Gold nanomaterials for biochemical sensing

Abstract

Gold nanomaterials have received much attention in sensing due to their unique optical and electronic properties. This article briefly summarized the synthesis, property of gold nanomaterials before focusing on their application to sensing. The synthesis of three major types of gold nanomaterials is discussed: gold nanoclusters, which are synthesized by templated method, and gold nanoparticles, which are synthesized by chemical reduction methods, and gold nanorods, which are synthesized by the seed-mediated method. More methods affecting nano properties are discussed. Properties of these gold nanomaterials are usually connected to their application. Their fluorescent, photoluminescent, chemiluminescent, electrochemiluminescent, and catalytic properties are what give them potential in sensing. For the further application of gold-based nanomaterials in sense, the author suggests that more research needs to be done on understanding their properties and surface functionalization which provide greater selectivity and sensitivity in sense. Moreover, new detection techniques need to be developed to improve detection accuracy and reduce operational complexity.

Graphical abstract