设计隐形分子的哲学基础

IF 1.8 3区 化学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-06-04 DOI:10.1007/s10698-022-09433-y
Hirofumi Ochiai
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引用次数: 1

摘要

“结构”这个词的正确用法可以用“柴油发动机的结构”这样的表达来举例说明,在这种表达中,所指的东西是可以立即观察到的。它也被比喻为“社会结构”。虽然不可观察,但它所涉及的是经验上可获得的。相比之下,分子既不能被观察到,也不能从经验上得到。是什么哲学依据使我们能够设计出看不见的分子结构?当物体被赋予我们的现象场时,我们对物体的认知就变成了现象。(Ochiai, Found Chem 22:77-86, 2020a, Found Chem 22:45 - 465, 2020b,一篇关于分子结构的哲学论文,剑桥学者出版社,纽卡斯尔河畔泰恩,第147-174页,2021)现象场是心灵自我超越特征的图形表示,并显示了“自我”与“世界”之间的关系。“分子结构在有机化学家特有的现象领域中成为分子的供给性。”它是{有机化学家世界}复合体的上下文敏感的配置属性。虽然设计分子以分子结构为前提,但后者并不足以使前者有意义。分子也必须是可设计的。设计分子的目的是创造或修改分子结构,以提供具有某些化学和/或物理性质的化合物。也就是说,可设计分子在它们作为实现这一目的的手段并成为一种功能的环境中是有意义的。鉴于分子结构和可设计分子是分子的可视性,它们在一定的环境中是有意义的,这一事实为构思和设计分子的不可见结构提供了依据。海德格尔在《存在与时间》中关于存在之存在的特征的论证,证实了我们的论证,即作为一种启示而被实现的东西,作为他所说的对我们有用的东西而存在。
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Philosophical grounds for designing invisible molecules

‘Structure’ is the term whose proper use is exemplified by an expression like ‘the structure of a diesel-engine,’ in which what is referred to is accessible to immediate observation. It is also used figuratively like ‘social structure.’ While unobservable, what is referred to is empirically accessible. By contrast, molecules are neither observable nor empirically accessible. What philosophical grounds enable us to design invisible structure of molecules? Our cognition of objects becomes realized as phenomena when objects are given to our phenomenal fields. (Ochiai, Found Chem 22:77–86, 2020a, Found Chem 22:457–465, 2020b, A philosophical essay on molecular structure, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, pp 147–174, 2021) A phenomenal field is a pictorial representation of the mind’s self-transcending character and shows the relation between ‘self’ and ‘world.’ Molecular structure becomes realized as an affordance of molecules in a phenomenal field proper to organic chemists. It is a context-sensitive dispositional attribute of an {organic chemist-world} complex. Although designing molecules presupposes molecular structure, the latter is not sufficient for the former to make sense. Molecules must be designable as well. Designing molecules aims to create or modify molecular structure in order to provide compounds with certain chemical and/or physical properties. That is, designable molecules make sense in contexts in which they serve as a means to achieve this purpose and become realized as an affordance. Given that molecular structure and designable molecules are affordances of molecules, the fact that there are contexts in which they make sense provides grounds for conceiving and designing invisible structure of molecules. Heidegger’s arguments in Being and Time about characteristics of the being of beings corroborate our argument that what becomes realized as an affordance exists as what he calls a useful thing for us.

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Foundations of Chemistry
Foundations of Chemistry HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-
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22.20%
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期刊介绍: Foundations of Chemistry is an international journal which seeks to provide an interdisciplinary forum where chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, educators and sociologists with an interest in foundational issues can discuss conceptual and fundamental issues which relate to the `central science'' of chemistry. Such issues include the autonomous role of chemistry between physics and biology and the question of the reduction of chemistry to quantum mechanics. The journal will publish peer-reviewed academic articles on a wide range of subdisciplines, among others: chemical models, chemical language, metaphors, and theoretical terms; chemical evolution and artificial self-replication; industrial application, environmental concern, and the social and ethical aspects of chemistry''s professionalism; the nature of modeling and the role of instrumentation in chemistry; institutional studies and the nature of explanation in the chemical sciences; theoretical chemistry, molecular structure and chaos; the issue of realism; molecular biology, bio-inorganic chemistry; historical studies on ancient chemistry, medieval chemistry and alchemy; philosophical and historical articles; and material of a didactic nature relating to all topics in the chemical sciences. Foundations of Chemistry plans to feature special issues devoted to particular themes, and will contain book reviews and discussion notes. Audience: chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, chemical educators, sociologists, and other scientists with an interest in the foundational issues of science.
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