用护照设计苏联社会

IF 0.3 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI:10.1353/kri.2023.a904391
Nataliya Kibita
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引用次数: 0

摘要

苏联护照和护照制度在塑造苏联国家和社会中的地位和作用也没有逃过学者的注意。1阿尔伯特·拜布林的新专著《苏联护照》在现有知识的基础上,通过将苏联护照置于历史和人类学调查的中心,进一步展开了讨论。《苏联护照》考察了从俄罗斯帝国到后苏联时期苏联护照和护照制度内容的演变,解释了苏联护照制度是如何正式和非正式运作的,并讨论了护照及其内容如何影响人们的生活。这本书由三部分组成。第一节重点介绍护照制度作为社会工程的工具。在这里,白布林讨论了为什么布尔什维克在1917年11月废除俄罗斯护照制度后,在1932年恢复了护照。他表明,在许多方面,苏联护照与俄罗斯帝国护照相似,不仅在内容上。两者都旨在控制行动自由,加强社会结构,并确保人民向国家缴纳会费(1917年前通过税收,1861年前通过农奴制,1932年后通过兵役或kolkhoz服务)。但苏联护照制度与1917年前的俄罗斯护照不同,因为它被认为是压迫性控制的工具,是为了掩盖苏联的经济失败
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Engineering Soviet Society with Passports
The place and role of the Soviet passport and the passport system in shaping Soviet state and society have not escaped the attention of scholars.1 Albert Baiburin’s new monograph, The Soviet Passport, builds on the existing knowledge and, by placing the Soviet passport in the center of a historical and anthropological investigation, takes the discussion further. The Soviet Passport examines the evolution of the content of the Soviet passport and passport system from the Russian Empire until the post-Soviet period, explains how the Soviet passport system worked officially and unofficially, and discusses how the passport and its content affected people’s lives. The book consists of three sections. The first section is focused on the passport system as an instrument of social engineering. Here Baiburin discusses why the Bolsheviks, after having abolished the Russian passport system in November 1917, restored the passport in 1932. He shows that in many respects, the Soviet passport was similar to the Russian imperial one, and not only in content. Both aimed to control freedom of movement, strengthen the social structure, and ensure that the population paid its dues to the state (through taxes before 1917 and serfdom until 1861 and military or kolkhoz service after 1932). But the Soviet passport system differed from the pre-1917 Russian passport in that it was conceived as a tool of oppressive control and to conceal the economic failures of the Soviet
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
51
期刊介绍: A leading journal of Russian and Eurasian history and culture, Kritika is dedicated to internationalizing the field and making it relevant to a broad interdisciplinary audience. The journal regularly publishes forums, discussions, and special issues; it regularly translates important works by Russian and European scholars into English; and it publishes in every issue in-depth, lengthy review articles, review essays, and reviews of Russian, Eurasian, and European works that are rarely, if ever, reviewed in North American Russian studies journals.
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