X W Wang, P J Han, F Y Bai, A Luo, K Bensch, M Meijer, Kraak B, D Y Han, B D Sun, P W Crous, J Houbraken
{"title":"Chaetomiaceae的分类、系统发育和鉴定，重点是嗜热物种。","authors":"X W Wang, P J Han, F Y Bai, A Luo, K Bensch, M Meijer, Kraak B, D Y Han, B D Sun, P W Crous, J Houbraken","doi":"10.3114/sim.2022.101.03","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Chaetomiaceae</i> comprises phenotypically diverse species, which impact biotechnology, the indoor environment and human health. Recent studies showed that most of the traditionally defined genera in <i>Chaetomiaceae</i> are highly polyphyletic. Many of these morphology-based genera, such as <i>Chaetomium</i>, <i>Thielavia</i> and <i>Humicola</i>, have been redefined using multigene phylogenetic analysis combined with morphology; however, a comprehensive taxonomic overview of the family is lacking. In addition, the phylogenetic relationship of thermophilic <i>Chaetomiaceae</i> species with non-thermophilic taxa in the family is largely unclear due to limited taxon sampling in previous studies. In this study, we provide an up-to-date overview on the taxonomy and phylogeny of genera and species belonging to <i>Chaetomiaceae</i>, including an extensive taxon sampling of thermophiles. A multigene phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS (internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 including the 5.8S nrDNA), LSU (D1/D2 domains of the 28S nrDNA), <i>rpb2</i> (partial RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene) and <i>tub2</i> (β-tubulin gene) sequences was performed on 345 strains representing <i>Chaetomiaceae</i> and 58 strains of other families in <i>Sordariales</i>. Divergence times based on the multi-gene phylogeny were estimated as aid to determine the genera in the family. Genera were delimited following the criteria that a genus must be a statistically well-supported monophyletic clade in both the multigene phylogeny and molecular dating analysis, fall within a divergence time of over 27 million years ago, and be supported by ecological preference or phenotypic traits. Based on the results of the phylogeny and molecular dating analyses, combined with morphological characters and temperature-growth characteristics, 50 genera and 275 species are accepted in <i>Chaetomiaceae</i>. Among them, six new genera, six new species, 45 new combinations and three new names are proposed. The results demonstrate that the thermophilic species fall into seven genera (<i>Melanocarpus</i>, <i>Mycothermus</i>, <i>Remersonia</i>, <i>Thermocarpiscus</i> <i>gen. nov</i>., <i>Thermochaetoides</i> <i>gen. nov</i>., <i>Thermothelomyces</i> and <i>Thermothielavioides</i>). These genera cluster in six separate lineages, suggesting that thermophiles independently evolved at least six times within the family. A list of accepted genera and species in <i>Chaetomiaceae</i>, together with information on their MycoBank numbers, living ex-type strains and GenBank accession numbers to ITS, LSU, <i>rpb2</i> and <i>tub2</i> sequences is provided. Furthermore, we provide suggestions how to describe and identify <i>Chaetomiaceae</i> species. <b>Taxonomic novelties:</b> <b>new genera:</b> <i>Parvomelanocarpus</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken<i>, Pseudohumicola</i> X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, <i>Tengochaeta</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermocarpiscus</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermochaetoides</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Xanthiomyces</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken; <b>New species:</b> <i>Botryotrichum geniculatum</i> X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, <i>Chaetomium subaffine</i> Sergejeva ex X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Humicola hirsuta</i> X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, <i>Subramaniula latifusispora</i> X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, <i>Tengochaeta nigropilosa</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Trichocladium tomentosum</i> X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai; <b>New combinations:</b> <i>Achaetomiella</i> <i>gracilis</i> (Udagawa) Houbraken, X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai<i>, Allocanariomyces americanus</i> (Cañete-Gibas <i>et al.</i>) Cañete-Gibas, Wiederhold, X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Amesia dreyfussii</i> (Arx) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Amesia raii</i> (G. Malhotra & Mukerji) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arcopilus macrostiolatus</i> (Stchigel <i>et al.</i>) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arcopilus megasporus</i> (Sörgel ex Seth) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arcopilus purpurascens</i> (Udagawa & Y. Sugiy.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arxotrichum deceptivum</i> (Malloch & Benny) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arxotrichum gangligerum</i> (L.M. Ames) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arxotrichum officinarum</i> (M. Raza & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arxotrichum piluliferoides</i> (Udagawa & Y. Horie) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arxotrichum repens</i> (Guarro & Figueras) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arxotrichum sinense</i> (K.T. Chen) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Botryotrichum inquinatum</i> (Udagawa & S. Ueda) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Botryotrichum retardatum</i> (A. Carter & R.S. Khan) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Botryotrichum trichorobustum</i> (Seth) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Botryotrichum vitellinum</i> (A. Carter) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Collariella anguipilia</i> (L.M. Ames) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Collariella hexagonospora</i> (A. Carter & Malloch) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Collariella pachypodioides</i> (L.M. Ames) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Ovatospora amygdalispora</i> (Udagawa & T. Muroi) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Ovatospora angularis</i> (Yu Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium biporatum</i> (Cano & Guarro) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium hispanicum</i> (Guarro & Arx) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium inaequale</i> (Pidopl. <i>et al.</i>) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium longiciliatum</i> (Yu Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium mareoticum</i> (Besada & Yusef) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium muelleri</i> (Arx) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken<i>, Parachaetomium multispirale</i> (A. Carter <i>et al</i>.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium perlucidum</i> (Sergejeva) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium subspirilliferum</i> (Sergejeva) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parathielavia coactilis</i> (Nicot) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parvomelanocarpus tardus</i> (X.Wei Wang & Samson) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parvomelanocarpus thermophilus</i> (Abdullah & Al-Bader) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Pseudohumicola atrobrunnea</i> (X.Wei Wang <i>et al</i>.) X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, <i>Pseudohumicola pulvericola</i> (X.Wei Wang <i>et al.</i>) X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, <i>Pseudohumicola semispiralis</i> (Udagawa & Cain) X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, <i>Pseudohumicola subspiralis</i> (Chivers) X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, <i>Staphylotrichum koreanum</i> (Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Staphylotrichum limonisporum</i> (Z.F. Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Subramaniula lateralis</i> (Yu Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermocarpiscus australiensis</i> (Tansey & M.A. Jack) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermochaetoides dissita</i> (Cooney & R. Emers.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermochaetoides thermophila</i> (La Touche) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken<i>, Xanthiomyces spinosus</i> (Chivers) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken; <b>New names:</b> <i>Chaetomium neoglobosporum</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermothelomyces fergusii</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermothelomyces myriococcoides</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken; <b>Lecto- and / or epi-typifications (basionyms)</b>: <i>Botryoderma rostratum</i> Papendorf & H.P. Upadhyay, <i>Botryotrichum piluliferum</i> Sacc. & Marchal, <i>Chaetomium carinthiacum</i> Sörgel, <i>Thielavia heterothallica</i> Klopotek. <b>Citation:</b> Wang XW, Han PJ, Bai FY, Luo A, Bensch K, Meijer M, Kraak B, Han DY, Sun BD, Crous PW, Houbraken J (2022). Taxonomy, phylogeny and identification of <i>Chaetomiaceae</i> with emphasis on thermophilic species. <i>Studies in Mycology</i> <b>101</b>: 121-243. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.101.03.</p>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"101 ","pages":"121-243"},"PeriodicalIF":14.1000,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9365047/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Taxonomy, phylogeny and identification of <i>Chaetomiaceae</i> with emphasis on thermophilic species.\",\"authors\":\"X W Wang, P J Han, F Y Bai, A Luo, K Bensch, M Meijer, Kraak B, D Y Han, B D Sun, P W Crous, J Houbraken\",\"doi\":\"10.3114/sim.2022.101.03\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p><i>Chaetomiaceae</i> comprises phenotypically diverse species, which impact biotechnology, the indoor environment and human health. Recent studies showed that most of the traditionally defined genera in <i>Chaetomiaceae</i> are highly polyphyletic. Many of these morphology-based genera, such as <i>Chaetomium</i>, <i>Thielavia</i> and <i>Humicola</i>, have been redefined using multigene phylogenetic analysis combined with morphology; however, a comprehensive taxonomic overview of the family is lacking. In addition, the phylogenetic relationship of thermophilic <i>Chaetomiaceae</i> species with non-thermophilic taxa in the family is largely unclear due to limited taxon sampling in previous studies. In this study, we provide an up-to-date overview on the taxonomy and phylogeny of genera and species belonging to <i>Chaetomiaceae</i>, including an extensive taxon sampling of thermophiles. A multigene phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS (internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 including the 5.8S nrDNA), LSU (D1/D2 domains of the 28S nrDNA), <i>rpb2</i> (partial RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene) and <i>tub2</i> (β-tubulin gene) sequences was performed on 345 strains representing <i>Chaetomiaceae</i> and 58 strains of other families in <i>Sordariales</i>. Divergence times based on the multi-gene phylogeny were estimated as aid to determine the genera in the family. Genera were delimited following the criteria that a genus must be a statistically well-supported monophyletic clade in both the multigene phylogeny and molecular dating analysis, fall within a divergence time of over 27 million years ago, and be supported by ecological preference or phenotypic traits. Based on the results of the phylogeny and molecular dating analyses, combined with morphological characters and temperature-growth characteristics, 50 genera and 275 species are accepted in <i>Chaetomiaceae</i>. Among them, six new genera, six new species, 45 new combinations and three new names are proposed. The results demonstrate that the thermophilic species fall into seven genera (<i>Melanocarpus</i>, <i>Mycothermus</i>, <i>Remersonia</i>, <i>Thermocarpiscus</i> <i>gen. nov</i>., <i>Thermochaetoides</i> <i>gen. nov</i>., <i>Thermothelomyces</i> and <i>Thermothielavioides</i>). These genera cluster in six separate lineages, suggesting that thermophiles independently evolved at least six times within the family. A list of accepted genera and species in <i>Chaetomiaceae</i>, together with information on their MycoBank numbers, living ex-type strains and GenBank accession numbers to ITS, LSU, <i>rpb2</i> and <i>tub2</i> sequences is provided. Furthermore, we provide suggestions how to describe and identify <i>Chaetomiaceae</i> species. <b>Taxonomic novelties:</b> <b>new genera:</b> <i>Parvomelanocarpus</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken<i>, Pseudohumicola</i> X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, <i>Tengochaeta</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermocarpiscus</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermochaetoides</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Xanthiomyces</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken; <b>New species:</b> <i>Botryotrichum geniculatum</i> X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, <i>Chaetomium subaffine</i> Sergejeva ex X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Humicola hirsuta</i> X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, <i>Subramaniula latifusispora</i> X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, <i>Tengochaeta nigropilosa</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Trichocladium tomentosum</i> X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai; <b>New combinations:</b> <i>Achaetomiella</i> <i>gracilis</i> (Udagawa) Houbraken, X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai<i>, Allocanariomyces americanus</i> (Cañete-Gibas <i>et al.</i>) Cañete-Gibas, Wiederhold, X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Amesia dreyfussii</i> (Arx) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Amesia raii</i> (G. Malhotra & Mukerji) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arcopilus macrostiolatus</i> (Stchigel <i>et al.</i>) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arcopilus megasporus</i> (Sörgel ex Seth) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arcopilus purpurascens</i> (Udagawa & Y. Sugiy.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arxotrichum deceptivum</i> (Malloch & Benny) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arxotrichum gangligerum</i> (L.M. Ames) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arxotrichum officinarum</i> (M. Raza & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arxotrichum piluliferoides</i> (Udagawa & Y. Horie) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arxotrichum repens</i> (Guarro & Figueras) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Arxotrichum sinense</i> (K.T. Chen) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Botryotrichum inquinatum</i> (Udagawa & S. Ueda) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Botryotrichum retardatum</i> (A. Carter & R.S. Khan) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Botryotrichum trichorobustum</i> (Seth) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Botryotrichum vitellinum</i> (A. Carter) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Collariella anguipilia</i> (L.M. Ames) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Collariella hexagonospora</i> (A. Carter & Malloch) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Collariella pachypodioides</i> (L.M. Ames) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Ovatospora amygdalispora</i> (Udagawa & T. Muroi) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Ovatospora angularis</i> (Yu Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium biporatum</i> (Cano & Guarro) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium hispanicum</i> (Guarro & Arx) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium inaequale</i> (Pidopl. <i>et al.</i>) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium longiciliatum</i> (Yu Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium mareoticum</i> (Besada & Yusef) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium muelleri</i> (Arx) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken<i>, Parachaetomium multispirale</i> (A. Carter <i>et al</i>.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium perlucidum</i> (Sergejeva) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parachaetomium subspirilliferum</i> (Sergejeva) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parathielavia coactilis</i> (Nicot) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parvomelanocarpus tardus</i> (X.Wei Wang & Samson) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Parvomelanocarpus thermophilus</i> (Abdullah & Al-Bader) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Pseudohumicola atrobrunnea</i> (X.Wei Wang <i>et al</i>.) X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, <i>Pseudohumicola pulvericola</i> (X.Wei Wang <i>et al.</i>) X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, <i>Pseudohumicola semispiralis</i> (Udagawa & Cain) X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, <i>Pseudohumicola subspiralis</i> (Chivers) X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, <i>Staphylotrichum koreanum</i> (Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Staphylotrichum limonisporum</i> (Z.F. Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Subramaniula lateralis</i> (Yu Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermocarpiscus australiensis</i> (Tansey & M.A. Jack) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermochaetoides dissita</i> (Cooney & R. Emers.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermochaetoides thermophila</i> (La Touche) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken<i>, Xanthiomyces spinosus</i> (Chivers) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken; <b>New names:</b> <i>Chaetomium neoglobosporum</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermothelomyces fergusii</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, <i>Thermothelomyces myriococcoides</i> X.Wei Wang & Houbraken; <b>Lecto- and / or epi-typifications (basionyms)</b>: <i>Botryoderma rostratum</i> Papendorf & H.P. Upadhyay, <i>Botryotrichum piluliferum</i> Sacc. & Marchal, <i>Chaetomium carinthiacum</i> Sörgel, <i>Thielavia heterothallica</i> Klopotek. <b>Citation:</b> Wang XW, Han PJ, Bai FY, Luo A, Bensch K, Meijer M, Kraak B, Han DY, Sun BD, Crous PW, Houbraken J (2022). Taxonomy, phylogeny and identification of <i>Chaetomiaceae</i> with emphasis on thermophilic species. <i>Studies in Mycology</i> <b>101</b>: 121-243. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.101.03.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":22036,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Studies in Mycology\",\"volume\":\"101 \",\"pages\":\"121-243\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":14.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-07-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9365047/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Studies in Mycology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2022.101.03\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2022/4/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MYCOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Studies in Mycology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2022.101.03","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/4/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MYCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
链格孢属（Chaetomiaceae）由表型多样的物种组成，对生物技术、室内环境和人类健康都有影响。最近的研究表明，Chaetomiaceae 中大多数传统定义的属都是高度多态的。其中许多基于形态学的属，如Chaetomium、Thielavia和Humicola，已通过多基因系统发育分析结合形态学进行了重新定义；然而，目前还缺乏对该科分类学的全面概述。此外，由于以往研究中的分类群取样有限，该科中嗜热茶菌属（Chaetomiaceae）物种与非嗜热类群的系统发育关系在很大程度上并不清楚。在本研究中，我们提供了蝶形花科属和种的分类学和系统发育的最新概况，包括嗜热类群的广泛类群取样。基于ITS（内部转录间隔序列1和2，包括5.8S nrDNA）、LSU（28S nrDNA的D1/D2结构域）、rpb2（部分RNA聚合酶II第二大亚基基因）和tub2（β-tubulin基因）序列，对345株Chaetomiaceae菌株和58株Sordariales其他科的菌株进行了多基因系统发育分析。根据多基因系统发育估算了分化时间，以帮助确定该科的属。划分属的标准是：属必须是在多基因系统发育和分子测年分析中都得到充分统计支持的单系支系，属于距今 2700 多万年的分化时间范围内，并得到生态偏好或表型特征的支持。根据系统进化和分子测年分析的结果，结合形态特征和温度生长特征，Chaetomiaceae 中有 50 属 275 种被接受。其中，提出了 6 个新属、6 个新种、45 个新组合和 3 个新名称。研究结果表明，嗜热物种可分为 7 个属（Melanocarpus 属、Mycothermus 属、Remersonia 属、Thermocarpiscus 新属、Thermochaetoides 新属、Thermothelomyces 属和 Thermothielavioides 属）。这些属聚集在六个独立的世系中，表明嗜热菌在该家族中至少独立进化了六次。我们提供了一份已被接受的链格孢属（Chaetomiaceae）的属和种的清单，以及它们的 MycoBank 编号、活的外型菌株和 ITS、LSU、rpb2 和 tub2 序列的 GenBank 登录号等信息。此外，我们还就如何描述和鉴定链格孢属（Chaetomiaceae）物种提出了建议。分类学新发现：新属：Parvomelanocarpus X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Pseudohumicola X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, Tengochaeta X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Thermocarpiscus X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Thermochaetoides X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Xanthiomyces X.Wei Wang & Houbraken；新种：Botryotrichum geniculatum X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, Chaetomium subaffine Sergejeva ex X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Humicola hirsuta X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, Subramaniula latif.X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Subramaniula latifusispora X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, Tengochaeta nigropilosa X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Trichocladium tomentosum X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai; New combinations：Achaetomiella gracilis (Udagawa) Houbraken, X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, Allocanariomyces americanus (Cañete-Gibas et al.) Cañete-Gibas, Wiederhold, X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Amesia dreyfussii (Arx) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Amesia raii (G. Malhotra & Mukerken)X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arcopilus macrostiolatus (Stchigel et al.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arcopilus megasporus (Sörgel ex Seth) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arcopilus purpurascens (Udagawa & Y. Sugiy.)X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arxotrichum deceptivum (Malloch & Benny) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arxotrichum gangligerum (L.M. Ames) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arxotrichum officinarum (M. Raza & L. Cai) X.X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arxotrichum piluliferoides (Udagawa & Y. Horie) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arxotrichum repens (Guarro & Figueras) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arxotrichum sinense (K.T. Chen) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Botryotrichum inquinatum (Udagawa & S. Ueda) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Botryotrichum inquinatum (Udagawa & S. Ueda)X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Botryotrichum retardatum (A. Carter & R.S. Khan) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Botryotrichum trichorobustum (Seth) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Botryotrichum vitellinum (A. Carter) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Collariella anguipilia (L. M. Ames.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Botryotrichum vitellinum (A. Carter) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Collariella anguipilia (L. M. Ames.M. Ames） X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Collariella hexagonospora (A. Carter & Malloch) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Collariella pachypodioides (L.M. Ames) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Ovatospora amygdalispora (Udagawa & T. Muroi) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken.X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Ovatospora angularis (Yu Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parachaetomium biporatum (Cano & Guarro) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parachaetomium hispanicum (Guarro & Arx) X.X.Wei Wang & Houbraken，Parachaetomium inaequale (Pidopl. et al.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken，Parachaetomium longiciliatum (Yu Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken，Parachaetomium mareoticum (Besada & Yusef) X.
Taxonomy, phylogeny and identification of Chaetomiaceae with emphasis on thermophilic species.
Chaetomiaceae comprises phenotypically diverse species, which impact biotechnology, the indoor environment and human health. Recent studies showed that most of the traditionally defined genera in Chaetomiaceae are highly polyphyletic. Many of these morphology-based genera, such as Chaetomium, Thielavia and Humicola, have been redefined using multigene phylogenetic analysis combined with morphology; however, a comprehensive taxonomic overview of the family is lacking. In addition, the phylogenetic relationship of thermophilic Chaetomiaceae species with non-thermophilic taxa in the family is largely unclear due to limited taxon sampling in previous studies. In this study, we provide an up-to-date overview on the taxonomy and phylogeny of genera and species belonging to Chaetomiaceae, including an extensive taxon sampling of thermophiles. A multigene phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS (internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 including the 5.8S nrDNA), LSU (D1/D2 domains of the 28S nrDNA), rpb2 (partial RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene) and tub2 (β-tubulin gene) sequences was performed on 345 strains representing Chaetomiaceae and 58 strains of other families in Sordariales. Divergence times based on the multi-gene phylogeny were estimated as aid to determine the genera in the family. Genera were delimited following the criteria that a genus must be a statistically well-supported monophyletic clade in both the multigene phylogeny and molecular dating analysis, fall within a divergence time of over 27 million years ago, and be supported by ecological preference or phenotypic traits. Based on the results of the phylogeny and molecular dating analyses, combined with morphological characters and temperature-growth characteristics, 50 genera and 275 species are accepted in Chaetomiaceae. Among them, six new genera, six new species, 45 new combinations and three new names are proposed. The results demonstrate that the thermophilic species fall into seven genera (Melanocarpus, Mycothermus, Remersonia, Thermocarpiscusgen. nov., Thermochaetoidesgen. nov., Thermothelomyces and Thermothielavioides). These genera cluster in six separate lineages, suggesting that thermophiles independently evolved at least six times within the family. A list of accepted genera and species in Chaetomiaceae, together with information on their MycoBank numbers, living ex-type strains and GenBank accession numbers to ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 sequences is provided. Furthermore, we provide suggestions how to describe and identify Chaetomiaceae species. Taxonomic novelties:new genera:Parvomelanocarpus X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Pseudohumicola X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, Tengochaeta X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Thermocarpiscus X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Thermochaetoides X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Xanthiomyces X.Wei Wang & Houbraken; New species:Botryotrichum geniculatum X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, Chaetomium subaffine Sergejeva ex X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Humicola hirsuta X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, Subramaniula latifusispora X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, Tengochaeta nigropilosa X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Trichocladium tomentosum X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai; New combinations:Achaetomiellagracilis (Udagawa) Houbraken, X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han & F.Y. Bai, Allocanariomyces americanus (Cañete-Gibas et al.) Cañete-Gibas, Wiederhold, X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Amesia dreyfussii (Arx) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Amesia raii (G. Malhotra & Mukerji) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arcopilus macrostiolatus (Stchigel et al.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arcopilus megasporus (Sörgel ex Seth) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arcopilus purpurascens (Udagawa & Y. Sugiy.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arxotrichum deceptivum (Malloch & Benny) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arxotrichum gangligerum (L.M. Ames) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arxotrichum officinarum (M. Raza & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arxotrichum piluliferoides (Udagawa & Y. Horie) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arxotrichum repens (Guarro & Figueras) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Arxotrichum sinense (K.T. Chen) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Botryotrichum inquinatum (Udagawa & S. Ueda) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Botryotrichum retardatum (A. Carter & R.S. Khan) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Botryotrichum trichorobustum (Seth) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Botryotrichum vitellinum (A. Carter) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Collariella anguipilia (L.M. Ames) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Collariella hexagonospora (A. Carter & Malloch) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Collariella pachypodioides (L.M. Ames) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Ovatospora amygdalispora (Udagawa & T. Muroi) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Ovatospora angularis (Yu Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parachaetomium biporatum (Cano & Guarro) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parachaetomium hispanicum (Guarro & Arx) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parachaetomium inaequale (Pidopl. et al.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parachaetomium longiciliatum (Yu Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parachaetomium mareoticum (Besada & Yusef) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parachaetomium muelleri (Arx) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parachaetomium multispirale (A. Carter et al.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parachaetomium perlucidum (Sergejeva) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parachaetomium subspirilliferum (Sergejeva) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parathielavia coactilis (Nicot) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parvomelanocarpus tardus (X.Wei Wang & Samson) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Parvomelanocarpus thermophilus (Abdullah & Al-Bader) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Pseudohumicola atrobrunnea (X.Wei Wang et al.) X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, Pseudohumicola pulvericola (X.Wei Wang et al.) X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, Pseudohumicola semispiralis (Udagawa & Cain) X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, Pseudohumicola subspiralis (Chivers) X.Wei Wang, P.J. Han, F.Y. Bai & Houbraken, Staphylotrichum koreanum (Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Staphylotrichum limonisporum (Z.F. Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Subramaniula lateralis (Yu Zhang & L. Cai) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Thermocarpiscus australiensis (Tansey & M.A. Jack) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Thermochaetoides dissita (Cooney & R. Emers.) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Thermochaetoides thermophila (La Touche) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Xanthiomyces spinosus (Chivers) X.Wei Wang & Houbraken; New names:Chaetomium neoglobosporum X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Thermothelomyces fergusii X.Wei Wang & Houbraken, Thermothelomyces myriococcoides X.Wei Wang & Houbraken; Lecto- and / or epi-typifications (basionyms): Botryoderma rostratum Papendorf & H.P. Upadhyay, Botryotrichum piluliferum Sacc. & Marchal, Chaetomium carinthiacum Sörgel, Thielavia heterothallica Klopotek. Citation: Wang XW, Han PJ, Bai FY, Luo A, Bensch K, Meijer M, Kraak B, Han DY, Sun BD, Crous PW, Houbraken J (2022). Taxonomy, phylogeny and identification of Chaetomiaceae with emphasis on thermophilic species. Studies in Mycology101: 121-243. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.101.03.
期刊介绍：
The international journal Studies in Mycology focuses on advancing the understanding of filamentous fungi, yeasts, and various aspects of mycology. It publishes comprehensive systematic monographs as well as topical issues covering a wide range of subjects including biotechnology, ecology, molecular biology, pathology, and systematics. This Open-Access journal offers unrestricted access to its content.
Each issue of Studies in Mycology consists of around 5 to 6 papers, either in the form of monographs or special focused topics. Unlike traditional length restrictions, the journal encourages submissions of manuscripts with a minimum of 50 A4 pages in print. This ensures a thorough exploration and presentation of the research findings, maximizing the depth of the published work.
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