约束环境条件下过渡生态系统中两种同域捕食者的共存:从空间和栖息地利用的角度。

IF 3.4 1区 生物学 Q2 ECOLOGY Movement Ecology Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI:10.1186/s40462-023-00421-1
Chloé Warret Rodrigues, James D Roth
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摘要

背景:作为气候变化的主要后果,物种范围的扩大可能会由于扩大物种和本土物种之间的竞争而大幅改变群落。方法:我们首先量化了北极边缘气候相关变化迅速发生的不断扩大的栖息地专家赤狐(Vulpes Vulpes)和环极栖息地专家北极狐(Vurpes lagopus)之间的大小差异,以预测更大的竞争对手对建筑物内杀戮的干扰升级的可能性。然后,我们使用卫星遥测技术,通过检查狐狸繁殖期早期的空间使用情况,来评估异质景观中的竞争,当时资源短缺、食物需求增加和空间限制可能会加剧干扰的可能性。我们使用时间LoCoH来量化空间和栖息地的使用,并使用Minta指数来量化邻居之间的时空互动。结果:我们对236只狐狸的形态计量学比较发现,由于中等大小的差异,这些物种之间干扰升级的可能性很高。然而,我们对17只领狐的研究结果表明,当物种在低密度下扩张时,扩张和本土竞争对手可能共存。邻居之间的低住宅范围重叠表明了领土归属和对空间的实质性开发竞争。异性邻居共享的区域没有明显的差异使用,这表明干扰很低。如果说有什么不同的话,赤狐之间的种内竞争可能比种间竞争更强。赤狐和北极狐对栖息地的使用不同,赤狐几乎只使用森林斑块,北极狐则使用海洋栖息地。结论:异质景观可以缓解扩张物种和原生物种之间的种间竞争,允许某些资源的独家使用。此外,不断扩大的物种所青睐的栖息地的稀缺性可能会强调新物种之间的种内竞争,而不是种间竞争,从而产生不断扩大的种群自我限制的潜力。优势扩张竞争对手可能会从干扰中受益,但通常在扩张前沿缺乏对非生物条件的适应,在开发竞争中有利于后边缘从属物种。然而,由于持续的气候变化,系统通常不处于平衡状态。有利于扩大物种的栖息地和资源的扩散可能会促进具有对抗优势的新来者的密度增加,这可能导致本土物种的灭绝。
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Coexistence of two sympatric predators in a transitional ecosystem under constraining environmental conditions: a perspective from space and habitat use.

Background: Range expansion of species, a major consequence of climate changes, may alter communities substantially due to competition between expanding and native species.

Methods: We first quantified size differences between an expanding habitat generalist, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and a circumpolar habitat specialist, the Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus), at the edge of the Arctic, where climate-related changes occur rapidly, to predict the likelihood of the larger competitor escalating interference to intraguild killing. We then used satellite telemetry to evaluate competition in a heterogeneous landscape by examining space use early during the foxes' reproductive period, when resource scarcity, increased-food requirements and spatial constraints likely exacerbate the potential for interference. We used time-LoCoH to quantify space and habitat use, and Minta's index to quantify spatio-temporal interactions between neighbors.

Results: Our morphometric comparison involving 236 foxes found that the potential for escalated interference between these species was high due to intermediate size difference. However, our results from 17 collared foxes suggested that expanding and native competitors may coexist when expanding species occur at low densities. Low home-range overlap between neighbors suggested territoriality and substantial exploitation competition for space. No obvious differential use of areas shared by heterospecific neighbors suggested low interference. If anything, intraspecific competition between red foxes may be stronger than interspecific competition. Red and Arctic foxes used habitat differentially, with near-exclusive use of forest patches by red foxes and marine habitats by Arctic foxes.

Conclusion: Heterogeneous landscapes may relax interspecific competition between expanding and native species, allowing exclusive use of some resources. Furthermore, the scarcity of habitats favored by expanding species may emphasize intraspecific competition between newcomers over interspecific competition, thus creating the potential for self-limitation of expanding populations. Dominant expanding competitors may benefit from interference, but usually lack adaptations to abiotic conditions at their expansion front, favoring rear-edge subordinate species in exploitation competition. However, due to ongoing climate change, systems are usually not at equilibrium. A spread of habitats and resources favorable to expanding species may promote higher densities of antagonistically dominant newcomers, which may lead to extirpation of native species.

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来源期刊
Movement Ecology
Movement Ecology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
4.90%
发文量
47
审稿时长
23 weeks
期刊介绍: Movement Ecology is an open-access interdisciplinary journal publishing novel insights from empirical and theoretical approaches into the ecology of movement of the whole organism - either animals, plants or microorganisms - as the central theme. We welcome manuscripts on any taxa and any movement phenomena (e.g. foraging, dispersal and seasonal migration) addressing important research questions on the patterns, mechanisms, causes and consequences of organismal movement. Manuscripts will be rigorously peer-reviewed to ensure novelty and high quality.
期刊最新文献
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