Matthew J Eden, Yasmeen M Farra, Jacqueline Matz, Chiara Bellini, Jessica M Oakes
{"title":"暴露于香烟烟雾或电子烟气溶胶的Apoe-/-小鼠的药理学和生理反应。","authors":"Matthew J Eden, Yasmeen M Farra, Jacqueline Matz, Chiara Bellini, Jessica M Oakes","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2022.2086948","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are popular nicotine delivery devices, yet the health effects remain unclear. To determine equivalent biomarkers, we characterized the immediate response in Apoe<sup>-/-</sup> mice exposed to tank/box-mod e-cig (e-cig<sub>tank</sub>), pod e-cig (e-cig<sub>pod</sub>), or cig smoke.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Reproducible puff profiles were generated for each aerosol and delivered to Apoe<sup>-/-</sup> mice via a nose-only exposure system. Serum cotinine levels were quantified at various time points through ELISA and utilized to model cotinine pharmacokinetics. In addition, particle size measurements and mouse respiratory function were characterized to calculate particle dosimetry.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Cig and e-cig<sub>tank</sub> particles were lognormally distributed with similar count median diameters (cig: 178 ± 2, e-cig<sub>tank</sub>: 200 ± 34nm), while e-cig<sub>pod</sub> particles were bimodally distributed and smaller (116 ± 13 and 13.3 ± 0.4 nm). Minute volumes decreased with cig exposure (5.4 ± 2.7 mL/min) compared to baseline (90.8 ± 11.6 mL/min), and less so with e-cig<sub>tank</sub> (45.2 ± 9.2 mL/min) and e-cig<sub>pod</sub> exposures (58.6 ± 6.8 mL/min), due to periods of apnea in the cig exposed groups. Cotinine was absorbed and eliminated most rapidly in the e-cig<sub>pod</sub> group (<math><msub><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></math> = 14.5; <math><msubsup><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>'</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> = 51.9 min), whereas cotinine was absorbed (cig: 50.4, e-cig<sub>tank</sub>: 40.1 min) and eliminated (cig: 104.6, e-cig<sub>tank</sub>: 94.1 min) similarly in the cig and e-cig<sub>tank</sub> groups. For exposure times which equate the area under the cotinine-concentration curve, ∼6.4× (e-cig<sub>tank</sub>) and 4.6× (e-cig<sub>pod</sub>) more nicotine deposited in e-cig compared to cig exposed mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides a basis for incorporating cotinine pharmacokinetics into preclinical exposure studies, allowing for longitudinal studies of structural and functional changes due to exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Pharmacological and physiological response in Apoe<sup>-/-</sup> mice exposed to cigarette smoke or e-cigarette aerosols.\",\"authors\":\"Matthew J Eden, Yasmeen M Farra, Jacqueline Matz, Chiara Bellini, Jessica M Oakes\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/08958378.2022.2086948\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are popular nicotine delivery devices, yet the health effects remain unclear. To determine equivalent biomarkers, we characterized the immediate response in Apoe<sup>-/-</sup> mice exposed to tank/box-mod e-cig (e-cig<sub>tank</sub>), pod e-cig (e-cig<sub>pod</sub>), or cig smoke.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Reproducible puff profiles were generated for each aerosol and delivered to Apoe<sup>-/-</sup> mice via a nose-only exposure system. Serum cotinine levels were quantified at various time points through ELISA and utilized to model cotinine pharmacokinetics. In addition, particle size measurements and mouse respiratory function were characterized to calculate particle dosimetry.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Cig and e-cig<sub>tank</sub> particles were lognormally distributed with similar count median diameters (cig: 178 ± 2, e-cig<sub>tank</sub>: 200 ± 34nm), while e-cig<sub>pod</sub> particles were bimodally distributed and smaller (116 ± 13 and 13.3 ± 0.4 nm). Minute volumes decreased with cig exposure (5.4 ± 2.7 mL/min) compared to baseline (90.8 ± 11.6 mL/min), and less so with e-cig<sub>tank</sub> (45.2 ± 9.2 mL/min) and e-cig<sub>pod</sub> exposures (58.6 ± 6.8 mL/min), due to periods of apnea in the cig exposed groups. Cotinine was absorbed and eliminated most rapidly in the e-cig<sub>pod</sub> group (<math><msub><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></math> = 14.5; <math><msubsup><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>'</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> = 51.9 min), whereas cotinine was absorbed (cig: 50.4, e-cig<sub>tank</sub>: 40.1 min) and eliminated (cig: 104.6, e-cig<sub>tank</sub>: 94.1 min) similarly in the cig and e-cig<sub>tank</sub> groups. For exposure times which equate the area under the cotinine-concentration curve, ∼6.4× (e-cig<sub>tank</sub>) and 4.6× (e-cig<sub>pod</sub>) more nicotine deposited in e-cig compared to cig exposed mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides a basis for incorporating cotinine pharmacokinetics into preclinical exposure studies, allowing for longitudinal studies of structural and functional changes due to exposure.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13561,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Inhalation Toxicology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"2\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Inhalation Toxicology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2022.2086948\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2022/7/6 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"TOXICOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Inhalation Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2022.2086948","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/7/6 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"TOXICOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Pharmacological and physiological response in Apoe-/- mice exposed to cigarette smoke or e-cigarette aerosols.
Objective: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are popular nicotine delivery devices, yet the health effects remain unclear. To determine equivalent biomarkers, we characterized the immediate response in Apoe-/- mice exposed to tank/box-mod e-cig (e-cigtank), pod e-cig (e-cigpod), or cig smoke.
Materials and methods: Reproducible puff profiles were generated for each aerosol and delivered to Apoe-/- mice via a nose-only exposure system. Serum cotinine levels were quantified at various time points through ELISA and utilized to model cotinine pharmacokinetics. In addition, particle size measurements and mouse respiratory function were characterized to calculate particle dosimetry.
Results and discussion: Cig and e-cigtank particles were lognormally distributed with similar count median diameters (cig: 178 ± 2, e-cigtank: 200 ± 34nm), while e-cigpod particles were bimodally distributed and smaller (116 ± 13 and 13.3 ± 0.4 nm). Minute volumes decreased with cig exposure (5.4 ± 2.7 mL/min) compared to baseline (90.8 ± 11.6 mL/min), and less so with e-cigtank (45.2 ± 9.2 mL/min) and e-cigpod exposures (58.6 ± 6.8 mL/min), due to periods of apnea in the cig exposed groups. Cotinine was absorbed and eliminated most rapidly in the e-cigpod group ( = 14.5; = 51.9 min), whereas cotinine was absorbed (cig: 50.4, e-cigtank: 40.1 min) and eliminated (cig: 104.6, e-cigtank: 94.1 min) similarly in the cig and e-cigtank groups. For exposure times which equate the area under the cotinine-concentration curve, ∼6.4× (e-cigtank) and 4.6× (e-cigpod) more nicotine deposited in e-cig compared to cig exposed mice.
Conclusions: This study provides a basis for incorporating cotinine pharmacokinetics into preclinical exposure studies, allowing for longitudinal studies of structural and functional changes due to exposure.
期刊介绍:
Inhalation Toxicology is a peer-reviewed publication providing a key forum for the latest accomplishments and advancements in concepts, approaches, and procedures presently being used to evaluate the health risk associated with airborne chemicals.
The journal publishes original research, reviews, symposia, and workshop topics involving the respiratory system’s functions in health and disease, the pathogenesis and mechanism of injury, the extrapolation of animal data to humans, the effects of inhaled substances on extra-pulmonary systems, as well as reliable and innovative models for predicting human disease.