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Male-philopatric nonhuman primates and their potential role in understanding the evolution of human sociality 雄性-雌性非人灵长类动物及其在理解人类社会性进化中的潜在作用
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22014
Krista M. Milich

In most primate species, males transfer out of their natal groups, resulting in groups of unrelated males. However, in a few species, including humans, males remain in their groups and form life-long associations with each other. This pattern of male philopatry is linked with cooperative male behaviors, including border patrols and predator defense. Because females in male-philopatric species form weaker kin networks with each other than in female-philopatric species, they are expected to evolve counter-strategies to male sexual coercion that are relatively independent of support from other females. Studies of male-philopatric nonhuman primates can provide insight into the evolutionary basis of prosocial behaviors, cooperation, and group action in humans and offer comparative models for understanding the sociality of other hominin species. This review will discuss patterns of dispersal and philopatry across primates, explore the resulting male and female behaviors, and argue that male-philopatric nonhuman primate species offer insight into the social and sexual dynamics of hominins throughout evolution.

在大多数灵长类动物中,雄性动物会从出生的群体中转移出来,从而形成由无血缘关系的雄性动物组成的群体。然而,在包括人类在内的少数物种中,雄性会留在自己的群体中,并彼此形成终生的联系。这种雄性相亲模式与雄性的合作行为有关,包括边界巡逻和捕食者防御。与雌性相亲物种相比,雄性相亲物种中的雌性相互之间形成的亲属网络较弱,因此预计它们会进化出相对独立于其他雌性支持的反策略,以对抗雄性的性胁迫。对雄性-雌性同居的非人灵长类的研究可以让我们深入了解人类亲社会行为、合作和群体行动的进化基础,并为了解其他类人物种的社会性提供比较模型。这篇综述将讨论灵长类动物的散居和相亲模式,探讨由此产生的雄性和雌性行为,并认为雄性-相亲的非人灵长类物种为了解整个进化过程中人的社会和性动态提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
A review of the distal femur in Australopithecus 南方古猿股骨远端研究进展。
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22012
Catherine K. Miller, Jeremy M. DeSilva

In 1938, the first distal femur of a fossil Australopithecus was discovered at Sterkfontein, South Africa. A decade later, another distal femur was discovered at the same locality. These two fossil femora were the subject of a foundational paper authored by Kingsbury Heiple and Owen Lovejoy in 1971. In this paper, the authors discussed functionally relevant anatomies of these two fossil femora and noted their strong affinity to the modern human condition. Here, we update this work by including eight more fossil Australopithecus distal femora, an expanded comparative dataset, as well as additional linear measurements. Just as Heiple and Lovejoy reported a half-century ago, we find strong overlap between modern humans and cercopithecoids, except for inferiorly flattened condyles and a high bicondylar angle, both of which characterize modern humans and Australopithecus and are directly related to striding bipedalism. All other measured aspects of the femora are by-products of these key morphological traits. Additional fossil material from the early Pliocene will help to inform the evolution of the hominin distal femur and its condition in the Pan-Homo common ancestor that preceded bipedal locomotion.

1938年,在南非的Sterkfontein发现了第一具南方古猿化石的远端股骨。十年后,在同一位置发现了另一根远端股骨。这两个化石股骨是金斯伯里·海普尔和欧文·洛夫乔伊在1971年撰写的一篇基础论文的主题。在本文中,作者讨论了这两个化石股骨的功能相关解剖学,并指出它们与现代人类状况有很强的亲和力。在这里,我们更新了这项工作,包括八个化石南方古猿股骨远端,一个扩大的比较数据集,以及额外的线性测量。正如heple和Lovejoy在半个世纪前所报道的那样,我们发现现代人和颈猿之间有很强的重叠,除了下扁平的髁和高的双髁角,这两个特征都是现代人和南方古猿的特征,与跨步两足动物直接相关。股骨的所有其他测量方面都是这些关键形态特征的副产品。来自上新世早期的额外化石材料将有助于了解人类远端股骨的进化及其在两足运动之前的泛人共同祖先中的状况。
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引用次数: 0
Punctuated equilibrium at 50: Anything there for evolutionary anthropology? Yes; definitely 50岁的间断平衡:进化人类学有什么发现吗?是的,肯定。
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22009
Michael J. O'Brien, Sergi Valverde, Salva Duran-Nebreda, Blai Vidiella, R. Alexander Bentley

The theory of punctuated equilibrium (PE) was developed a little over 50 years ago to explain long-term, large-scale appearance and disappearance of species in the fossil record. A theory designed specifically for that purpose cannot be expected, out of the box, to be directly applicable to biocultural evolution, but in revised form, PE offers a promising approach to incorporating not only a wealth of recent empirical research on genetic, linguistic, and technological evolution but also large databases that document human biological and cultural diversity across time and space. Here we isolate the fundamental components of PE and propose which pieces, when reassembled or renamed, can be highly useful in evolutionary anthropology, especially as humanity faces abrupt ecological challenges on an increasingly larger scale.

间断平衡理论(PE)是在50多年前发展起来的,用于解释化石记录中物种长期、大规模的出现和消失。专门为此目的而设计的理论不能被期望开箱即用,直接适用于生物文化进化,但在修订后的形式中,PE提供了一种有希望的方法,不仅包含了大量最近关于遗传、语言和技术进化的实证研究,而且还包含了记录人类生物和文化多样性的大型数据库。在这里,我们分离出PE的基本组成部分,并提出哪些部分,当重新组装或重新命名时,可以在进化人类学中非常有用,特别是当人类面临日益大规模的突然生态挑战时。
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引用次数: 0
Moving away from “the Muddle in the Middle” toward solving the Chibanian puzzle 从“中间的泥沼”走向解决奇巴尼亚难题。
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22011
Christopher J. Bae, Leslie C. Aiello, John Hawks, Yousuke Kaifu, Joshua Lindal, María Martinón-Torres, Xijun Ni, Cosimo Posth, Predrag Radović, Denne Reed, Lauren Schroeder, Jeffrey H. Schwartz, Mary T. Silcox, Frido Welker, Xiu-Jie Wu, Clément Zanolli, Mirjana Roksandic
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引用次数: 0
Evolutionary medicine approaches to chronic disease: The case of irritable bowel syndrome 慢性病的进化医学方法:肠易激综合征。
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22010
Makenna B. Lenover, Mary K. Shenk

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a gastrointestinal disease, is a global phenomenon correlated with industrialization. We propose that an evolutionary medicine approach is useful to understand this disease from an ultimate perspective and conducted a scoping literature review to synthesize the IBS literature within this framework. Our review suggests five potential evolutionary hypotheses for the cause of IBS, including (a) a dietary mismatch accompanying a nutritional transition, (b) an early hygienic life environment leading to the immune system and microbiotic changes, (c) an outcome of decreased physical activity, (d) a response to changes in environmental light–dark cycles, and (e) an artifact of an evolved fight or flight response. We find key limitations in the available data needed to understand early life, nutritional, and socioeconomic experiences that would allow us to understand evolutionarily relevant risk factors and identify a need for further empirical research to distinguish potential causes and test evolutionary hypotheses.

肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种胃肠道疾病,是一种与工业化相关的全球性现象。我们提出,进化医学方法有助于从终极角度理解这种疾病,并进行了范围界定文献综述,以在该框架内综合IBS文献。我们的综述提出了肠易激综合征病因的五个潜在进化假说,包括(a)伴随营养转变的饮食不匹配,(b)导致免疫系统和微生物变化的早期卫生生活环境,(c)体力活动减少的结果,(d)对环境明暗周期变化的反应,以及(e)进化的战斗或逃跑反应的人工制品。我们发现,了解早期生活、营养和社会经济经历所需的可用数据存在关键局限性,这将使我们能够了解进化相关的风险因素,并确定需要进一步的实证研究来区分潜在原因和检验进化假设。
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引用次数: 0
Homo heterogenus: Variability in early Pleistocene Homo environments 异属人:更新世早期人属环境的变异性。
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22005
Tegan I. F. Foister, Indrė Žliobaitė, Oscar E. Wilson, Mikael Fortelius, Miikka Tallavaara

To understand the ecological dominance of Homo sapiens, we need to investigate the origins of the plasticity that has enabled our colonization of the planet. We can approach this by exploring the variability of habitats to which different hominin populations have adapted over time. In this article, we draw upon and synthesize the current research on habitats of genus Homo during the early Pleistocene. We examined 121 published environmental reconstructions from 74 early Pleistocene sites or site phases to assess the balance of arguments in the research community. We found that, while grasslands and savannahs were prominent features of Homo habitats in the early Pleistocene, current research does not place early Pleistocene Homo, in any single environmental type, but in a wide variety of environments, ranging from open grasslands to forests. Our analysis also suggests that the first known dispersal of Homo out of Africa was accompanied by niche expansion.

为了理解智人的生态优势,我们需要调查使我们能够殖民地球的可塑性的起源。我们可以通过探索不同原始人种群随着时间的推移所适应的栖息地的可变性来解决这一问题。本文借鉴和综合了更新世早期人属栖息地的研究现状。我们检查了74个更新世早期遗址或遗址阶段的121个已发表的环境重建,以评估研究界的争论平衡。我们发现,虽然草原和稀树草原是更新世早期人类栖息地的突出特征,但目前的研究并没有将更新世早期的人类置于任何单一的环境类型中,而是置于从开阔草原到森林的各种环境中。我们的分析还表明,人类首次从非洲传播是伴随着生态位的扩张。
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引用次数: 0
The use of chimpanzee-modified faunal assemblages to investigate early hominin carnivory 利用黑猩猩改良的动物群落来研究早期人类的肉食性。
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22006
Alex Bertacchi, David P. Watts

Chimpanzees regularly hunt and consume prey smaller than themselves. It seems therefore likely that early hominins also consumed small vertebrate meat before they started using and producing stone tools. Research has focused on cut marks and large ungulates, but there is a small body of work that has investigated the range of bone modifications produced on small prey by chimpanzee mastication that, by analogy, can be used to identify carnivory in pre-stone tool hominins. Here, we review these works along with behavioral observations and other neo-taphonomic research. Despite some equifinality with bone modifications produced by baboons and the fact that prey species used in experiments seldom are similar to the natural prey of chimpanzees, we suggest that traces of chimpanzee mastication are sufficiently distinct from those of other predators that they can be used to investigate mastication of vertebrate prey by early hominins.

黑猩猩经常捕食比自己小的猎物。因此,早期人类在开始使用和生产石器之前,似乎也食用了小型脊椎动物的肉。研究的重点是切割痕迹和大型有蹄类动物,但也有一小部分研究了黑猩猩咀嚼对小型猎物产生的骨骼修饰范围,通过类比,可以用来识别石器时代前人类的食肉动物。在这里,我们回顾了这些工作以及行为观察和其他新人类学研究。尽管狒狒产生的骨骼修饰具有一定的一致性,而且实验中使用的猎物很少与黑猩猩的天然猎物相似,但我们认为黑猩猩咀嚼的痕迹与其他捕食者的痕迹有足够的区别,可以用来研究早期人类对脊椎动物猎物的咀嚼。
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引用次数: 0
The wrong ape for early human origins: A skewed view of paleoanthropology and evolutionary theory M., Kay Martin The wrong ape for early human origins: The chimpanzee as a skewed ancestral model, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. ISBN: 9781666923872. 早期人类起源的错误猿类:早期人类起源的错误猿类:古人类学和进化论的歪曲观点》,M. Kay Martin,《早期人类起源的错误猿类:古人类学和进化论的歪曲观点》,Lanham, MD: Lexington Books:M. Kay Martin The wrong ape for early human origins: The chimpanzee as a skewed ancestral model, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.ISBN: 9781666923872.
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22007
Scott A. Williams
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引用次数: 0
Specimens as individuals: Four interventions and recommendations for great ape skeletal collections research and curation 个体标本:类人猿骨骼收藏研究和策展的四项干预措施和建议。
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22002
Alexandra E. Kralick, Stephanie L. Canington, Andrea R. Eller, Kate McGrath

Extensive discourse surrounds the ethics of human skeletal research and curation, but there has yet to be a similar discussion of the treatment of great ape skeletal remains, despite the clear interest in their ethical treatment when alive. Here we trace the history of apes who were killed and collected for natural history museums during the early 20th century and showcase how the guiding research questions of the colonial era continue to influence scholarship. We discuss best practices for improving industry and academic standards of research on, and the curation of, ape remains. The suggested interventions involve restoring individual identity and narrative to great apes while engaging with contextual reflexivity and decolonial theory. The resulting recommendations include contextualizing the individual, piecing individuals back together, challenging/questioning the captive-wild dichotomy, and collaborative international conversations. Our objective is to encourage a conversation regarding ethical and theoretical considerations in great ape skeletal remains research.

围绕着人类骨骼研究和管理的伦理问题展开了广泛的讨论,但对于类人猿骨骼遗骸的处理问题,还没有类似的讨论,尽管人们对其在世时的伦理处理显然感兴趣。在这里,我们追溯了20世纪初被杀害并被自然历史博物馆收藏的类人猿的历史,并展示了殖民时代的指导性研究问题如何继续影响学术。我们讨论了提高猿类遗骸研究和管理的行业和学术标准的最佳实践。建议的干预措施包括恢复类人猿的个人身份和叙事,同时运用语境反射性和非殖民化理论。由此产生的建议包括将个人置于情境中,将个人重新拼凑在一起,挑战/质疑被束缚的狂野二分法,以及国际合作对话。我们的目标是鼓励就类人猿骨骼遗骸研究中的伦理和理论考虑进行对话。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting geophagy: An evolved sickness behavior to microbiome-mediated gastrointestinal inflammation 重新审视地吞噬:微生物介导的胃肠道炎症的进化疾病行为
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22004
Achsah F. Dorsey, Elizabeth M. Miller

Geophagy, the consumption of clay or similar substances, is known as an evolved behavior that protects vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and children, against gastrointestinal injury. However, perplexing questions remain, like the presence of geophagy in the absence of overt gastrointestinal infection and the potential causal relationship between geophagy and iron deficiency anemia. In this review, we hypothesize that geophagy is an inflammation-mediated sickness behavior regulated via the vagus nerve. We further hypothesize that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in mediating the relationship between inflammation and geophagy. By including inflammation and the microbiome within the existing protection hypothesis, we can explain how subclinical gastrointestinal states induce geophagy. Furthermore, we can explain how gastrointestinal inflammation is responsible for both geophagy and iron-deficiency anemia, explaining why the two phenomena frequently co-occur. Ultimately, defining geophagy as a sickness behavior allows us to integrate the gut-brain axis into geophagy research.

众所周知,食土(食用粘土或类似物质)是一种进化行为,可保护孕妇和儿童等弱势群体免受肠胃伤害。然而,令人困惑的问题依然存在,比如在没有明显胃肠道感染的情况下是否存在嗜土行为,以及嗜土行为与缺铁性贫血之间的潜在因果关系。在这篇综述中,我们假设地吞噬是一种通过迷走神经调节的炎症介导的疾病行为。我们进一步假设,肠道微生物组在介导炎症和地贫之间的关系中起着关键作用。通过将炎症和微生物组纳入现有的保护假说,我们可以解释亚临床胃肠道状态如何诱发地吞噬。此外,我们还能解释胃肠道炎症是如何同时导致地吞噬和缺铁性贫血的,从而解释为什么这两种现象经常同时出现。最终,将地噬性定义为一种疾病行为,使我们能够将肠道-大脑轴与地噬性研究结合起来。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Evolutionary Anthropology
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