To Give or Not to Give Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer? Can CanAssist Breast Assist?

Survival of early-stage hormone receptor (HR)-positive and human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer has signi fi cantly improved over the last three decades. Adjuvant chemotherapy plays an important role in this advance-ment. 1 However, we have also learnt that the bene fi t of chemotherapy is not for all patients. 2 Some patients may be overtreatedwithchemotherapyresultinginavoidabletoxicity. Some may be undertreated resulting in lackofcure. Therefore, a predictive biomarker is of great demand. Such a biomarker will helptheoncologist in deciding treatmentcourse, whether to give or not to give adjuvant chemotherapy. fi eld fi nessed