{"title":"力量和技能训练对对侧肢体皮层和脊髓回路的急性影响。","authors":"Antonio Capozio, Samit Chakrabarty, Sarah Astill","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2265316","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unilateral strength and skill training increase strength and performance in the contralateral untrained limb, a phenomenon known as cross-education. Recent evidence suggests that similar neural mechanisms might be responsible for the increase in strength and skill observed in the untrained hand after unimanual training. The aims of this study were to: investigate whether a single session of unimanual strength and skill (force-tracking) training increased strength and skill in the opposite hand; measure ipsilateral (untrained) brain (<i>via</i> transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS) and spinal (<i>via</i> the monosynaptic reflex) changes in excitability occurring after training; measure ipsilateral (untrained) pathway-specific changes in neural excitability (<i>via</i> TMS-conditioning of the monosynaptic reflex) occurring after training. Participants (<i>N</i> = 13) completed a session of unimanual strength (ballistic isometric wrist flexions) and skill (force-tracking wrist flexions) training on two separate days. Strength increased after training in the untrained hand (<i>p</i> = 0.025) but not in the trained hand (<i>p</i> = 0.611). Force-tracking performance increased in both the trained (<i>p</i> = 0.007) and untrained (<i>p</i> = 0.010) hand. Corticospinal excitability increased after force-tracking and strength training <i>(p</i> = 0.027), while spinal excitability was not affected <i>(p</i> = 0.214). TMS-conditioned monosynaptic reflex increased after force-tracking (<i>p</i> = 0.001) but not strength training <i>(p</i> = 0.689), suggesting a possible role of polysynaptic pathways in the increase of cortical excitability observed after training. The results suggest that cross-education of strength and skill at the acute stage is supported by increased excitability of the untrained motor cortex.<i>New & Noteworthy:</i> A single session of isometric wrist flexion strength and skill straining increased strength and skill in the untrained limb. The excitability of the untrained motor cortex increased after strength and skill training. TMS-conditioned H-reflexes increased after skill but not strength training in the untrained hand, indicating that polysynaptic pathways in the increase of cortical excitability observed after skill training.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"119-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Acute Effects of Strength and Skill Training on the Cortical and Spinal Circuits of Contralateral Limb.\",\"authors\":\"Antonio Capozio, Samit Chakrabarty, Sarah Astill\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/00222895.2023.2265316\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Unilateral strength and skill training increase strength and performance in the contralateral untrained limb, a phenomenon known as cross-education. Recent evidence suggests that similar neural mechanisms might be responsible for the increase in strength and skill observed in the untrained hand after unimanual training. The aims of this study were to: investigate whether a single session of unimanual strength and skill (force-tracking) training increased strength and skill in the opposite hand; measure ipsilateral (untrained) brain (<i>via</i> transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS) and spinal (<i>via</i> the monosynaptic reflex) changes in excitability occurring after training; measure ipsilateral (untrained) pathway-specific changes in neural excitability (<i>via</i> TMS-conditioning of the monosynaptic reflex) occurring after training. Participants (<i>N</i> = 13) completed a session of unimanual strength (ballistic isometric wrist flexions) and skill (force-tracking wrist flexions) training on two separate days. Strength increased after training in the untrained hand (<i>p</i> = 0.025) but not in the trained hand (<i>p</i> = 0.611). Force-tracking performance increased in both the trained (<i>p</i> = 0.007) and untrained (<i>p</i> = 0.010) hand. Corticospinal excitability increased after force-tracking and strength training <i>(p</i> = 0.027), while spinal excitability was not affected <i>(p</i> = 0.214). TMS-conditioned monosynaptic reflex increased after force-tracking (<i>p</i> = 0.001) but not strength training <i>(p</i> = 0.689), suggesting a possible role of polysynaptic pathways in the increase of cortical excitability observed after training. The results suggest that cross-education of strength and skill at the acute stage is supported by increased excitability of the untrained motor cortex.<i>New & Noteworthy:</i> A single session of isometric wrist flexion strength and skill straining increased strength and skill in the untrained limb. The excitability of the untrained motor cortex increased after strength and skill training. TMS-conditioned H-reflexes increased after skill but not strength training in the untrained hand, indicating that polysynaptic pathways in the increase of cortical excitability observed after skill training.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50125,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Motor Behavior\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"119-131\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Motor Behavior\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"102\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2023.2265316\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"心理学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2023/10/3 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"NEUROSCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Motor Behavior","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2023.2265316","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/10/3 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute Effects of Strength and Skill Training on the Cortical and Spinal Circuits of Contralateral Limb.
Unilateral strength and skill training increase strength and performance in the contralateral untrained limb, a phenomenon known as cross-education. Recent evidence suggests that similar neural mechanisms might be responsible for the increase in strength and skill observed in the untrained hand after unimanual training. The aims of this study were to: investigate whether a single session of unimanual strength and skill (force-tracking) training increased strength and skill in the opposite hand; measure ipsilateral (untrained) brain (via transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS) and spinal (via the monosynaptic reflex) changes in excitability occurring after training; measure ipsilateral (untrained) pathway-specific changes in neural excitability (via TMS-conditioning of the monosynaptic reflex) occurring after training. Participants (N = 13) completed a session of unimanual strength (ballistic isometric wrist flexions) and skill (force-tracking wrist flexions) training on two separate days. Strength increased after training in the untrained hand (p = 0.025) but not in the trained hand (p = 0.611). Force-tracking performance increased in both the trained (p = 0.007) and untrained (p = 0.010) hand. Corticospinal excitability increased after force-tracking and strength training (p = 0.027), while spinal excitability was not affected (p = 0.214). TMS-conditioned monosynaptic reflex increased after force-tracking (p = 0.001) but not strength training (p = 0.689), suggesting a possible role of polysynaptic pathways in the increase of cortical excitability observed after training. The results suggest that cross-education of strength and skill at the acute stage is supported by increased excitability of the untrained motor cortex.New & Noteworthy: A single session of isometric wrist flexion strength and skill straining increased strength and skill in the untrained limb. The excitability of the untrained motor cortex increased after strength and skill training. TMS-conditioned H-reflexes increased after skill but not strength training in the untrained hand, indicating that polysynaptic pathways in the increase of cortical excitability observed after skill training.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Motor Behavior, a multidisciplinary journal of movement neuroscience, publishes articles that contribute to a basic understanding of motor control. Articles from different disciplinary perspectives and levels of analysis are encouraged, including neurophysiological, biomechanical, electrophysiological, psychological, mathematical and physical, and clinical approaches. Applied studies are acceptable only to the extent that they provide a significant contribution to a basic issue in motor control. Of special interest to the journal are those articles that attempt to bridge insights from different disciplinary perspectives to infer processes underlying motor control. Those approaches may embrace postural, locomotive, and manipulative aspects of motor functions, as well as coordination of speech articulators and eye movements. Articles dealing with analytical techniques and mathematical modeling are welcome.
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