南极浅层软底栖生物群落时空动态:气候变化下的生态驱动因素

IF 2.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences BMC Ecology Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI:10.1186/s12898-019-0244-x
Belinda J Vause, Simon A Morley, Vera G Fonseca, Anna Jażdżewska, Gail V Ashton, David K A Barnes, Hendrik Giebner, Melody S Clark, Lloyd S Peck
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引用次数: 23

摘要

背景:海洋软沉积物是海洋中最广泛的栖息地之一,在全球碳循环中起着至关重要的作用,但在物种组成和生态系统功能方面研究最少。极地地区尤其如此,那里目前正在经历迅速的气候变化,人们对其影响知之甚少。与其他纬度相比,极地沉积物栖息地还经历了强季节性和冰山冲刷强烈干扰的额外环境驱动因素,这是硬基质群落的主要结构力量。为了了解群落结构的主要驱动因素,本研究首次对南极半岛Rothera Point附近的两个海湾的沉积物组合进行了比较,评估了从大型到微型动物的所有大小类别的组成。结果:形态分类鉴定出大型动物种77种,密度为464 ~ 16084只m-2。仅在夏季,利用18S核糖体RNA鉴定出189个后生动物扩增子序列变异(asv),利用线粒体COI基因鉴定出249个后生动物asv。两种方法均记录到南湾的分类多样性高于机库湾,但在不同的海湾之间存在差异,尽管主要的分类驱动因素因技术而异。形态分类学鉴定的主要差异为软体动物Altenaeum charcoti,针孔动物Edwardsia sp.和多毛动物cirratulidae科。元条形码鉴定出南湾的线虫、甲壳类和扁形类较多,而机库湾的双壳类较多。通过形态分类学测量,在季节、年份之间或由于冰山干扰,群落组成没有可检测到的差异。结论:本研究发现,与硬基质群落不同,南极软沉积物群落多样性与其他纬度相同的因子相关。多样性与粒度和有机质含量显著相关,与冰山冲刷无关。因此,随着冰川融化,冰川沉积物输入的增加可能比冰山扰动的增加更为重要。
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Spatial and temporal dynamics of Antarctic shallow soft-bottom benthic communities: ecological drivers under climate change.

Background: Marine soft sediments are some of the most widespread habitats in the ocean, playing a vital role in global carbon cycling, but are amongst the least studied with regard to species composition and ecosystem functioning. This is particularly true of the Polar Regions, which are currently undergoing rapid climate change, the impacts of which are poorly understood. Compared to other latitudes, Polar sediment habitats also experience additional environmental drivers of strong seasonality and intense disturbance from iceberg scouring, which are major structural forces for hard substratum communities. This study compared sediment assemblages from two coves, near Rothera Point, Antarctic Peninsula, 67°S in order to understand the principal drivers of community structure, for the first time, evaluating composition across all size classes from mega- to micro-fauna.

Results: Morpho-taxonomy identified 77 macrofaunal species with densities of 464-16,084 individuals m-2. eDNA metabarcoding of microfauna, in summer only, identified a higher diversity, 189 metazoan amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) using the 18S ribosomal RNA and 249 metazoan ASVs using the mitochondrial COI gene. Both techniques recorded a greater taxonomic diversity in South Cove than Hangar Cove, with differences in communities between the coves, although the main taxonomic drivers varied between techniques. Morphotaxonomy identified the main differences between coves as the mollusc, Altenaeum charcoti, the cnidarian Edwardsia sp. and the polychaetes from the family cirratulidae. Metabarcoding identified greater numbers of species of nematodes, crustaceans and Platyhelminthes in South Cove, but more bivalve species in Hangar Cove. There were no detectable differences in community composition, measured through morphotaxonomy, between seasons, years or due to iceberg disturbance.

Conclusions: This study found that unlike hard substratum communities the diversity of Antarctic soft sediment communities is correlated with the same factors as other latitudes. Diversity was significantly correlated with grain size and organic content, not iceberg scour. The increase in glacial sediment input as glaciers melt, may therefore be more important than increased iceberg disturbance.

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来源期刊
BMC Ecology
BMC Ecology ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
4.50%
发文量
0
审稿时长
22 weeks
期刊介绍: BMC Ecology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on environmental, behavioral and population ecology as well as biodiversity of plants, animals and microbes.
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