{"title":"三叉神经末梢TRPV4的PAR2依赖性磷酸化导致舌癌症疼痛。","authors":"Ryuta Akasaka , Akihiko Furukawa , Yoshinori Hayashi , Suzuro Hitomi , Ryo Koyama , Eri Oshima , Miki Tamura , Mamiko Yonemoto , Yasushi Hojo , Ryosuke Takahashi , Ikuko Shibuta , Koichi Iwata , Yoshiyuki Yonehara , Masamichi Shinoda","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to clarify the interactions between the tongue and primary afferent fibers in tongue cancer pain.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A pharmacological analysis was conducted to evaluate mechanical hypersensitivity<span><span> of the tongues of rats with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Changes in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons projecting to the tongue were analyzed using </span>immunohistochemistry<span> and western blotting.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>SCC inoculation of the tongue caused persistent mechanical sensitization and tumor formation. Trypsin expression was significantly upregulated in cancer lesions. Continuous trypsin inhibition<span> or protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) antagonism in the tongue significantly inhibited SCC-induced mechanical sensitization. No changes were observed in PAR2 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) levels in the TG or the number of PAR2-and TRPV4-expressing TG neurons after SCC inoculation. In contrast, the relative amount of phosphorylated TRPV4 in the TG was significantly increased after SCC inoculation and abrogated by PAR2 antagonism in the tongue. TRPV4 antagonism in the tongue significantly ameliorated the mechanical sensitization caused by SCC inoculation.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings indicate that tumor-derived trypsin sensitizes primary afferent fibers by PAR2 stimulation and subsequent TRPV4 phosphorylation, resulting in severe tongue pain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"PAR2-dependent phosphorylation of TRPV4 at the trigeminal nerve terminals contributes to tongue cancer pain\",\"authors\":\"Ryuta Akasaka , Akihiko Furukawa , Yoshinori Hayashi , Suzuro Hitomi , Ryo Koyama , Eri Oshima , Miki Tamura , Mamiko Yonemoto , Yasushi Hojo , Ryosuke Takahashi , Ikuko Shibuta , Koichi Iwata , Yoshiyuki Yonehara , Masamichi Shinoda\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.job.2023.10.003\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to clarify the interactions between the tongue and primary afferent fibers in tongue cancer pain.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A pharmacological analysis was conducted to evaluate mechanical hypersensitivity<span><span> of the tongues of rats with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Changes in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons projecting to the tongue were analyzed using </span>immunohistochemistry<span> and western blotting.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>SCC inoculation of the tongue caused persistent mechanical sensitization and tumor formation. Trypsin expression was significantly upregulated in cancer lesions. Continuous trypsin inhibition<span> or protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) antagonism in the tongue significantly inhibited SCC-induced mechanical sensitization. No changes were observed in PAR2 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) levels in the TG or the number of PAR2-and TRPV4-expressing TG neurons after SCC inoculation. In contrast, the relative amount of phosphorylated TRPV4 in the TG was significantly increased after SCC inoculation and abrogated by PAR2 antagonism in the tongue. TRPV4 antagonism in the tongue significantly ameliorated the mechanical sensitization caused by SCC inoculation.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings indicate that tumor-derived trypsin sensitizes primary afferent fibers by PAR2 stimulation and subsequent TRPV4 phosphorylation, resulting in severe tongue pain.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":45851,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Oral Biosciences\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-10-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Oral Biosciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007923001317\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007923001317","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
PAR2-dependent phosphorylation of TRPV4 at the trigeminal nerve terminals contributes to tongue cancer pain
Objective
This study aimed to clarify the interactions between the tongue and primary afferent fibers in tongue cancer pain.
Methods
A pharmacological analysis was conducted to evaluate mechanical hypersensitivity of the tongues of rats with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Changes in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons projecting to the tongue were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting.
Results
SCC inoculation of the tongue caused persistent mechanical sensitization and tumor formation. Trypsin expression was significantly upregulated in cancer lesions. Continuous trypsin inhibition or protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) antagonism in the tongue significantly inhibited SCC-induced mechanical sensitization. No changes were observed in PAR2 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) levels in the TG or the number of PAR2-and TRPV4-expressing TG neurons after SCC inoculation. In contrast, the relative amount of phosphorylated TRPV4 in the TG was significantly increased after SCC inoculation and abrogated by PAR2 antagonism in the tongue. TRPV4 antagonism in the tongue significantly ameliorated the mechanical sensitization caused by SCC inoculation.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that tumor-derived trypsin sensitizes primary afferent fibers by PAR2 stimulation and subsequent TRPV4 phosphorylation, resulting in severe tongue pain.