埃塞俄比亚农药使用的环境和健康风险。

IF 2.4 Q1 Medicine Journal of Health and Pollution Pub Date : 2021-05-28 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI:10.5696/2156-9614-11.30.210601
Beyene Negatu, Sisay Dugassa, Yalemtshay Mekonnen
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引用次数: 24

摘要

背景:在非洲许多地区经常有不安全农药使用的报告。埃塞俄比亚是非洲人口第二多的国家,大约80%的人口仍然依赖于大量使用农药的农业。若干研究审查了埃塞俄比亚境内与农药有关的健康和环境风险。然而,这些研究大多规模较小,因此很难全面了解该国的健康风险程度和环境污染程度。目的:本研究的目的是综合和总结当代关于埃塞俄比亚农药相关风险和相关差距的知识。方法:通过电子数据库检索和灰色文献收集,收集埃塞俄比亚农药使用风险信息。电子检索使用MEDLINE(通过PubMed)进行,没有任何出版日期或语言规范。系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)清单被用作本综述创建的指南。讨论:综合审查过的研究表明,有证据表明职业性接触农药造成健康风险,有证据表明地表水受到农药污染,可能对公众造成慢性健康风险,有证据表明农药污染环境(例如土壤生物、鱼类、蜂群和野生动物),有证据表明食品中农药残留给当地和国际消费者带来风险。此外,经常有与切花农场有关的健康和环境危害的报告。还有证据表明,在粮食作物上直接使用滴滴涕(二氯二苯三氯乙烷),并在地表水、土壤和人类母乳中检测到滴滴涕残留。这些报告的风险可能是由于农场工人缺乏知识、农场主疏忽、缺乏注册后监测系统以及由于机构能力差,埃塞俄比亚国家和国际法规执行不力造成的。结论:不适当使用农药的健康和环境风险要求所有有关机构采取行动。改进法规执行的体制安排、提高认识和进一步的干预研究可以减少农药滥用的高风险。利益竞争:作者声明没有经济利益竞争。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Environmental and Health Risks of Pesticide Use in Ethiopia.

Background: There are frequent reports of unsafe pesticide use in many parts of Africa. Ethiopia is the second most populous nation in Africa with around 80% of the population still depending on agriculture which intensively uses pesticides. A number of studies have examined pesticide-related health and environmental risks in Ethiopia. However, most of these studies have been small in scale and it is therefore challenging to get a general overview of the extent of health risks and level of environmental contamination in the country.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to synthesize and summarize contemporary knowledge on pesticide-related risks and relevant gaps in Ethiopia.

Methods: An electronic database search and gathering of grey literature were done to collect information on the risks of pesticide use in Ethiopia. The electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) without any publication date or language specifications. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was used as guide in the creation of this review.

Discussion: A synthesis of the reviewed studies showed evidence of health risks due to occupational pesticide exposure, surface water pollution with pesticides that could cause chronic health risks to the public, evidence of pesticide contamination of the environment (e.g., soil organisms, fish, bee colonies and wildlife) and local as well as international consumer risks due to pesticide residues in food items. In addition, there have been frequent reports of health and environmental hazards in association with cut-flower farms. There is also evidence of direct use of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) on food crops and detection of DDT residues in surface water, soil and human breast milk. Those reported risks might be due to lack of knowledge among farm workers, negligence of farm owners, absence of post-registration monitoring systems and poor implementation of both national and international regulations in Ethiopia due to poor institutional capacity.

Conclusions: The health and environmental risks of inappropriate use of pesticides requires action by all concerned bodies. Improved institutional arrangements for enforcement of regulations, awareness and further intervention studies could lessen the high risks of pesticide misuse.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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来源期刊
Journal of Health and Pollution
Journal of Health and Pollution Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
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审稿时长
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期刊介绍: The Journal of Health and Pollution (JH&P) was initiated with funding from the European Union and World Bank and continues to be a Platinum Open Access Journal. There are no publication or viewing charges. That is, there are no charges to readers or authors. Upon peer-review and acceptance, all articles are made available online. The high-ranking editorial board is comprised of active members who participate in JH&P submissions and editorial policies. The Journal of Health and Pollution welcomes manuscripts based on original research as well as findings from re-interpretation and examination of existing data. JH&P focuses on point source pollution, related health impacts, environmental control and remediation technology. JH&P also has an interest in ambient and indoor pollution. Pollutants of particular interest include heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), air particulates (PM10 and PM2.5), and other severe and persistent toxins. JH&P emphasizes work relating directly to low and middle-income countries, however relevant work relating to high-income countries will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
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