Isabel Acosta-Coley, Leonor Cervantes-Ceballos, Lesly Tejeda-Benítez, Lucellys Sierra-Márquez, María Cabarcas-Montalvo, María García-Espiñeira, Wilfrido Coronell-Rodríguez, Bárbara Arroyo-Salgado
{"title":"疫苗平台和COVID-19:你需要知道的","authors":"Isabel Acosta-Coley, Leonor Cervantes-Ceballos, Lesly Tejeda-Benítez, Lucellys Sierra-Márquez, María Cabarcas-Montalvo, María García-Espiñeira, Wilfrido Coronell-Rodríguez, Bárbara Arroyo-Salgado","doi":"10.1186/s40794-022-00176-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The novel SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is the third zoonotic coronavirus since the beginning of the 21 first century, and it has taken more than 6 million human lives because of the lack of immunity causing global economic losses. Consequently, developing a vaccine against the virus represents the fastest way to finish the threat and regain some \"normality.\"</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Here, we provide information about the main features of the most important vaccine platforms, some of them already approved, to clear common doubts fostered by widespread misinformation and to reassure the public of the safety of the vaccination process and the different alternatives presented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Articles published in open access databases until January 2022 were identified using the search terms \"SARS-CoV-2,\" \"COVID-19,\" \"Coronavirus,\" \"COVID-19 Vaccines,\" \"Pandemic,\" COVID-19, and LMICs or their combinations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Traditional first-generation vaccine platforms, such as whole virus vaccines (live attenuated and inactivated virus vaccines), as well as second-generation vaccines, like protein-based vaccines (subunit and viral vector vaccines), and third-generation vaccines, such as nanoparticle and genetic vaccines (mRNA vaccines), are described.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 sequence information obtained in a record time provided the basis for the fast development of a COVID-19 vaccine. The adaptability characteristic of the new generation of vaccines is changing our capability to react to emerging threats to future pandemics. Nevertheless, the slow and unfair distribution of vaccines to low- and middle-income countries and the spread of misinformation are a menace to global health since the unvaccinated will increase the chances for resurgences and the surge of new variants that can escape the current vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9537331/pdf/","citationCount":"19","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Vaccines platforms and COVID-19: what you need to know.\",\"authors\":\"Isabel Acosta-Coley, Leonor Cervantes-Ceballos, Lesly Tejeda-Benítez, Lucellys Sierra-Márquez, María Cabarcas-Montalvo, María García-Espiñeira, Wilfrido Coronell-Rodríguez, Bárbara Arroyo-Salgado\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s40794-022-00176-4\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The novel SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is the third zoonotic coronavirus since the beginning of the 21 first century, and it has taken more than 6 million human lives because of the lack of immunity causing global economic losses. Consequently, developing a vaccine against the virus represents the fastest way to finish the threat and regain some \\\"normality.\\\"</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Here, we provide information about the main features of the most important vaccine platforms, some of them already approved, to clear common doubts fostered by widespread misinformation and to reassure the public of the safety of the vaccination process and the different alternatives presented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Articles published in open access databases until January 2022 were identified using the search terms \\\"SARS-CoV-2,\\\" \\\"COVID-19,\\\" \\\"Coronavirus,\\\" \\\"COVID-19 Vaccines,\\\" \\\"Pandemic,\\\" COVID-19, and LMICs or their combinations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Traditional first-generation vaccine platforms, such as whole virus vaccines (live attenuated and inactivated virus vaccines), as well as second-generation vaccines, like protein-based vaccines (subunit and viral vector vaccines), and third-generation vaccines, such as nanoparticle and genetic vaccines (mRNA vaccines), are described.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 sequence information obtained in a record time provided the basis for the fast development of a COVID-19 vaccine. The adaptability characteristic of the new generation of vaccines is changing our capability to react to emerging threats to future pandemics. Nevertheless, the slow and unfair distribution of vaccines to low- and middle-income countries and the spread of misinformation are a menace to global health since the unvaccinated will increase the chances for resurgences and the surge of new variants that can escape the current vaccines.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23303,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-08-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9537331/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"19\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-022-00176-4\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"INFECTIOUS DISEASES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-022-00176-4","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaccines platforms and COVID-19: what you need to know.
Background: The novel SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is the third zoonotic coronavirus since the beginning of the 21 first century, and it has taken more than 6 million human lives because of the lack of immunity causing global economic losses. Consequently, developing a vaccine against the virus represents the fastest way to finish the threat and regain some "normality."
Objective: Here, we provide information about the main features of the most important vaccine platforms, some of them already approved, to clear common doubts fostered by widespread misinformation and to reassure the public of the safety of the vaccination process and the different alternatives presented.
Methods: Articles published in open access databases until January 2022 were identified using the search terms "SARS-CoV-2," "COVID-19," "Coronavirus," "COVID-19 Vaccines," "Pandemic," COVID-19, and LMICs or their combinations.
Discussion: Traditional first-generation vaccine platforms, such as whole virus vaccines (live attenuated and inactivated virus vaccines), as well as second-generation vaccines, like protein-based vaccines (subunit and viral vector vaccines), and third-generation vaccines, such as nanoparticle and genetic vaccines (mRNA vaccines), are described.
Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 sequence information obtained in a record time provided the basis for the fast development of a COVID-19 vaccine. The adaptability characteristic of the new generation of vaccines is changing our capability to react to emerging threats to future pandemics. Nevertheless, the slow and unfair distribution of vaccines to low- and middle-income countries and the spread of misinformation are a menace to global health since the unvaccinated will increase the chances for resurgences and the surge of new variants that can escape the current vaccines.
期刊介绍:
Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines is an open access journal that considers basic, translational and applied research, as well as reviews and commentary, related to the prevention and management of healthcare and diseases in international travelers. Given the changes in demographic trends of travelers globally, as well as the epidemiological transitions which many countries are experiencing, the journal considers non-infectious problems including chronic disease among target populations of interest as well as infectious diseases.