中国:错失良机的故事。中国是如何无视南海裁决的

IF 0.2 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE Conflict Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI:10.24193/csq.41.3
Tudor Cherhaț
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引用次数: 1

摘要

2016年7月12日,一个国际仲裁庭(在海牙常设仲裁法院注册)裁定中国在南海的领土主张无效,认为中国在“九段线”地图内的历史性权利不具有《联合国海洋法公约》规定的有效效力。仲裁庭做出这一裁决之际,中国和中国政府在公海建设人工岛屿引发的海上事件不断增多,导致南中国海的紧张局势达到非常高的水平。对美国支持的国家(越南、菲律宾)来说,这本该是对中国的重大胜利,结果对菲律宾来说只是象征性的成功。中国不仅拒绝了这一判决,而且继续进行挑衅性的海军演习,骚扰其他外国船只,并建造用于军事目的的人工岛屿。通过历史研究和比较分析,本文说明了中国拒绝仲裁裁决是如何受到一系列法律、经济和政治因素的推动,这些因素减少了国际社会对中国政府的反应和压力:美国未批准《联合国海洋法公约》,缺乏强制执行国际裁决的机制,中国与其他地区国家之间的经济相互依存以及其他大国的先例。关键词:南海;常设仲裁法院;《联合国海洋法公约》;
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CHINA: THE STORY OF A MISSED OPPORTUNITY. HOW CHINA MANAGED TO DISREGARD THE SOUTH CHINA SEA RULING
On July 12, 2016 an international tribunal (registered with The Hague Permanent Court of Arbitration) ruled against China`s territorial claims in the South China Sea, arguing that the Chinese historic rights within the Nine Dash-Line map have no valid effect under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The tribunal’s decision came at a time when tensions in the South China Sea had reached a very high level amid increasing maritime incidents caused by China and the Chinese government’s construction of artificial islands in the open sea. What was supposed to be a major victory against China for the US-backed states (Vietnam, Philippines), turned out to be only a symbolic success for the Philippines. China not only rejected the sentence, but continued to conduct provocative naval exercises, harass other foreign ships and build artificial islands for military purposes. Using historical research and comparative analysis, this paper illustrates how China’s rejection of the ruling was facilitated by a number of legal, economic and political factors that have diminished international reactions and pressures on the Chinese government: the non-ratification of UNCLOS by the US, the lack of coercive mechanisms to enforce international rulings, the economic interdependence between China and other regional states and the precedents set by other major powers. Keywords: South China Sea, Permanent Court of Arbitration, UNCLOS, maritime claims, historic rights.
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来源期刊
Conflict Studies Quarterly
Conflict Studies Quarterly POLITICAL SCIENCE-
自引率
33.30%
发文量
17
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