage to the Pachyphlodes - Amylascus - Luteoamylascus clade (including Amylascus , Luteoamylascus , Pachyphlodes , and Plicariella ). We obtained ITS sequences of mitotic spore mats from Nothoamylascus erubescens gen. & sp. nov. and four of the seven newly described Amylascus species, providing the first evidence of mitotic spore mats in Amylascus . Additional ITS sequences from mitotic spore mats reveal the presence of nine additional undescribed Amylascus and one Nothoamylascus species that do not correspond to any sampled ascomata. We also identify three additional undescribed Amylascus species based on environmental sequences from the feces of two ground-dwelling bird species from Chile, Scelorchilus rubecula and Pteroptochos tarnii . Our results indicate that ascomata from Amylascus and Nothoamylascus species are rarely collected, but molecular data from ectomycorrhizal roots and mitotic spore mats indicate that these species are probably common and widespread in southern South America. Finally, we present a time-calibrated phylogeny that is consistent with a late Gondwanan distribution. The time since the most recent common ancestor of: 1) the family Pezizaceae had a mean of 276 Ma (217–337 HPD); 2) the Amylascus - Pachyphlodes - Nothoamylascus - Luteoamylascus clade had a mean of 79 Ma (60–100 HPD); and 3) the Amylascus - Pachyphlodes clade had a mean of 50 Ma (38–62 HPD). The crown age of Pachyphlodes had a mean of 39 Ma (25–42 HPD) and Amylascus had a mean age of 28 Ma (20–37 HPD), falling near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary and the onset of the Antarctic glaciation (c. 35 Ma).","PeriodicalId":20014,"journal":{"name":"Persoonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136008597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.04
R. De Lange, J. Kleine, F. Hampe, P. Asselman, C. Manz, E. De Crop, L. Delgat, S. Adamčík, A. Verbeken
Russula subgenus Compactae is a group of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes, usually with large pileate fruitbodies. European members of the group are characterised by the absence of bright colours on the surfaces of their pilei, the context turning grey to black after cutting, the abundance of short lamellulae in the hymenophore, and spores with an inamyloid suprahilar spot and with low reticulate ornamentation. Our multi-locus phylogenetic study confirmed that this morphological delimitation corresponds to a well-supported clade. Within this clade, 16 species are recognised in Europe, of which five belong to the R. albonigra lineage and were described in a previous study, while eleven are fully described in this study. The application of the names R. acrifolia , R. adusta , R. anthracina , R. atramentosa , R. densissima , R. nigricans and R. roseonigra is based on the position of sequences retrieved from types or authentic material. Based on type sequences, R. fuliginosa is synonymised with R. anthracina and two varieties of R. anthracina are considered synonyms of R. atramentosa . The application of the name R. densifolia is based on a morphological match with the traditional species interpretation and the neotype specimen. Three species are described as new, R. marxmuelleriana sp. nov., R. picrophylla sp. nov. and R. thuringiaca sp. nov. This study recognises three major lineages and two species with isolated positions within the European Compactae and a morphological barcode was assigned to the species using an analysis of 23 selected characters. A search of publicly available sequences from the UNITE database revealed that the majority of species are host tree generalists and widely distributed in temperate and Mediterranean areas of Europe. Russula adusta is the only species so far proven to form ectomycorrhiza exclusively with conifers.
密菇亚属是一组外生菌根担子菌，通常具有大的具毛的子实体。该组的欧洲成员的特点是，它们的菌毛表面没有鲜艳的颜色，背景在切割后变为灰色变为黑色，膜膜团中有大量的短片，孢子具有淀粉样的门上斑点和低网状纹饰。我们的多位点系统发育研究证实，这种形态划分对应于一个支持良好的分支。在这个分支中，欧洲已知16种，其中5种属于R. albonigra谱系，在以前的研究中被描述过，而11种在本研究中被完全描述过。根据从类型或真实资料中检索到的序列位置，选用了acrifolia R.、adusta R.、炭疽R.、atramentosa R.、densissima R. nigricans和roseonigra。从型序列上看，褐毛霉与炭疽热霉是同义的，炭疽热霉的两个变种被认为是白热热霉的同义菌。该名称的使用是基于与传统物种解释和新种标本的形态学匹配。本研究在欧洲密密科中鉴定出3个主要谱系和2个孤立位置的种，并通过对23个选择性状的分析，为该种分配了形态条形码。通过对UNITE数据库中公开序列的搜索发现，大多数物种是寄主树通才，广泛分布于欧洲温带和地中海地区。Russula adusta是迄今为止唯一被证明能与针叶树形成外生菌根的物种。
{"title":"Stop black and white thinking: Russula subgenus Compactae (Russulaceae, Russulales) in Europe revised","authors":"R. De Lange, J. Kleine, F. Hampe, P. Asselman, C. Manz, E. De Crop, L. Delgat, S. Adamčík, A. Verbeken","doi":"10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.04","url":null,"abstract":"Russula subgenus Compactae is a group of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes, usually with large pileate fruitbodies. European members of the group are characterised by the absence of bright colours on the surfaces of their pilei, the context turning grey to black after cutting, the abundance of short lamellulae in the hymenophore, and spores with an inamyloid suprahilar spot and with low reticulate ornamentation. Our multi-locus phylogenetic study confirmed that this morphological delimitation corresponds to a well-supported clade. Within this clade, 16 species are recognised in Europe, of which five belong to the R. albonigra lineage and were described in a previous study, while eleven are fully described in this study. The application of the names R. acrifolia , R. adusta , R. anthracina , R. atramentosa , R. densissima , R. nigricans and R. roseonigra is based on the position of sequences retrieved from types or authentic material. Based on type sequences, R. fuliginosa is synonymised with R. anthracina and two varieties of R. anthracina are considered synonyms of R. atramentosa . The application of the name R. densifolia is based on a morphological match with the traditional species interpretation and the neotype specimen. Three species are described as new, R. marxmuelleriana sp. nov., R. picrophylla sp. nov. and R. thuringiaca sp. nov. This study recognises three major lineages and two species with isolated positions within the European Compactae and a morphological barcode was assigned to the species using an analysis of 23 selected characters. A search of publicly available sequences from the UNITE database revealed that the majority of species are host tree generalists and widely distributed in temperate and Mediterranean areas of Europe. Russula adusta is the only species so far proven to form ectomycorrhiza exclusively with conifers.","PeriodicalId":20014,"journal":{"name":"Persoonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135158313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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