Dayi Zhang , Xian Zhang , Yunfeng Yang , Xia Huang , Jingkun Jiang , Miao Li , Haibo Ling , Jing Li , Yi Liu , Guanghe Li , Weiwei Li , Chuan Yi , Ting Zhang , Yongzhong Jiang , Yan Xiong , Zhenyu He , Xinzi Wang , Songqiang Deng , Peng Zhao , Jiuhui Qu
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2向医院室外环境的溢出","authors":"Dayi Zhang , Xian Zhang , Yunfeng Yang , Xia Huang , Jingkun Jiang , Miao Li , Haibo Ling , Jing Li , Yi Liu , Guanghe Li , Weiwei Li , Chuan Yi , Ting Zhang , Yongzhong Jiang , Yan Xiong , Zhenyu He , Xinzi Wang , Songqiang Deng , Peng Zhao , Jiuhui Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100027","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Facing the ongoing coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many studies focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in indoor environment, on solid surface or in wastewater. It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 can spill over into outdoor environments and impose transmission risks to surrounding people and communities. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 by measuring viral RNA in 118 samples from outdoor environment of three hospitals in Wuhan. We detected SARS-CoV-2 in soils (205–550 copies/g), aerosols (285−1,130 copies/m<sup>3</sup>) and wastewaters (255−18,744 copies/L) in locations close to hospital departments receiving COVID-19 patients or in wastewater treatment sectors. These findings revealed a significant viral spillover in hospital outdoor environments that was possibly caused by respiratory droplets from patients or aerosolized particles from wastewater containing SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in other areas or on surfaces with regular implemented disinfection. Soils may behave as viral warehouse through deposition and serve as a secondary source spreading SARS-CoV-2 for a prolonged time. For the first time, our findings demonstrate that there are high-risk areas out of expectation in hospital outdoor environments to spread SARS-CoV-2, calling for sealing of wastewater treatment unit and complete sanitation to prevent COVID-19 transmission risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6000,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100027","citationCount":"48","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"SARS-CoV-2 spillover into hospital outdoor environments\",\"authors\":\"Dayi Zhang , Xian Zhang , Yunfeng Yang , Xia Huang , Jingkun Jiang , Miao Li , Haibo Ling , Jing Li , Yi Liu , Guanghe Li , Weiwei Li , Chuan Yi , Ting Zhang , Yongzhong Jiang , Yan Xiong , Zhenyu He , Xinzi Wang , Songqiang Deng , Peng Zhao , Jiuhui Qu\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100027\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Facing the ongoing coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many studies focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in indoor environment, on solid surface or in wastewater. It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 can spill over into outdoor environments and impose transmission risks to surrounding people and communities. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 by measuring viral RNA in 118 samples from outdoor environment of three hospitals in Wuhan. We detected SARS-CoV-2 in soils (205–550 copies/g), aerosols (285−1,130 copies/m<sup>3</sup>) and wastewaters (255−18,744 copies/L) in locations close to hospital departments receiving COVID-19 patients or in wastewater treatment sectors. These findings revealed a significant viral spillover in hospital outdoor environments that was possibly caused by respiratory droplets from patients or aerosolized particles from wastewater containing SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in other areas or on surfaces with regular implemented disinfection. Soils may behave as viral warehouse through deposition and serve as a secondary source spreading SARS-CoV-2 for a prolonged time. For the first time, our findings demonstrate that there are high-risk areas out of expectation in hospital outdoor environments to spread SARS-CoV-2, calling for sealing of wastewater treatment unit and complete sanitation to prevent COVID-19 transmission risks.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":93463,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of hazardous materials letters\",\"volume\":\"2 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100027\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-11-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100027\",\"citationCount\":\"48\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of hazardous materials letters\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911021000150\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911021000150","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
SARS-CoV-2 spillover into hospital outdoor environments
Facing the ongoing coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many studies focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in indoor environment, on solid surface or in wastewater. It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 can spill over into outdoor environments and impose transmission risks to surrounding people and communities. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 by measuring viral RNA in 118 samples from outdoor environment of three hospitals in Wuhan. We detected SARS-CoV-2 in soils (205–550 copies/g), aerosols (285−1,130 copies/m3) and wastewaters (255−18,744 copies/L) in locations close to hospital departments receiving COVID-19 patients or in wastewater treatment sectors. These findings revealed a significant viral spillover in hospital outdoor environments that was possibly caused by respiratory droplets from patients or aerosolized particles from wastewater containing SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in other areas or on surfaces with regular implemented disinfection. Soils may behave as viral warehouse through deposition and serve as a secondary source spreading SARS-CoV-2 for a prolonged time. For the first time, our findings demonstrate that there are high-risk areas out of expectation in hospital outdoor environments to spread SARS-CoV-2, calling for sealing of wastewater treatment unit and complete sanitation to prevent COVID-19 transmission risks.