东部低地大猩猩(Gorilla beringei graueri)头骨和内壳的两性异形。

IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Journal of Human Evolution Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103439
Caitlin Man , Emmanuel Gilissen , Margot Michaud
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引用次数: 0

摘要

神经系统的两性异形已经被报道用于广泛的脊椎动物。然而,对灵长类动物颅骨结构和软组织,尤其是大脑中两性异形的理解仍然有限。在这项研究中,我们旨在调查雄性和雌性东部低地大猩猩(Gorilla beringei graueri)的外部和内部(即内部)颅骨差异。我们研究了大小、形状和差异,目的是比较两性异形如何对这两种结构产生不同的影响,特别关注颅内。为此,我们从CT扫描中重建了大猩猩的外颅骨和内颅骨,并使用3D几何形态测量技术结合多变量分析来评估性别之间的颅骨和颅内差异。我们的研究结果强调了外颅骨和内颅骨在大小和形状上的两性异形。特别是,男性的面部细长,并伴有明显的矢状嵴和沿着前后位轴的细长内口,而女性则通过更圆的脑壳和内口来识别。男性的外颅骨和内口大小也明显大于女性。此外,我们还描述了两性在后颅窝(即小脑在大脑中的位置)和嗅球方面的重要差异。特别是,我们的研究结果强调,与男性相比,女性的后颅窝更大,而男性的特征是嗅球更大且朝向头部。
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Sexual dimorphism in the cranium and endocast of the eastern lowland gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri)

Sexual dimorphism of the nervous system has been reported for a wide range of vertebrates. However, understanding of sexual dimorphism in primate cranial structures and soft tissues, and more particularly the brain, remains limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the external and internal (i.e., endocast) cranial differences between male and female eastern lowland gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri). We examined the differences in the size, shape, and disparity with the aim to compare how sexual dimorphism can impact these two structures distinctively, with a particular focus on the endocranium. To do so, we reconstructed gorilla external crania and endocasts from CT scans and used 3D geometric morphometric techniques combined with multivariate analyses to assess the cranial and endocranial differences between the sexes. Our results highlighted sexual dimorphism for the external cranium and endocast with regard to both size and shape. In particular, males display an elongated face accompanied by a pronounced sagittal crest and an elongated endocast along the rostroposterior axis, in contrast to females who are identified by a more rounded brain case and endocast. Males also show a significantly larger external cranium and endocast size than females. In addition, we described important differences for the posterior cranial fossae (i.e., the position of the cerebellum within the brain case) and olfactory bulb between the two sexes. Particularly, our results highlighted that, relatively to males, females have larger posterior cranial fossae, whereas males have been characterized by a larger and rostrally oriented olfactory bulb.

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来源期刊
Journal of Human Evolution
Journal of Human Evolution 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
15.60%
发文量
104
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Human Evolution concentrates on publishing the highest quality papers covering all aspects of human evolution. The central focus is aimed jointly at paleoanthropological work, covering human and primate fossils, and at comparative studies of living species, including both morphological and molecular evidence. These include descriptions of new discoveries, interpretative analyses of new and previously described material, and assessments of the phylogeny and paleobiology of primate species. Submissions should address issues and questions of broad interest in paleoanthropology.
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