Nonlinear Resonance in Dual-Frequency Paul Trap on Account of Hexapole Field Aberrations

Nonlinear phenomena around the primary resonance on account of hexapole field aberrations are being investigated in a dual-frequency Paul trap. The dynamics is underlined by an external sinusoidal driving force, collisional damping, and odd-order hexapole potential field. The pseudo-potential approximation-based equation of motion can be encapsulated by a damped-driven Duffing-type equation with a quadratic nonlinearity. Using harmonic balance technique, the nature of the resonance curves and axial displacement curves are found to be profoundly affected by the voltage and frequency ratios in the trap.