Three-dimensional telesurgery and remote proctoring over a 5G network.

Purpose: To present 2 cases of vitreoretinal surgery performed on a three-dimensional (3D) heads-up display surgical platform with real-time transfer of 3D video over a fifth-generation (5G) cellular network.

Methods: An epiretinal membrane peel and tractional retinal detachment repair performed at Massachusetts Eye and Ear in April 2019 were broadcast live to the Verizon 5G Lab in Cambridge, MA.

Results: Both surgeries were successful. The heads-up digital surgery platform, combined with a 5G network, allowed telesurgical transfer of high-quality 3D vitreoretinal surgery with minimal degradation. Average end-to-end latency was 250 ms, and average round-trip latency was 16 ms. Fine surgical details were observed remotely by a proctoring surgeon and trainee, with real-time communication via mobile phone.

Conclusions: This pilot study represents the first successful demonstration of vitreoretinal surgery transmitted over a 5G network. Telesurgery has the potential to enhance surgical education, provide intraoperative consultation and guidance from expert proctors, and improve patient outcomes, especially in remote and low-resource areas.