Abeer M Almutairi, Yazan Akkam, Mohammad F Alajmi, Nosaibah Akkam
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Investigating potential health impacts is essential to the development of regulations and legislation to minimize health risks.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the present study was to investigate the potentially hazardous effect of air pollution on the Ali Sabah Al Salem residential area in Kuwait by comparing the pollution level to a control area (Al-Qirawan) by assessing two biomarkers: erythrocyte glutathione S-transferases (e-GST) and total blood antioxidant, and then correlating the activity to pollution-related oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The average concentrations of several airborne gases were measured at Ali Sabah Al Salem and Al-Qirawan, including ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM<sub>10</sub>), sulfur dioxide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and non-methane hydrocarbon. A total of fifty-eight participants were sampled from two different areas and divided into two groups. The study group was composed of 40 residents exposed to polluted ambient air in the Ali Sabah Al Salem residential area. A reference group composed of 18 residents in the Al-Qairawan area living far from major pollution sources was also tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All measured gases were higher in concentration at Ali Sabah Al Salem compared to the Al-Qirawan area. Furthermore, PM<sub>10</sub> and sulfur dioxide were higher than World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The e-GST activity was lower among participants of the Ali Sabah Al Salem residential area compared to participants living in the Al-Qairawan area. The total antioxidant capacity in whole blood of Ali Sabah Al Salem residents was significantly (p<0.0001) higher than in control subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Residents in Ali Sabah Al Salem are exposed to a high level of air pollution that has a serious impact on glutathione S-transferases levels. Subsequently, regulations on pollution sources are needed to lower current health risks. Furthermore, the present study provides evidence that finger-prick blood sampling is a quick, non-invasive method suitable for screening e-GST activity and total antioxidants which may be applied for surveillance purposes.</p><p><strong>Participant consent: </strong>Obtained.</p><p><strong>Ethics approval: </strong>The study was approved by the Scientific Research Committee of the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Kuwait.</p><p><strong>Competing interests: </strong>The authors declare no competing financial interests.</p>","PeriodicalId":52138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Pollution","volume":"10 27","pages":"200906"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453819/pdf/","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effect of Air Pollution on Glutathione S-Transferase Activity and Total Antioxidant Capacity: Cross Sectional Study in Kuwait.\",\"authors\":\"Abeer M Almutairi, Yazan Akkam, Mohammad F Alajmi, Nosaibah Akkam\",\"doi\":\"10.5696/2156-9614-10.27.200906\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health worldwide. 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引用次数: 2
摘要
背景:空气污染对全世界人类健康构成重大威胁。调查潜在的健康影响对于制定规章和立法以尽量减少健康风险至关重要。目的:本研究的目的是通过评估两种生物标志物:红细胞谷胱甘肽s -转移酶(e-GST)和总血液抗氧化剂，然后将其活性与污染相关的氧化应激联系起来，将科威特Ali Sabah Al Salem居民区的污染水平与对照区(Al- qirawan)进行比较，研究空气污染对其潜在的有害影响。方法:测定了沙巴阿勒塞勒姆和奇拉万两处空气中臭氧、一氧化碳、二氧化氮、氮氧化物、10 μm以下颗粒物(PM10)、二氧化硫、氨、二氧化碳、硫化氢、甲烷和非甲烷烃等气体的平均浓度。共有58名参与者来自两个不同的地区，并被分为两组。研究小组由40名暴露在Ali Sabah Al Salem居民区污染空气中的居民组成。还对Al-Qairawan地区远离主要污染源的18名居民组成的参照组进行了测试。结果:与Al- qirawan地区相比，Ali Sabah Al Salem地区所有测量到的气体浓度都更高。此外，PM10和二氧化硫高于世界卫生组织(世卫组织)的指导方针。与居住在Al- qairawan地区的参与者相比，Ali Sabah Al Salem住宅区的参与者的电子商品及服务税活动较低。结论:Ali Sabah Al Salem居民暴露在高水平的空气污染中，对谷胱甘肽s -转移酶水平有严重影响。随后，需要制定污染源法规，以降低目前的健康风险。此外，本研究还提供了证据，证明手指刺血是一种快速，无创的方法，适合筛选e-GST活性和总抗氧化剂，可用于监测目的。参与者同意:已获取。伦理批准:该研究已获得科威特应用教育和培训公共权力机构科学研究委员会的批准。利益竞争:作者声明没有经济利益竞争。
Effect of Air Pollution on Glutathione S-Transferase Activity and Total Antioxidant Capacity: Cross Sectional Study in Kuwait.
Background: Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health worldwide. Investigating potential health impacts is essential to the development of regulations and legislation to minimize health risks.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the potentially hazardous effect of air pollution on the Ali Sabah Al Salem residential area in Kuwait by comparing the pollution level to a control area (Al-Qirawan) by assessing two biomarkers: erythrocyte glutathione S-transferases (e-GST) and total blood antioxidant, and then correlating the activity to pollution-related oxidative stress.
Methods: The average concentrations of several airborne gases were measured at Ali Sabah Al Salem and Al-Qirawan, including ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and non-methane hydrocarbon. A total of fifty-eight participants were sampled from two different areas and divided into two groups. The study group was composed of 40 residents exposed to polluted ambient air in the Ali Sabah Al Salem residential area. A reference group composed of 18 residents in the Al-Qairawan area living far from major pollution sources was also tested.
Results: All measured gases were higher in concentration at Ali Sabah Al Salem compared to the Al-Qirawan area. Furthermore, PM10 and sulfur dioxide were higher than World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The e-GST activity was lower among participants of the Ali Sabah Al Salem residential area compared to participants living in the Al-Qairawan area. The total antioxidant capacity in whole blood of Ali Sabah Al Salem residents was significantly (p<0.0001) higher than in control subjects.
Conclusions: Residents in Ali Sabah Al Salem are exposed to a high level of air pollution that has a serious impact on glutathione S-transferases levels. Subsequently, regulations on pollution sources are needed to lower current health risks. Furthermore, the present study provides evidence that finger-prick blood sampling is a quick, non-invasive method suitable for screening e-GST activity and total antioxidants which may be applied for surveillance purposes.
Participant consent: Obtained.
Ethics approval: The study was approved by the Scientific Research Committee of the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Kuwait.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Health and Pollution (JH&P) was initiated with funding from the European Union and World Bank and continues to be a Platinum Open Access Journal. There are no publication or viewing charges. That is, there are no charges to readers or authors. Upon peer-review and acceptance, all articles are made available online. The high-ranking editorial board is comprised of active members who participate in JH&P submissions and editorial policies. The Journal of Health and Pollution welcomes manuscripts based on original research as well as findings from re-interpretation and examination of existing data. JH&P focuses on point source pollution, related health impacts, environmental control and remediation technology. JH&P also has an interest in ambient and indoor pollution. Pollutants of particular interest include heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), air particulates (PM10 and PM2.5), and other severe and persistent toxins. JH&P emphasizes work relating directly to low and middle-income countries, however relevant work relating to high-income countries will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
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