Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01285-z
Erta Kalanxhi, Ramanan Laxminarayan
Climate change is increasingly linked to a surge of extreme weather events, raising the risk of disease outbreaks and food insecurity. Meanwhile, an increase in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, many of which do not respond to available antibiotics owing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), poses another great challenge to public health. Although some studies have shown that climate change and extreme weather events are associated with higher levels of AMR, much work remains to determine whether these are causal linkages or merely parallel reflections of an anthropogenic change. In this Review, we explore evidence on the relationship between climate and AMR, highlighting pathways through which rising temperatures and extreme weather events might intensify this pressing issue. Beyond existing ecological evidence demonstrating correlations between temperature and AMR prevalence in clinically important pathogens, a growing body of work suggests that the predominant impact of climate change on AMR manifests through an increase in infectious disease prevalence and a demand for antimicrobial use. Current evidence on the relationship between climate and AMR is insufficient in addressing issues related to temporality and causality, and underscores the need for further research to understand the nature of these complex relationships.
{"title":"Climate change and antimicrobial resistance.","authors":"Erta Kalanxhi, Ramanan Laxminarayan","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01285-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-026-01285-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is increasingly linked to a surge of extreme weather events, raising the risk of disease outbreaks and food insecurity. Meanwhile, an increase in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, many of which do not respond to available antibiotics owing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), poses another great challenge to public health. Although some studies have shown that climate change and extreme weather events are associated with higher levels of AMR, much work remains to determine whether these are causal linkages or merely parallel reflections of an anthropogenic change. In this Review, we explore evidence on the relationship between climate and AMR, highlighting pathways through which rising temperatures and extreme weather events might intensify this pressing issue. Beyond existing ecological evidence demonstrating correlations between temperature and AMR prevalence in clinically important pathogens, a growing body of work suggests that the predominant impact of climate change on AMR manifests through an increase in infectious disease prevalence and a demand for antimicrobial use. Current evidence on the relationship between climate and AMR is insufficient in addressing issues related to temporality and causality, and underscores the need for further research to understand the nature of these complex relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01284-0
Eugene V Koonin, Aude Bernheim
{"title":"The paradox of immune systems conservation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.","authors":"Eugene V Koonin, Aude Bernheim","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01284-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-026-01284-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01283-1
Caroline Barranco
A study by Jin et al. shows that oral–gut translocation of prtC+ bacteria is implicated in the well-known link between gut microbiome dysbiosis and advanced liver disease in humans.
{"title":"Oral–gut bacterial transport drives chronic liver disease","authors":"Caroline Barranco","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01283-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-026-01283-1","url":null,"abstract":"A study by Jin et al. shows that oral–gut translocation of prtC+ bacteria is implicated in the well-known link between gut microbiome dysbiosis and advanced liver disease in humans.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 3","pages":"165-165"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01282-2
Andrea Du Toit
This study shows that microgravity modulates phage–host co-evolution and alters their mutational landscapes, facilitating adaptation to such a distinct environmental niche.
{"title":"Phage–host dynamics in space","authors":"Andrea Du Toit","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01282-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-026-01282-2","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows that microgravity modulates phage–host co-evolution and alters their mutational landscapes, facilitating adaptation to such a distinct environmental niche.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 3","pages":"164-164"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146041318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01281-3
Andrea Du Toit
This study reports that the tree bark microbial community actively modulates fluxes of climate-active gases and volatile organic compounds, and may mediate global atmospheric gas cycling.
本研究报道了树皮微生物群落积极调节气候活性气体和挥发性有机物的通量，并可能调节全球大气气体循环。
{"title":"Tree bark microbiota in climate-active gas cycling","authors":"Andrea Du Toit","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01281-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-026-01281-3","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports that the tree bark microbial community actively modulates fluxes of climate-active gases and volatile organic compounds, and may mediate global atmospheric gas cycling.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 3","pages":"163-163"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01280-4
Michael Attwaters
A recent study identifies a compound that sensitizes fungal pathogens to the antifungal drug caspofungin.
最近的一项研究发现了一种化合物，可以使真菌病原体对抗真菌药物caspofungin敏感。
{"title":"Flipping the drug resistance switch","authors":"Michael Attwaters","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01280-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-026-01280-4","url":null,"abstract":"A recent study identifies a compound that sensitizes fungal pathogens to the antifungal drug caspofungin.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 3","pages":"164-164"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01277-z
Run-Ze Ye, Yu-Yu Li, Xiao-Yang Wang, Wu-Chun Cao
Ticks are highly competent arthropod vectors, capable of transmitting a great variety of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens. The continuous identification of tick-borne viruses (TBVs), especially those pathogenic to humans and animals, poses an increasing threat to public and veterinary health worldwide. Following an incubation phase, the clinical course of human TBV infections often starts with non-specific symptoms (such as fever) that can be followed by distinct clinical manifestations (such as haemorrhage, encephalitis or multi-organ failure). Importantly, a lack of specific diagnostic tests, clinician awareness and effective targeted therapeutics has constrained early diagnosis and clinical management. Climate change, natural ecological factors and intensified human activity might have contributed to the expansion of ticks and TBVs. Very few vaccines are currently available for TBVs, therefore the disruption of a complex transmission chain involving vertebrate hosts, ticks and ecological environments is challenging for the control and prevention of TBV infections. This Review summarizes tick virome diversity, outlines the growing threat of TBVs to humans and animals, and describes the clinical features of TBV infections in humans. In addition, we review the factors contributing to the increasing tick density and expanding geographic distribution, and their role as vectors in further facilitating the spread of TBVs, and we highlight the need for integrated One Health strategies to control ticks and TBVs.
{"title":"Tick-borne viruses: discovery, clinical aspects, influencing factors and control.","authors":"Run-Ze Ye, Yu-Yu Li, Xiao-Yang Wang, Wu-Chun Cao","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01277-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-026-01277-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ticks are highly competent arthropod vectors, capable of transmitting a great variety of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens. The continuous identification of tick-borne viruses (TBVs), especially those pathogenic to humans and animals, poses an increasing threat to public and veterinary health worldwide. Following an incubation phase, the clinical course of human TBV infections often starts with non-specific symptoms (such as fever) that can be followed by distinct clinical manifestations (such as haemorrhage, encephalitis or multi-organ failure). Importantly, a lack of specific diagnostic tests, clinician awareness and effective targeted therapeutics has constrained early diagnosis and clinical management. Climate change, natural ecological factors and intensified human activity might have contributed to the expansion of ticks and TBVs. Very few vaccines are currently available for TBVs, therefore the disruption of a complex transmission chain involving vertebrate hosts, ticks and ecological environments is challenging for the control and prevention of TBV infections. This Review summarizes tick virome diversity, outlines the growing threat of TBVs to humans and animals, and describes the clinical features of TBV infections in humans. In addition, we review the factors contributing to the increasing tick density and expanding geographic distribution, and their role as vectors in further facilitating the spread of TBVs, and we highlight the need for integrated One Health strategies to control ticks and TBVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01278-y
Mengcen Wang
In this Journal Club, Mengcen Wang discusses papers that uncover chemical crosstalk between plants and their microbiota.
在本杂志中，王梦岑讨论了揭示植物及其微生物群之间化学串扰的论文。
{"title":"Chemical whispers hidden in the plant and microbiota kingdoms","authors":"Mengcen Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01278-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-026-01278-y","url":null,"abstract":"In this Journal Club, Mengcen Wang discusses papers that uncover chemical crosstalk between plants and their microbiota.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 3","pages":"166-166"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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