{"title":"内源性逆转录病毒驱动抗性和促进外源性逆转录病毒同源物。","authors":"Elliott S Chiu, Sue VandeWoude","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-050620-101416","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) serve as markers of ancient viral infections and provide invaluable insight into host and viral evolution. ERVs have been exapted to assist in performing basic biological functions, including placentation, immune modulation, and oncogenesis. A subset of ERVs share high nucleotide similarity to circulating horizontally transmitted exogenous retrovirus (XRV) progenitors. In these cases, ERV-XRV interactions have been documented and include (<i>a</i>) recombination to result in ERV-XRV chimeras, (<i>b</i>) ERV induction of immune self-tolerance to XRV antigens, (<i>c</i>) ERV antigen interference with XRV receptor binding, and (<i>d</i>) interactions resulting in both enhancement and restriction of XRV infections. Whereas the mechanisms governing recombination and immune self-tolerance have been partially determined, enhancement and restriction of XRV infection are virus specific and only partially understood. This review summarizes interactions between six unique ERV-XRV pairs, highlighting important ERV biological functions and potential evolutionary histories in vertebrate hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"225-248"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7000,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-animal-050620-101416","citationCount":"16","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Endogenous Retroviruses Drive Resistance and Promotion of Exogenous Retroviral Homologs.\",\"authors\":\"Elliott S Chiu, Sue VandeWoude\",\"doi\":\"10.1146/annurev-animal-050620-101416\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) serve as markers of ancient viral infections and provide invaluable insight into host and viral evolution. ERVs have been exapted to assist in performing basic biological functions, including placentation, immune modulation, and oncogenesis. A subset of ERVs share high nucleotide similarity to circulating horizontally transmitted exogenous retrovirus (XRV) progenitors. In these cases, ERV-XRV interactions have been documented and include (<i>a</i>) recombination to result in ERV-XRV chimeras, (<i>b</i>) ERV induction of immune self-tolerance to XRV antigens, (<i>c</i>) ERV antigen interference with XRV receptor binding, and (<i>d</i>) interactions resulting in both enhancement and restriction of XRV infections. Whereas the mechanisms governing recombination and immune self-tolerance have been partially determined, enhancement and restriction of XRV infection are virus specific and only partially understood. This review summarizes interactions between six unique ERV-XRV pairs, highlighting important ERV biological functions and potential evolutionary histories in vertebrate hosts.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48953,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences\",\"volume\":\"9 \",\"pages\":\"225-248\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":8.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-02-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-animal-050620-101416\",\"citationCount\":\"16\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-050620-101416\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2020/12/8 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-050620-101416","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2020/12/8 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Endogenous Retroviruses Drive Resistance and Promotion of Exogenous Retroviral Homologs.
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) serve as markers of ancient viral infections and provide invaluable insight into host and viral evolution. ERVs have been exapted to assist in performing basic biological functions, including placentation, immune modulation, and oncogenesis. A subset of ERVs share high nucleotide similarity to circulating horizontally transmitted exogenous retrovirus (XRV) progenitors. In these cases, ERV-XRV interactions have been documented and include (a) recombination to result in ERV-XRV chimeras, (b) ERV induction of immune self-tolerance to XRV antigens, (c) ERV antigen interference with XRV receptor binding, and (d) interactions resulting in both enhancement and restriction of XRV infections. Whereas the mechanisms governing recombination and immune self-tolerance have been partially determined, enhancement and restriction of XRV infection are virus specific and only partially understood. This review summarizes interactions between six unique ERV-XRV pairs, highlighting important ERV biological functions and potential evolutionary histories in vertebrate hosts.
期刊介绍：
The Annual Review of Animal Biosciences is primarily dedicated to the fields of biotechnology, genetics, genomics, and breeding, with a special focus on veterinary medicine. This includes veterinary pathobiology, infectious diseases and vaccine development, and conservation and zoo biology. The publication aims to address the needs of scientists studying both wild and domesticated animal species, veterinarians, conservation biologists, and geneticists.
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