{"title":"研究社会关系的实用指南","authors":"Joan Silk, Dorothy Cheney, Robert Seyfarth","doi":"10.1002/evan.21367","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Behavioral ecologists have devoted considerable effort to identifying the sources of variation in individual reproductive success.<span>1-5</span> Much of this work has focused on the characteristics of individuals, such as their sex and rank. However, many animals live in stable social groups and the fitness of individuals depends at least in part on the outcome of their interactions with other group members. For example, in many primate species, high dominance rank enhances access to resources and reproductive success.<span>4, 5</span> The ability to acquire and maintain high rank often depends on the availability and effectiveness of coalitionary support.<span>6</span> Allies may be cultivated and coalitions may be reinforced by affiliative interactions such as grooming, food sharing, and tolerance.<span>7, 8</span> These findings suggest that if we want to understand the selective pressures that shape the social behavior of primates, it will be profitable to broaden our focus from the characteristics of individuals to the properties of the relationships that they form with others. The goal of this paper is to discuss a set of methods that can be used to quantify the properties of social relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":47849,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2013-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/evan.21367","citationCount":"185","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A practical guide to the study of social relationships\",\"authors\":\"Joan Silk, Dorothy Cheney, Robert Seyfarth\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/evan.21367\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Behavioral ecologists have devoted considerable effort to identifying the sources of variation in individual reproductive success.<span>1-5</span> Much of this work has focused on the characteristics of individuals, such as their sex and rank. However, many animals live in stable social groups and the fitness of individuals depends at least in part on the outcome of their interactions with other group members. For example, in many primate species, high dominance rank enhances access to resources and reproductive success.<span>4, 5</span> The ability to acquire and maintain high rank often depends on the availability and effectiveness of coalitionary support.<span>6</span> Allies may be cultivated and coalitions may be reinforced by affiliative interactions such as grooming, food sharing, and tolerance.<span>7, 8</span> These findings suggest that if we want to understand the selective pressures that shape the social behavior of primates, it will be profitable to broaden our focus from the characteristics of individuals to the properties of the relationships that they form with others. The goal of this paper is to discuss a set of methods that can be used to quantify the properties of social relationships.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":47849,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Evolutionary Anthropology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2013-10-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/evan.21367\",\"citationCount\":\"185\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Evolutionary Anthropology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"90\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/evan.21367\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"社会学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ANTHROPOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Evolutionary Anthropology","FirstCategoryId":"90","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/evan.21367","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ANTHROPOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
A practical guide to the study of social relationships
Behavioral ecologists have devoted considerable effort to identifying the sources of variation in individual reproductive success.1-5 Much of this work has focused on the characteristics of individuals, such as their sex and rank. However, many animals live in stable social groups and the fitness of individuals depends at least in part on the outcome of their interactions with other group members. For example, in many primate species, high dominance rank enhances access to resources and reproductive success.4, 5 The ability to acquire and maintain high rank often depends on the availability and effectiveness of coalitionary support.6 Allies may be cultivated and coalitions may be reinforced by affiliative interactions such as grooming, food sharing, and tolerance.7, 8 These findings suggest that if we want to understand the selective pressures that shape the social behavior of primates, it will be profitable to broaden our focus from the characteristics of individuals to the properties of the relationships that they form with others. The goal of this paper is to discuss a set of methods that can be used to quantify the properties of social relationships.
期刊介绍:
Evolutionary Anthropology is an authoritative review journal that focuses on issues of current interest in biological anthropology, paleoanthropology, archaeology, functional morphology, social biology, and bone biology — including dentition and osteology — as well as human biology, genetics, and ecology. In addition to lively, well-illustrated articles reviewing contemporary research efforts, this journal also publishes general news of relevant developments in the scientific, social, or political arenas. Reviews of noteworthy new books are also included, as are letters to the editor and listings of various conferences. The journal provides a valuable source of current information for classroom teaching and research activities in evolutionary anthropology.