《尤维纳利斯》中讽刺的历史化

IF 0.9 2区 历史学 0 CLASSICS CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI:10.1525/ca.2019.38.2.250
Michael Ritter
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人物角色理论的含义给朱维纳尔早期讽刺作品的解读带来了问题,因为它将讽刺作家描绘成有意废除其说教立场的人。这给我们留下了一个不令人满意的结论,即朱维纳尔对主题的执着处理与同时代的作家一样,他们同样致力于抹黑著名死者的名誉。这篇文章认为,严格应用人物角色理论将朱维纳尔的讽刺作家与他动荡的当代气候隔离开来,因为他将他排除在现实之外,即这些作家——同样将他们的作品指向过去——只是在暴君安全死后才毫不掩饰地写作。塔西陀和普林尼曾哀叹多米提安统治期间盛行的卑躬屈膝和沉默,在这段时间里,罗马世界经历了十五年的恐怖,一言不发。朱维纳尔在这个文学环境中宣布了他的讽刺作家,他以沉默的回声开始:自我审计员坦图姆?随着Domitian的去世,以及允许诽谤死者的新氛围,Juvenal利用当代文学的欲望,将他恶毒的声音融入其中,这种欲望允许惩罚,无论多么迟来,如果不是惩罚那个有罪的人的话,也可以惩罚那个有罪者的记忆。任何对朱维纳尔讽刺项目的评价都必须牢固地植根于他最直接的背景。
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Historicizing Satire in Juvenal
The implications of the persona theory pose a problem for the interpretation of Juvenal's early satires, because it presents the satirist as intent on nullifying his didactic stances. This leaves us with an unsatisfactory conclusion that excises Juvenal's persistent treatment of themes consistent with contemporaneous authors who were similarly engaged in blackening the reputations of the famous dead. This article argues that a strict application of persona theory isolates Juvenal's satirist from his volatile contemporary climate by excluding him from the reality that these authors—similarly directing their works to the past—were unabashedly writing only after the tyrant was safely dead. Tacitus and Pliny had lamented the servility and silence that predominated during Domitian's reign, in which the Roman world endured fifteen years of terror without uttering a word. Into this literary milieu Juvenal announces his satirist, who begins with an echo of that silence: semper ego auditor tantum? With the death of Domitian and a new atmosphere that permitted the defamation of the deceased, Juvenal injects his venomous voice into the mix, taking advantage of contemporary literary appetites that allowed for the punishment, no matter how belated, if not of the person then of the guilty one's memory. Any evaluation of Juvenal's satiric project must be firmly rooted in this, his most immediate, context.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
20.00%
发文量
6
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