Jorge Domínguez-Andrés, Jéssica Cristina Dos Santos, Siroon Bekkering, Willem J M Mulder, Jos W M van der Meer, Niels P Riksen, Leo A B Joosten, Mihai G Netea
{"title":"训练免疫:先天免疫机制内的适应。","authors":"Jorge Domínguez-Andrés, Jéssica Cristina Dos Santos, Siroon Bekkering, Willem J M Mulder, Jos W M van der Meer, Niels P Riksen, Leo A B Joosten, Mihai G Netea","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00031.2021","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanisms underlying innate immune memory have been extensively explored in the last decades but are in fact largely unknown. Although the specificity of adaptive immune memory in vertebrates is ensured through the recombination of immunoglobulin family genes and clonal expansion, the basic mechanisms of innate immune cells' nonspecific increased responsiveness rely on epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolic programs after transient stimulation. Changes in these programs result in enhanced responsiveness to secondary challenges with a wide variety of stimuli. This phenomenon is termed \"trained immunity\" or \"innate immune memory.\" On one hand, trained immunity improves the response to infections and vaccination, facilitating stronger innate immune responses and enhanced protection against a variety of microbial stimuli. Conversely, trained immunity may contribute to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular, autoinflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we gather the current body of knowledge in this field and summarize the foundations and mechanisms of trained immunity, the different cell types involved, its consequences for health and disease, and the potential of its modulation as a therapeutic tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.9000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"17","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Trained immunity: adaptation within innate immune mechanisms.\",\"authors\":\"Jorge Domínguez-Andrés, Jéssica Cristina Dos Santos, Siroon Bekkering, Willem J M Mulder, Jos W M van der Meer, Niels P Riksen, Leo A B Joosten, Mihai G Netea\",\"doi\":\"10.1152/physrev.00031.2021\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The mechanisms underlying innate immune memory have been extensively explored in the last decades but are in fact largely unknown. Although the specificity of adaptive immune memory in vertebrates is ensured through the recombination of immunoglobulin family genes and clonal expansion, the basic mechanisms of innate immune cells' nonspecific increased responsiveness rely on epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolic programs after transient stimulation. Changes in these programs result in enhanced responsiveness to secondary challenges with a wide variety of stimuli. This phenomenon is termed \\\"trained immunity\\\" or \\\"innate immune memory.\\\" On one hand, trained immunity improves the response to infections and vaccination, facilitating stronger innate immune responses and enhanced protection against a variety of microbial stimuli. Conversely, trained immunity may contribute to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular, autoinflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we gather the current body of knowledge in this field and summarize the foundations and mechanisms of trained immunity, the different cell types involved, its consequences for health and disease, and the potential of its modulation as a therapeutic tool.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20193,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Physiological reviews\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":29.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"17\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Physiological reviews\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00031.2021\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2022/8/18 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PHYSIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physiological reviews","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00031.2021","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/8/18 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Trained immunity: adaptation within innate immune mechanisms.
The mechanisms underlying innate immune memory have been extensively explored in the last decades but are in fact largely unknown. Although the specificity of adaptive immune memory in vertebrates is ensured through the recombination of immunoglobulin family genes and clonal expansion, the basic mechanisms of innate immune cells' nonspecific increased responsiveness rely on epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolic programs after transient stimulation. Changes in these programs result in enhanced responsiveness to secondary challenges with a wide variety of stimuli. This phenomenon is termed "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory." On one hand, trained immunity improves the response to infections and vaccination, facilitating stronger innate immune responses and enhanced protection against a variety of microbial stimuli. Conversely, trained immunity may contribute to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular, autoinflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we gather the current body of knowledge in this field and summarize the foundations and mechanisms of trained immunity, the different cell types involved, its consequences for health and disease, and the potential of its modulation as a therapeutic tool.
期刊介绍:
Physiological Reviews is a highly regarded journal that covers timely issues in physiological and biomedical sciences. It is targeted towards physiologists, neuroscientists, cell biologists, biophysicists, and clinicians with a special interest in pathophysiology. The journal has an ISSN of 0031-9333 for print and 1522-1210 for online versions. It has a unique publishing frequency where articles are published individually, but regular quarterly issues are also released in January, April, July, and October. The articles in this journal provide state-of-the-art and comprehensive coverage of various topics. They are valuable for teaching and research purposes as they offer interesting and clearly written updates on important new developments. Physiological Reviews holds a prominent position in the scientific community and consistently ranks as the most impactful journal in the field of physiology.