The HIV epidemic 40 years on

In 1981, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized and, by 1983, the aetiological agent, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), had been identified. The development and roll out of antiretroviral therapy has led to a reversal of the devastating mortality. Despite substantial progress, the epidemic is far from over and renewed global commitment is urgently needed to ensure the goal of epidemic control by 2030 is met. This Comment article highlights the progress that has been made over the past 40 years since the discovery of HIV, and discusses the commitment needed to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the ongoing challenges.