柏拉图论化学

IF 1.8 3区 化学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI:10.1007/s10698-022-09426-x
Ernesto Paparazzo
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引用次数: 1

摘要

人们普遍认为,雅典哲学家柏拉图(公元前429-347年)在他的著作中提出了关于宇宙的创造、结构和现象的早期化学理论。这种承认有很多道理,因为柏拉图的“化学”用数学术语描述了物质世界,这种方法标志着他的前辈提出的宇宙学学说的一个显著进步,并对西方文化产生了许多世纪的影响。在本文中,我将讨论柏拉图的四种类型(火、气、水和土)之间的相互转换,以及它们在文献中得到的解释。我发现科学家和学者通常强调(并且经常误解)这些“反应”的数学方面而不是哲学方面。我认为柏拉图的“化学”实际上与他的哲学体系的关键主题有关,如形式、变易、因果关系和目的论。我认为,对这些学说的思考不仅有助于理解他的“化学”反应的意义,而且有助于理解为什么它们的化学计量学是通过表面平衡进行的,并且只局限于产生和消失的类型,而不局限于引起相互转化的类型。
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Plato on chemistry

It is a notion commonly acknowledged that in his work Timaeus the Athenian philosopher Plato (c. 429–347 BC) laid down an early chemical theory of the creation, structure and phenomena of the universe. There is much truth in this acknowledgement because Plato’s “chemistry” gives a description of the material world in mathematical terms, an approach that marks an outstanding advancement over cosmologic doctrines put forward by his predecessors, and which was very influential on western culture for many centuries. In the present article, I discuss inter-transformations among Plato’s four types (fire, air, water, and earth) as well as the interpretation they received in the literature. I find that scientists and scholars generally emphasized (and often misunderstood) mathematical aspects of these “reactions” over the philosophical ones. I argue that Plato’s “chemistry” in fact bears on crucial topics of his philosophical system, such as Forms, Becoming, causation and teleology. I propose that consideration of these doctrines help to understand not only the sense of his “chemical” reactions, but also the reason why their stoichiometry is by surface balance and is restricted only to types that come to be and pass away but not to those that provoke the inter-transformations.

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来源期刊
Foundations of Chemistry
Foundations of Chemistry HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-
自引率
22.20%
发文量
35
期刊介绍: Foundations of Chemistry is an international journal which seeks to provide an interdisciplinary forum where chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, educators and sociologists with an interest in foundational issues can discuss conceptual and fundamental issues which relate to the `central science'' of chemistry. Such issues include the autonomous role of chemistry between physics and biology and the question of the reduction of chemistry to quantum mechanics. The journal will publish peer-reviewed academic articles on a wide range of subdisciplines, among others: chemical models, chemical language, metaphors, and theoretical terms; chemical evolution and artificial self-replication; industrial application, environmental concern, and the social and ethical aspects of chemistry''s professionalism; the nature of modeling and the role of instrumentation in chemistry; institutional studies and the nature of explanation in the chemical sciences; theoretical chemistry, molecular structure and chaos; the issue of realism; molecular biology, bio-inorganic chemistry; historical studies on ancient chemistry, medieval chemistry and alchemy; philosophical and historical articles; and material of a didactic nature relating to all topics in the chemical sciences. Foundations of Chemistry plans to feature special issues devoted to particular themes, and will contain book reviews and discussion notes. Audience: chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, chemical educators, sociologists, and other scientists with an interest in the foundational issues of science.
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