Koning Shen, Corinne L Pender, Raz Bar-Ziv, Hanlin Zhang, Kevin Wickham, Elizabeth Willey, Jenni Durieux, Qazi Ahmad, Andrew Dillin
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Mitochondria as Cellular and Organismal Signaling Hubs.
Mitochondria are traditionally known as the powerhouse of the cell, but their functions extend far beyond energy production. They are vital in cellular and organismal pathways that direct metabolism, stress responses, immunity, and cellular fate. To accomplish these tasks, mitochondria have established networks of both intra- and extracellular communication. Intracellularly, these communication routes comprise direct contacts between mitochondria and other subcellular components as well as indirect vesicle transport of ions, metabolites, and other intracellular messengers. Extracellularly, mitochondria can induce stress responses or other cellular changes that secrete mitochondrial cytokine (mitokine) factors that can travel between tissues as well as respond to immune challenges from extracellular sources. Here we provide a current perspective on the major routes of communication for mitochondrial signaling, including their mechanisms and physiological impact. We also review the major diseases and age-related disorders associated with defects in these signaling pathways. An understanding of how mitochondrial signaling controls cellular homeostasis will bring greater insight into how dysfunctional mitochondria affect health in disease and aging.
期刊介绍:
The Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, established in 1985, comprehensively addresses major advancements in cell and developmental biology. Encompassing the structure, function, and organization of cells, as well as the development and evolution of cells in relation to both single and multicellular organisms, the journal explores models and tools of molecular biology. As of the current volume, the journal has transitioned from gated to open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, making all articles published under a CC BY license.