Mónica Ospino Araya, Yorleny Badilla Valverde, Wilfrido Paniagua Madrigal, Carlos Mario Campos Granados, O. Murillo Gamboa
{"title":"哥斯达黎加北部森林畜牧系统中柚木(Tectona grandis)和melina (Gmelina arborea)的生产成本","authors":"Mónica Ospino Araya, Yorleny Badilla Valverde, Wilfrido Paniagua Madrigal, Carlos Mario Campos Granados, O. Murillo Gamboa","doi":"10.15517/rac.v44i2.43109","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa ausencia de informacion economica constituye una barrera para el fomento de sistemas silvopastoriles. El componente forestal representa una contribucion marginal en la economia de la ganaderia, que mantiene una huella de carbono alta y ocupa un 43% del territorio. Se requiere un nuevo modelo silvopastoril de mayor impacto economico-social y ambiental. Objetivo. Generar informacion de costos del cultivo de arboles, en un diseno silvopastoril que logra integrar el negocio pecuario con el de madera. Materiales y metodos. Se reporta la estructura completa de costos del componente forestal, basado en clones de melina y teca. Se adapto la informacion de plantaciones compactas ordinarias, a un sistema de cultivo de arboles en franjas dentro de una finca ganadera, utilizado en la zona norte de Costa Rica. La informacion se diferencio en dos escenarios, el modelo de alta y baja inversion, segun el paquete tecnologico utilizado. Resultados. Los arboles se plantaron dentro de franjas cercadas de seis metros de ancho.ha-1 en los linderos de los apartos, en distribucion tresbolillo a 2,5 m entre hileras y 4,0 m entre arboles, que permiten cultivar 150 arboles en dos franjas.ha-1, en un ciclo de 8 anos para melina y de 16 anos para teca. Conclusiones. El costo total de cultivar melina en dos franjas.ha-1, en el modelo de alta inversion, fue de ₡751 759 (US $1307) y de ₡966 818 (US $1681) con teca. En el modelo de baja inversion el costo total para melina fue de ₡545 739 (US $949) y para teca ₡714 548 (US $1242). La mano de obra represento 41% de los costos totales en melina y 44% en teca. Este diseno silvopastoril requiere plantar 4,17 ha con melina y 5,5 ha con teca para obtener la misma cantidad de madera que en una plantacion convencional. EnglishThe absence of economic information constitutes a barrier to the promotion of silvopastoral systems. The forest component represents a marginal contribution to the livestock economy, which maintains a high carbon footprint and occupies 43% of the territory. A new silvopastoral model of greater economic, social and environmental impact is required. Objective. To generate information on the costs of tree cultivation, in a silvopastoral design that manages to integrate the livestock business with that of wood. Materials and methods. The complete cost structure of the forest component is reported, based on melina and teak clones. The information from ordinary compact plantations was adapted to a strip tree cultivation system within a cattle farm, utilized in the northern region of Costa Rica. The information was differentiated in two scenarios, the high and low investment model, according to the technological package used. Results. The trees were planted within two fenced-strips of six meters wide per hectare at the boundaries of the grazing paddocks. Within the strips, trees were planted in an irregular distribution, at a distance of 2,5 m between rows and 4.0 m between trees, which allowed planting of 150 trees.ha-1 in a cycle of 8 years for melina and 16 years for teak. Conclusions. Total cost of growing melina in 2 strips.ha-1, in the high investment model was ₡751 759 (US $1307) and ₡966 818 (US $1681) for teak. In the low investment model, the total cost for melina was ₡545 739 (US $949) and ₡714 548 (US $1242) for teak. Labor represented 41% of the total costs in melina and 44% in teak. This silvopastoral design requires planting of 4.17 ha with melina and 5.5 ha with teak in order to obtain the same amount of wood as in a conventional plantation.","PeriodicalId":31178,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Costarricense","volume":"44 1","pages":"155-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Costos de producción de teca (Tectona grandis) y melina (Gmelina arborea) en sistemas silvopastoriles de la zona norte de Costa Rica\",\"authors\":\"Mónica Ospino Araya, Yorleny Badilla Valverde, Wilfrido Paniagua Madrigal, Carlos Mario Campos Granados, O. Murillo Gamboa\",\"doi\":\"10.15517/rac.v44i2.43109\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"espanolLa ausencia de informacion economica constituye una barrera para el fomento de sistemas silvopastoriles. El componente forestal representa una contribucion marginal en la economia de la ganaderia, que mantiene una huella de carbono alta y ocupa un 43% del territorio. Se requiere un nuevo modelo silvopastoril de mayor impacto economico-social y ambiental. Objetivo. Generar informacion de costos del cultivo de arboles, en un diseno silvopastoril que logra integrar el negocio pecuario con el de madera. Materiales y metodos. Se reporta la estructura completa de costos del componente forestal, basado en clones de melina y teca. Se adapto la informacion de plantaciones compactas ordinarias, a un sistema de cultivo de arboles en franjas dentro de una finca ganadera, utilizado en la zona norte de Costa Rica. La informacion se diferencio en dos escenarios, el modelo de alta y baja inversion, segun el paquete tecnologico utilizado. Resultados. Los arboles se plantaron dentro de franjas cercadas de seis metros de ancho.ha-1 en los linderos de los apartos, en distribucion tresbolillo a 2,5 m entre hileras y 4,0 m entre arboles, que permiten cultivar 150 arboles en dos franjas.ha-1, en un ciclo de 8 anos para melina y de 16 anos para teca. Conclusiones. El costo total de cultivar melina en dos franjas.ha-1, en el modelo de alta inversion, fue de ₡751 759 (US $1307) y de ₡966 818 (US $1681) con teca. En el modelo de baja inversion el costo total para melina fue de ₡545 739 (US $949) y para teca ₡714 548 (US $1242). La mano de obra represento 41% de los costos totales en melina y 44% en teca. Este diseno silvopastoril requiere plantar 4,17 ha con melina y 5,5 ha con teca para obtener la misma cantidad de madera que en una plantacion convencional. EnglishThe absence of economic information constitutes a barrier to the promotion of silvopastoral systems. The forest component represents a marginal contribution to the livestock economy, which maintains a high carbon footprint and occupies 43% of the territory. A new silvopastoral model of greater economic, social and environmental impact is required. Objective. To generate information on the costs of tree cultivation, in a silvopastoral design that manages to integrate the livestock business with that of wood. Materials and methods. The complete cost structure of the forest component is reported, based on melina and teak clones. The information from ordinary compact plantations was adapted to a strip tree cultivation system within a cattle farm, utilized in the northern region of Costa Rica. The information was differentiated in two scenarios, the high and low investment model, according to the technological package used. Results. The trees were planted within two fenced-strips of six meters wide per hectare at the boundaries of the grazing paddocks. Within the strips, trees were planted in an irregular distribution, at a distance of 2,5 m between rows and 4.0 m between trees, which allowed planting of 150 trees.ha-1 in a cycle of 8 years for melina and 16 years for teak. Conclusions. Total cost of growing melina in 2 strips.ha-1, in the high investment model was ₡751 759 (US $1307) and ₡966 818 (US $1681) for teak. In the low investment model, the total cost for melina was ₡545 739 (US $949) and ₡714 548 (US $1242) for teak. Labor represented 41% of the total costs in melina and 44% in teak. This silvopastoral design requires planting of 4.17 ha with melina and 5.5 ha with teak in order to obtain the same amount of wood as in a conventional plantation.\",\"PeriodicalId\":31178,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Agronomia Costarricense\",\"volume\":\"44 1\",\"pages\":\"155-173\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-07-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"2\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Agronomia Costarricense\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.15517/rac.v44i2.43109\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Agronomia Costarricense","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rac.v44i2.43109","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Costos de producción de teca (Tectona grandis) y melina (Gmelina arborea) en sistemas silvopastoriles de la zona norte de Costa Rica
espanolLa ausencia de informacion economica constituye una barrera para el fomento de sistemas silvopastoriles. El componente forestal representa una contribucion marginal en la economia de la ganaderia, que mantiene una huella de carbono alta y ocupa un 43% del territorio. Se requiere un nuevo modelo silvopastoril de mayor impacto economico-social y ambiental. Objetivo. Generar informacion de costos del cultivo de arboles, en un diseno silvopastoril que logra integrar el negocio pecuario con el de madera. Materiales y metodos. Se reporta la estructura completa de costos del componente forestal, basado en clones de melina y teca. Se adapto la informacion de plantaciones compactas ordinarias, a un sistema de cultivo de arboles en franjas dentro de una finca ganadera, utilizado en la zona norte de Costa Rica. La informacion se diferencio en dos escenarios, el modelo de alta y baja inversion, segun el paquete tecnologico utilizado. Resultados. Los arboles se plantaron dentro de franjas cercadas de seis metros de ancho.ha-1 en los linderos de los apartos, en distribucion tresbolillo a 2,5 m entre hileras y 4,0 m entre arboles, que permiten cultivar 150 arboles en dos franjas.ha-1, en un ciclo de 8 anos para melina y de 16 anos para teca. Conclusiones. El costo total de cultivar melina en dos franjas.ha-1, en el modelo de alta inversion, fue de ₡751 759 (US $1307) y de ₡966 818 (US $1681) con teca. En el modelo de baja inversion el costo total para melina fue de ₡545 739 (US $949) y para teca ₡714 548 (US $1242). La mano de obra represento 41% de los costos totales en melina y 44% en teca. Este diseno silvopastoril requiere plantar 4,17 ha con melina y 5,5 ha con teca para obtener la misma cantidad de madera que en una plantacion convencional. EnglishThe absence of economic information constitutes a barrier to the promotion of silvopastoral systems. The forest component represents a marginal contribution to the livestock economy, which maintains a high carbon footprint and occupies 43% of the territory. A new silvopastoral model of greater economic, social and environmental impact is required. Objective. To generate information on the costs of tree cultivation, in a silvopastoral design that manages to integrate the livestock business with that of wood. Materials and methods. The complete cost structure of the forest component is reported, based on melina and teak clones. The information from ordinary compact plantations was adapted to a strip tree cultivation system within a cattle farm, utilized in the northern region of Costa Rica. The information was differentiated in two scenarios, the high and low investment model, according to the technological package used. Results. The trees were planted within two fenced-strips of six meters wide per hectare at the boundaries of the grazing paddocks. Within the strips, trees were planted in an irregular distribution, at a distance of 2,5 m between rows and 4.0 m between trees, which allowed planting of 150 trees.ha-1 in a cycle of 8 years for melina and 16 years for teak. Conclusions. Total cost of growing melina in 2 strips.ha-1, in the high investment model was ₡751 759 (US $1307) and ₡966 818 (US $1681) for teak. In the low investment model, the total cost for melina was ₡545 739 (US $949) and ₡714 548 (US $1242) for teak. Labor represented 41% of the total costs in melina and 44% in teak. This silvopastoral design requires planting of 4.17 ha with melina and 5.5 ha with teak in order to obtain the same amount of wood as in a conventional plantation.